最新版钟萍-情态动词2012-2-19.ppt

Modal Verbs 情态动词 一、何谓“情态动词”？ 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等。 二、情态动词的特点 1.没有人称和数的变化(have to, have got to, be able to 除外) 2.有些情态动词有过去式的变化 e.g. will would , can could , may might , dare dared 3. 情态动词本身具有一定词义,但不能单独做谓语, 后一般接动词原形一起构成谓语部分。 三、情态动词的否定形式 情态动词+ not +动词原形 can not: cant , must not: mustnt , need not : neednt,一. can , could和be able to 1.can 1)“能” , 表示能力、技能 We can speak two languages. A computer cant think for itself.(不能) could 表 过去的能力 I could swim when I was only six. 表能力 be able to 表能力，可用于各种时态, You will be able to skate after practising it several times. He hasnt been able to walk since his accident.,还可表示成功地做了某事 = manage to do/succeed in doing sth. 此时只能用was/ were able to,不能用could The big fire spread quickly in the hotel but everyone was able to get out.,1.You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _ find the book by the title. must B. need C. can D. would 2.Just be patient. You_ expect the world to change so soon. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not,C,A,2) “可以”，表示许可(和may意思相近)常见于口语 Can/May/Could (委婉语气)I come in? 我能进来吗? Can/May/Could (委婉语气) I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？ -Can/ May/ Could (委婉语气) I use your pen? -Yes, you can. /you can (may) use my pen. Yes, you could. - No, you cant.,3) “有时可能” 在肯定句中，can可以表示一时的特定的可能性/ 表理论上的可能性 A clever person can make a mistake in his life. Children can be very naughty sometimes. It can be very hot in November in South China. 1. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would,B,2. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. shall B. should C. can D. must 3.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow. A. should B. must C. will D. can,D,C,4) “可能”, 表推测/可能性,常用在疑问和否定句中 can be “可能是/可能在” -Can the news be true? -It cant be true. What can he possibly mean? He cant be her father, for he is too young. can be doing “可能正在做” Can he be still sleeping? It is already ten oclock. cant/couldnt have done “(过去)不可能做过” There cant/couldnt have been anyone in, for no one answered my phone. -Can Tom have stolen the money? -It must be Tom, only he knows where I put the money.,1.You _ be hungry already-you had lunch only two hours ago! wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 2. There is no light on- they _ be at home. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 3.She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 4.-Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. -well, he _ have gone far- his coats still here. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt,A,A,B,C,could have done 用于虚拟语气 表 “（过去）本能够做却没有做”，暗含惋惜。 I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. -I stayed in a hotel. -Did you? You could have stayed in my bedroom.本能够 He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed,C,Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed,B,二. may和might 1)都表示允许或请求(might语气更委婉); “可以” You may watch TV now. You may take whatever you like. 我可以进来吗？ -_I come in? 注意回答 -Yes, you may/can. No, you mustnt./youd better not.,May/ Might /Can,2)“也许”,都表示没有把握的推测(might指可能性比may小,不表过去时态; 但也可表过去的可能) He might be in the office.（可能性更小） -Are you coming to Jims party? -Im not sure, I may/might go to the concert. He was afraid that they might not come back soon.（过去的可能） She said that Tom might take her dictionary. I dont know whether John flew to New York or not, he might have flown to Paris. Dont eat the apples. It may have been gone bad.,-excuse me, is this the right way to the Summer Place? -Sorry, I am not sure. But it _ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can,A,要表示很大可能性,可用 may/might well+v原形 “很可能” What you said may/might well be true. 你说的很可能是真的。,The traffic is heavy these days. I _ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? can B. must C. will D. may Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _ just be quite people. must B. may C. should D. would Liza _ well not want to go on the trip- she hates travelling. will B. can C. must D. may -where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. -you _ it in the wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put,D,B,D,D,3)表建议（和as well 连用）构成: may/ might as well+v原形,意为“不妨“,“倒不如” If that is the case, we may as well try. There is nothing more to do, so we may as well go home. You may as well stay where you are.,4）用于虚拟语气：might have done “过去本来也许可以（却没有这样做）” If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. (08江西) What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done 5）may 放在句首,表示祝愿。 May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！,D,三. have to和must 两词都是“必须”的意思, have to 表客观的需要, “不得不”； must 表示说话人主观上的看法, 即主观上的必要，“必须” My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor at mid-night. He said that they must work hard. have to 的否定式: dont have to do “不必做” You dont have to go right now.,You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to,D,1、must 的主要用法 1)必须、必要 We must take some immediate steps to stop pollution. 2) 必然的结果 If you dont hurry, you must miss the train.(必然) All men must die. (人固有一死) 3) 偏偏，偏要 (表示与说话人愿望相反) The young man is my nephew, if you must know. 如果你偏要知道的话，那个年轻人是我的侄子。 Let you know if you must. 如果你偏要知道，那我就告诉你。 The machine must break down at this busy hour. 正忙的时候机器偏偏坏了。,-Can I smoke? - If you must. (虽不同意，但可允许)。 Why must it rain on Sunday? Must you make so much noise? 你偏要这么吵吗？ Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter _ go and do the opposite! A. may B. can C. must D. should,C,4）表推测“肯定，一定” (100%的把握) must be “一定是/一定在” You must be tired, because you are sleepy. He must be at home. must be doing “一定正在” The light is on in his room. Tom must be doing his homework. must have done “(过去)一定已经做过” You must have been hungry when you got there. The ground is very wet, so it must have rained last night.,Where is my key? I _ it. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost 注意：mustnt 表 “禁止，不准，不许”. You must not smoke. 你们不准吸烟. - Must we clean our classroom now? 我们必须现在打扫教室吗？ - Yes, you must 或 - No , you neednt. = No, you dont have to.不，你们不必打扫。 回答由must引起的问句时，否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,表示“无需”、“不必”。,D,1.Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it_ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 2 -Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? - She _ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. shall be B . should have done C. must be D . might have done 3 I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will,C,C,A,4 - It the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. - Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need 5 “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “There is no one of that name here.” A. need B. can C. must D. would 6 You _ park here! Its an emergency exit. wouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D . mustnt,A,C,D,(05全国) John，look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? Must B. Can C. May D. Need (05北京) He _ have completed his work；otherwise，he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant (05辽宁) This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put,A,B,D,(06浙江) Could I have a word with you，mum? Oh dear，if you_. . A. can B. must C. may D. should (07上海29) Guess what？ I have got A for my term paper. Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. must B. should C .must have D. should have,B,C,四. ought to+v原形 “应该” You dont look well. You ought to go to the doctor. ought to 用于否定句，可缩略为oughtnt to。 You oughtnt to smoke so much. 也可以用于疑问句，如: -Ought you to smoke so much? 你应该抽这么多烟吗？ - Yes, I ought to. /No, I oughtnt to. ought to 在间接引语中表过去时形式不变，如：He said you ought to tell the police.,五. shall与should shall的用法 1)用于第一、三人称疑问句表征求对方的意见 Shall we dance? Shall he sit down? Shall he be able to leave the hospital? 2) 用于第二、三人称陈述句表允诺，保证，命令，威胁，警告，决心 He shall have a watch for Christmas if hes good. You shall have an answer by tomorrow. You shall not smoke again. You shall be punished if you dont do as I say.,允诺，保证,允诺,警告,威胁,3) 用于三人称，表法律/协议的条文，规章制度等 Smith shall get what he wants according to the law (法规). The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do,B,1（06 北京) -whats the name? -Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 2(江苏卷). I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday. could B. shall C. must D. may 3.“The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall,B,A,D,should的用法:一般不应被认为是情态动词shall的过去式，主要用法有： 1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和， What should we do now? 我们现在该怎么办？ 2)should 表劝告,建议, 应该(=ought to,但ought to的语气更强) eg: You ought to/ should wash your hands before dishes.,should的特殊用法： 1).Why /how + should 结构表说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外,惊异等, “竟然会” How should I know? 我怎么会知道?(意:我不知道) Its surprised that you should speak to your mother in that way. 竟然 I dont know why you should think that I did it 2)表推测，probably will “按道理应该/ 理应”。 - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They should be ready by 12:00.,You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would Its nearly 8 oclock. Jack _ be here at this moment. A must B need C should D can,C,C,3)用于虚拟语气中 should (ought to) have done(过去本该做却未做 shouldnt (oughtnt to ) have done 过去本不该做却做了 Look, the flowers are dead, you should have watered them in time. You shouldnt have been so careless in exam. You shouldnt have scolded her; after all she was just a little child.,It is natural (strange, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that sb (should) do 表示“理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等 It is strange that he (should ) say so. It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. It is suggested / ordered / demanded that sb (should) do. I suggest Tom should go.,用于if 从句中. “万一,假如,如果” If you should change your mind, do let me know. If anyone should phone, please tell them Im busy. (福建卷).Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow,A,(上海卷).Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you_ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt (全国卷I ）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall (07全国)Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C .should D. must,C,A,C,(上海) There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt (福建) Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You _her last week. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told,C,D,六 . will和would 1）用于各种人称表示意志，决心或愿望 Will you help me? I will help you. Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace. He would not let me try it . 2）will “总是，老是”表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would表示过去的习惯行为，必须与行为动词连用，（不强调与现在的对比）而used to 则强调过去与现在的对比关系（现在不这样了）。 He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. He would come to see me when he was in Xian. 他在西安时总是来看我。(和现在无关） He used to be careless in his work. 他过去工作总是很粗心。（现在不粗心了）,1.He _ bring me something to eat whenever he comes back from his hometown. A. may B. shall C. will D. would 2.(08北京21)John promised his doctor he _ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. might B. should C. could D. would,D,C,3）用于第二人称疑问句中，表示对对方的请求，would的语气比will委碗. Would/Will you kindly tell me the way to the station? Would you like some cake? (表示肯定含义的请求劝说,不用any) 区分： Let us have a rest, will you? Lets have a rest, shall we ?,4)主语若为无生命的东西,wont意为“不起作用,就是不”，表明主语的一种特征。 The door wont open. 这门就是打不开。 The drawer wont lock. 这抽屉就是锁不了。 5) 否定结构中用will, 一般不用would, wont you是一种委婉语气。 Wont you sit down?,七 . 半情态动词need 和 dare 作情态动词时，一般用在否定和疑问句中； 如用在肯定句中，多为实义动词，有人称和数的变化，need接不定式时须带to. dare 后的不定式可省略to Need I explain once more? (情态v) The question needs to be discussed. (实义v) =needs discussing. She dare not tell the truth to him. (情态v) We should dare to think, to speak and to act. (实义v) She doesnt dare to go out at night by herself. She dare not go out (情态v),- Need you go now? - Yes, I must. / No, I neednt. 1 Nothing need _ at the moment, you may have your own way. A. to be done B. be done C. doing D. do,B,need 用于虚拟语气 neednt have done “(过去)本不必做却做了” You neednt have watered the flowers, for its going to rain. (天津卷) Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt (08陕西)What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? Well, it _ be bigthats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt C. ca