动词概述和情态动词.ppt

动词概述和情态动词,动词的种类,行为动词：表示动作和状态，独立作谓语。 I read newspapers everyday.(及物动词) Horses run fast. （不及物动词） 联系动词：须和表语一起构成谓语。(be seem等) My father is a teacher. 助动词：须和行为动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气。 I dont like it! 情态动词：说明说话者对其后主动词行为的态度。 I can speak a little English now.,情态动词的语法特征,在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could, would, had to, was(或were) to, might等几个过去式。 在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义。如can可表“能够”“可能”“允许”等. 在用法上，情态动词须后接动词原形，构成谓语动词。,常见的情态动词,can / could (be able to)能力、允许、可能性 may / might请求、允许、祝愿、可能性 must / have to（have got to）必须、不得不、推测 ought to / should必须、推测 Will（2） / would / shall（1、3）意愿、推测 used to过去常常 need (必须“否、疑”) （推测）/ dare （敢） Had better 最好 be to计划、打算 would rather表示“宁愿“,情态动词的回答方式,典型例题,1）-Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course, you_. A. might B. will C. can D. should Key: C could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。,典型例题,2）-Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt Key: A neednt 不必，不用。 wouldnt 将不, 不会的。mustnt 禁止、不能。 shouldnt 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用neednt。,典型考题,3）-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -_. A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent KEY: B will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心“，本题表示决心，选B。,表示推测的用法,1.It mustnt have rained last night. The ground is dry. 2.He mustnt be her son. She herself is so young. 3.You dont need go there if you have no time. 4.You must not tell me this if you think it unnecessary.,改错题,5.You ought be more careful if you want to pass the exam. 6.He must not have gone now, must he? 7.Will I carry it for you? 8.Its too late. We may not go home now.,改错题,9.Go and get some chalk, do you. 10.Time is up. We had better to leave now. 11.He mustnt be dead. I saw him last night. 12.I could not but to try. 13.Its forbidden. You neednt smoke here.,改错题,ought to和should +have过去分词 肯定形式：表示过去该做而没有做某事。 You ought to have warned them of danger. 你本应提醒他们有危险。 否定形式：表示过去不该（或不必）做却做了某 事。 She shouldnt have told her the bad news. 她本不应该告诉她那个坏消息。,典型例题,Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. t