2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit22EnvironmentalProtection讲义北师大版选修8.docx

Unit 22 Environmental Protection (一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1ecology n生态2botanical adj. 植物的3consultant n. 顾问4corrupt adj. 贪污受贿的，腐败的5conservation n. 保护6consensus n. 一致的意见7species n. 纵联1 (动植物的)物种8habitat n. 栖息地9enforce vt. 实施，执行10scale n. 规模，范围11evolution n. (生物)进化.重点单词写其形1endanger vt. 危害2trap vt. 使困住3principle n. 纵联2 原则，道德准则4beyond prep. 超出5relevant adj. 有关的6coincidence n. 巧合7condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地8sacrifice vt. & vi. 牺牲；献出9advocate vt. 主张，提倡10recycle vt. 回收利用11substitute n. 代替品，代用品12seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取13behalf n. 代表14means n. 纵联3 方法15flee vt.& vi. 逃走16potential n. 可能性，潜在性17claim vt. 声称18arm vt. 纵联4 武装19carve vt. & vi. 雕刻.拓展单词通其变1extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的extinction n灭绝，绝种2fashionable adj.流行的，时髦的fashion n流行，时尚3separation n分离，分开separate adj.分开的v.分离，分开4construct vt.建造construction n建造5considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的consider vt.考虑consideration n考虑considering prep.考虑到；鉴于6adopt vt.采用；收养adoption n收养；采用adopted adj.收养的7reservation n预订；保留；保护reserve n保护区 vt.保留；预订reserved adj.预订的，保留的8agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的9changeable adj.多变的change n. & v变化10finance n资金financial adj.财政的；金融的11allocate vt.分配，配给allocation n分配，配给12calculate vt.计算，算出calculation n计算calculator n计算器纵联1.“环境”相关词一览species n物种 reserve n保护区conservation n保护 resource n资源recycle v回收利用纵联2.“相似词”小结dessert 甜点desert 舍弃tissue 组织issue 问题；发行affect v影响effect n影响principle 原则principal 校长borrow 借sorrow 悲痛wander 漫步wonder 想知道纵联3.“方法，途径”种种means n方法 way n方法approach n方法；途径 method n方法纵联4.“熟词生义”忠义堂arm vt.武装 address vt.发表演说develop v冲印 escape v被忘掉；被忽视fail v不足；缺乏 kill v消磨(时间)hit n成功；红极一时的人或事单元话题环境保护子话题1环境污染的因素pollute vt.污染 radiation n放射，放射物rubbish n垃圾；废物 litter v乱丢杂物carbon dioxide二氧化碳 damage n& vt.毁坏，损害smelly adj.有臭味的；发出臭味的子话题2保护环境的措施prevent vt.阻止，防止，预防 forbid vt.禁止punish vt.惩罚 reduce vt.减少replace vt.取代 protect vt.保护environmentallyfriendly adj.环保的学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2015浙江高考阅读C)Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.写出加黑短语在本单元的同义名词：separation写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：evolution写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：规模，加黑词所在句中短语lose sight of意为看不见2(2015陕西高考阅读C)The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：changeable，加黑词除“变化”的意思外，还有零钱的意思写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：危害写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：ecology3(2009湖北高考阅读B)Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out， biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds.Last year was an important turning point: conservationists founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in Cornwall, to support research into both wild and caged birds.写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：(动植物的)物种，加黑词为单复数同形的名词，英语中常见的单复数同形的词还有means(手段)，works(工厂)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿)等写出加黑短语在本单元的同义形容词：extinct写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：conservation高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2016天津高考书面表达)我谨代表我们的学校向你们表达我的感情。(behalf)On_behalf_of_our_school,_I_would_like_to_express_my_feelings_to_you.2(2014浙江高考书面表达)通常科普类图书用一种简单而有趣的方式解释自然的基本原则。(principle)Usually_popular_science_books_explain_basic_principles_of_nature_in_a_simple_and_interesting_way.3(2012湖北高考书面表达)虽然在破旧的(shabby)校园和设施简陋的教室里我感到失望，但是我发现老师们耐心又体贴。(considerate)Disappointed_as_I_felt_at_the_shabby_campus_and_the_poorlyequipped_classroom,_I_found_the_teachers_patient_and_considerate. (二)课堂重点释疑1reserve vt.储备；保存；保留；预订，预约n.保护区；储备辨清写出下列句中reserve的词性及含义I reserve my favorable comments for my former monitor.vt.保留I can not get the book I want but can I reserve it？vt.预订It is advisable to keep some food in reserve in case of emergency.n.储备Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya.n.保护区记牢(1)reserve sth.for sb./sth.为某人/某物保留、预订某物(2)in reserve 贮存；备用(3)reservation n. 保留；预订(房间、座位等)make a reservation 预订(座位、房间等)without reserve/reservation毫无保留地(4)reserved adj. 预订的，保留的be reserved for 留作，(专)供之用练通单句语法填空Have you reserved a room for your friends traveling in your city ahead of time, Mary?Oh, I forgot to tell you I have made a reservation for them.They will have a reserved room whenever they get there.(reserve)完成句子We always keep some money_in_reserve,_just in case.我们总是存些钱，以防万一。They supported the measures without_reserve/reservation.他们毫无保留地支持这些措施。一句多译你必须提前订票吗？Do you have to reserve_tickets in advance? (reserve)Do you have to make_a_reservation_of_tickets in advance? (reservation)写美(2018北京高考书面表达)我突然意识到传统文化如茶文化具有巨大的魅力和价值。我们应该保留并且向全世界的人们传播我们的文化。It_suddenly_hit_me_that_traditional_culture_like_tea_culture_was_of_great_charm_and_huge_value.And_we_should_reserve_and_spread_our_own_culture_to_people_all_over_the_world.2seize vt.抓住；捉住；(用武力)夺取；依法没收记牢seize sth. from sb.从某人那里夺过某物seize sb. by the . 抓住某人的seize on/upon 抓住，利用seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会练通单句语法填空Before he could run away, she seized him by the collar.Our teacher forbade us to seize on/upon our dictionaries during the test.完成句子We should seize_the_chance/opportunity_to_work_hard to achieve our goals.我们应抓住机会努力实现我们的目标。Tom_seized_the_letter_from_her and began to read out loud.汤姆从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。用准seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物时，可直接用被抓的部位作宾语，也可用“seizesb./sth.bythe部位”结构，但表示部位的名词前不可用物主代词。写美(2015广东高考书面表达)我们可以利用唾液样本来检测人们是否患有主要的疾病。We_can_seize_on/upon_saliva_sample_to_detect_whether_people_have_major_illnesses. 3substitute vt.& vi.(用)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品记牢(1)substitute A for Bsubstitute B with/by A用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代(2)a substitute for . 的替代品练通完成句子Nothing can substitute_for_hard_work because life is a process of struggle for success.没有什么可以代替努力工作，因为生活是一个为成功而奋斗的过程。The scientists are studying to develop a_substitute_for this kind of medicine.科学家们正在研究开发这种药物的替代品。一句多译这台旧电脑坏了。我们必须用新的代替它。The_old_computer_doesnt_work.We_must_substitute_a_new_one_for_it.The_old_computer_doesnt_work.We_must_substitute_it_with/by_a_new_one.写美(2014上海高考书面表达)我了解到我们的英语栏目正在进行改革，三个栏目中的一个将被一个新的栏目所取代。Ive_learned_that_our_English_Post_is_being_reformed_and_a_new_one_will_substitute_for_one_of_the_three_columns.4trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套辨清写出下列句中trap的词性及含义They had been trapped in the cave for 20 days before rescued.vt.使困住Were you just trying to trap her into making a mistaken decision？vt.诱骗You can escape from these traps by making the right choice.n.陷阱The police set a trap to catch the thief.n.圈套记牢(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth.使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；诱骗某人(做)某事be/get trapped in 被困在中(2)fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套fall into the trap of doing sth.落入的圈套；做某事不明智set/lay a trap for 为设圈套练通单句语法填空The shopkeeper trapped me into buying (buy) his poor quality milk. Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it.完成句子He set/laid_a_trap_for_her and she walked straight into it.他给她设了个圈套，她就径直走了进去。The brave soldiers were determined to save all the people who_were_trapped_in_the_flood.勇敢的战士们决心拯救所有被困在洪水中的人。Parents often fall_into_the_trap_of_trying_to_do_everything for their children.父母经常一厢情愿地试图为子女操办一切。写美(2015江苏高考书面表达)更糟糕的是，因为近年来越来越多的汽车，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人被困在交通堵塞中。Whats_worse,_some_drivers,_cyclists_and_pedestrians_are_trapped_in_the_traffic_jams_because_of_the_ever_increasing_number_of_cars_these_years.联想表示“被困于中”的短语还有：be/get locked inbe/get stuck inbe/get caught in be/get blocked in5threaten vt.威胁，恐吓记牢(1)threaten sb.with .用威胁某人threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事threaten that . 威胁(2)threat n. 威胁，恐吓a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁练通单句语法填空He tied her up and threatened her with a sixinch knife.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment.David threatened to_report (report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.句式升级He was threatened by terrorists and didnt dare to vote for the president.(用过去分词短语作状语)Threatened_by_terrorists,_he_didnt_dare_to_vote_for_the_president.写美(2017浙江高考书面表达)就在那个时候，狼可能感觉到来自人的威胁，开始撤退。Just_at_that_time,_the_wolf_might_feel_the_threats_from_the_people,_starting_to_withdraw.6advocate vt.主张，提倡n.提倡者，拥护者记牢(1)advocate (doing) sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that . 主张从句谓语动词用 (should)动词原形(2)an advocate of/for 的提倡者/拥护者练通单句语法填空He advocated that the children (should)_be_taken (take) good care of in the charity house.Many experts in education advocated encouraging (encourage) children for good behavior.She has always been an advocate of/for changes to the local economic reform.写美(2017北京高考书面表达)毕业典礼终于到了，我和同学们都主张做一些有意义的事情。经过激烈的讨论，我们同意制作一个视频来记录我们在学校的经历。Graduation ceremony finally came.My classmates and I advocated doing something meaningful.After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.7adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养记牢(1)adopt a policy/habit采用某项政策/某种习惯adopt ones suggestion/plan/idea 采纳某人的建议/计划/想法adopt a method/measures 采用某种方法/采取措施adopt an orphan 收养孤儿(2)adopted adj. 收养的(3)adoption n. 收养；采纳练通单句语法填空/完成句子His adopted (adopt) son was said to be admitted into the key university, which made him very happy.Thanks to her adoption (adopt), Mr.White could receive a good education and became an engineer.After a heated discussion, we all decided to adopt_measures_to_deal_with_the_contemporary_situation (采取措施来处理当前的情况)After much consideration, we all decided to adopt_my_deskmates_suggestion (采纳我同桌的建议)用准adopt与adapt词形相近，但意思不同，adapt 意为“适应；改编，改写”。写美(2014天津高考书面表达)首先，我们应采取科学的饮食，它能提供身体所需。First_of_all,_we_should_adopt_a_scientific_diet,_which_provides_the_necessities_for_our_body.8means n方式，方法；手段记牢means of (doing) sth.(做)某事的方法、途径by means of 借助的手段by all means 可以，当然行；务必，一定by no means 决不(置于句首，句子倒装)by this means 用这种方法练通选词填空(by means of/by all means/by no means/by this means)By_no_means can teaching in school be separated from practice.We will by_all_means realize our dreams as long as we stick to them and work hard.By_means_of the Internet, we can gain plenty of useful information.Only by_this_means can you get in touch with your classmates.一句多译各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。Every_possible_means_has_been_tried,_but none worked.(means 为单数名词)All_possible_means_have_been_tried,_but none worked.(means 为复数名词)用准(1)当means表示“方法，方式，手段”时，单复数同形。means作主语且有every, each, one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few, all等词修饰时谓语动词用复数。(2)“(做)的方法”的表达还有：the approach to (doing) sth.; the way to do/of (doing) sth.; the method of (doing) sth.等。写美(2015重庆高考书面表达)通过定向分享，我只需要把书传递给其他参与者。书不仅能够共享，还可以搭建一座连接世界各地读者的桥梁。By_means_of_controlled_release,_I_only_need_to_deliver_books_to_other_participants.Not_only_are_books_shared_but_they_can_build_up_a_bridge_connecting_readers_from_different_parts_of_the_world.9coincidence n巧合；同时发生；一致，相符记牢(1)by coincidence碰巧，巧合的是It is/was a coincidence that . 是巧合的What a coincidence! 真巧！(2)coincident adj.巧合的，重合的；一致的，相符的练通单句语法填空By coincidence, my husband and I have the same birthday.The result of the game was coincident (coincidence) with our expectation.完成句子/一句多译真巧！我从没想到会在这里遇见你。What_a_coincidence! I never dreamed of meeting you here.当他受伤时，碰巧有辆救护车经过。It_was_a_coincidence_that_an ambulance was passing by when he got injured.By_coincidence,_an ambulance was passing by when he got injured.写美(2016全国卷书面表达)任何有兴趣的同学都能参加。巧合的是，你拍照好而且一直想为环保做些事情。Any_student_who_is_interested_is_welcome_to_participate.By_coincidence,_you_take_good_pictures_and_youve_always_wanted_to_do_something_for_environmental_protection.10considerate adj.体贴的，想得周到的 记牢(1)consideration n考虑；体谅，关心，体贴under consideration 在考虑中take . into consideration 把考虑在内；考虑(2)considerable adj. 相当大的；相当多的(3)considering prep. 考虑到(4)consider v. 考虑；认为consider sb./sth. to be/as .认为是；把看作 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事练通单句语法填空Considering what she has done for us, we consider her as a very considerate person.(consider)Mothers Day is coming, and Im considering purchasing (purchase) a gift for Mum, one that is to her taste.Changing this situation requires considerable (consider)effort on the part of everyone.Everything taken into consideration (consider), they believed themselves more qualified for the job.The plan he put forward at the meeting is under consideration now and the result will be put up soon.句式升级He took all the aspects into consideration and decided to study abroad.Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration,_he_decided_to_study_abroad.(现在分词短语作状语)All_the_aspects_taken_into_consideration,_he_decided_to_study_abroad.(独立主格)写美(2012江苏高考书面表达)不要以自我为中心，尽量要想得周到。我们一定要学会冷静而理智地处理争执。Dont_be_selfcentered_and_try_to_be_considerate.We_must_learn_to_handle_conflicts_calmly_and_wisely.11sacrifice v& n牺牲，献出 记牢(1)sacrifice .for .为而牺牲；牺牲而换得sacrifice . to do sth. 为做某事而牺牲(2)make sacrifices/a sacrifice 做出牺牲练通单句语法填空Would you sacrifice a football game to_go (go) out with me?As a mother, she was ready to sacrifice everything for her family.完成句子She made_many_sacrifices_to get her son a good education.为了让儿子接受好的教育，她做出了很多牺牲。He sacrificed_a_promising_career_to_look_after his kids.他为了照顾孩子牺牲了很有前途的事业。写美(2015浙江高考书面表达)为了集体利益，我倾向于牺牲自己的利益。I_tend_to_sacrifice_my_own_interest_for_the_group_benefit.词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1If you dont pay your debt, your property will be seized (没收)2For most people, the car is still their main means (方式) of transport.3We became trapped (使困住) by the rising floodwater.4What a coincidence (巧合) that we were in New York at the same time!5All children should be encouraged to develop their full potential (潜能)6You mustnt sacrifice (牺牲) environment to promote economic growth.7We will condemn (谴责) those people for their mistreating pets, such as dogs or cats.8The report advocated (提倡) that all buildings should be fitted with smoke detectors in yesterdays newspaper.9In a formal football match, each team can have three players to substitute (替代) their teammates when necessary.10It was not until I completed the form that I realized that half the questions were not relevant (有关的) to me.单句语法填空1It is reported that the new airport is still under construction (construct)2In England, the changeable (change) weather is a topic which is much talked about.3By my calculation (calculate), we made a profit of 20,000 last year.4He came to China in order to learn Chinese agricultural (agriculture) skills.5The schools must adopt (adoption) new methods of teaching foreign languages.6The president called on his people to make a sacrifice for the good of their country.7If you are going to visit a friend, it is necessary to make a reservation (reserve)8Her brother threatened to_leave (leave) her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order.9They were trying every possible means to rescue the miners trapped (trap) underground.10The project wasted a considerable (consider) amount of time and money.单句改错1Only by this/that mean can we master English.meanmeans2The policeman seized the thief by his arm immediately.histhe3Though seats in the library are tight, my friend Tom has reserved one to me.tofor4Pack ice around Iceland was becoming a threat with navigation.withto5Having trapped in the traffic jam for hours, he became impatient.Having_后加been.完成句子1By no means will_you_tell_him the news.你决不能告诉他这个消息。2Do you advocate_banning_cars in the city centre?你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗？3By_coincidence,_I met the person wed been discussing the next day.巧合的是，我在第二天遇见了我们一直在谈论的那个人。4It_is_considerate_of_you not to play the piano while I was asleep.在我睡觉时你不弹钢琴，真是体贴入微。5The man would probably seize_him_by_the_wrist and take the razor away.那人很可能会抓住他的手腕，把刮胡刀夺走。(一)课前自主学习1a_number_of 一些2in_turn 依次，轮流；反过来3take_action 采取行动4lead_to 串记1 引起，导致5apart_from串记2 除以外6answer_for串记3 (对已产生的不良后果)负责任7carry_off 掠去，夺走8call_for_an_end_to_sth.串记4 要求结束9refer_to 指，意即10all_in_all 总的来说11earn_ones_living 谋生12as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上13result_in 导致14on_somebodys_behalf 代表15break_away_from 摆脱；脱离(团体、组织、某种 思想体系)16sum_up 总结，概括17or_else 否则，不然18beyond_ones_control 超出的控制同根短语串记串记1.说说“引起，导致”短语bring about lead toresult in/from contribute to串记2.“除以外”家族apart from 除外(还有/没有)aside from 除外(还有/没有)except for 除了(不好的部分)except 除之外(不包括)besides 除外(还有)in addition 此外(单独使用)in addition to 此外as well as 除之外串记3.“负责”短语全接触answer for be responsible fortake charge in (the) charge of串记4.“结束”在何方call for an end to sth. 要求结束某事come to an end 结束bring sth.to an