2018届高考英语总复习真题研练52牛津译林版.docx

真题研练52 Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。(2015北京，C)Life in the Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen，a scientist in biology，says，“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless theyre eating it，or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become seethrough? Its trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light，at least not very much.Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water.You dont see ityou see the things behind it.To become transparent，an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments，so its tissues wont absorb light.According to Johnsen，avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materialsskin，fat，and moreand light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter light，it is easier to be seethrough.Others build a large，clear mass of nonliving jellylike(果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge，because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how theyre doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear：for these larger animals，staying transparent is an active process.When they die，they turn a nontransparent milky white.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科技说明文，文章解释了生活在海洋里的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。1According to Paragraph 1，transparent animals _.Astay in groupsBcan be easily damagedCappear only in deep ocean Dare beautiful creatures答案B细节理解题。由第一段第三句“Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.”可知大部分的透明动物都极度脆弱，轻微的触摸都能使其受到损害。故选B。2The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means _.AsilentlyBgraduallyCregularlyDcompletely答案D词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，你能看到物体一种是因为它们对光进行了散射，另外一种是因为它们对光的吸收，既然吸收了，那么光在传播过程中就被完全阻止了。故选D。3One way for an animal to become transparent is to _.Achange the direction of light travel Bgather materials to scatter lightCavoid the absorption of lightDgrow bigger to stop light答案C细节理解题。由第五段第一句“To become transparent，an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.”可知为了成为透明动物，它需要阻止自己的身体吸光或者是散射光。故选C。4The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals _.Amove more slowly in deep waterBstay seethrough even after deathCproduce more tissues for their survivalDtake effective action to reduce light spreading答案D推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中“they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light”可知，它们不得不让身体中所有的不同的组织降低光的传播速度。故选D。Task 2：词汇积累1surface n表面2typically adv.典型地；代表性地3surrounding adj.周围的n.环境4absorb vt.吸收；吸引的注意5delicate adj.精致的，易碎的6visible adj.明显的；看得见的7original n原件；原作 adj.原始的；最初的8transparent adj.透明的，明显的9bounce v弹起，弹回10challenge n挑战Task 3：单句语法填空1These animals _ (typical) live between the surface of the ocean and a _ (deep)of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach.2But some materials slow and scatter light，_ (bounce) it away from its original path.3Animals are built of many different materialsskin，fat，and moreand light moves through each_ a different speed.4Without much tissue to scatter light，it is easier _ (be) seethrough.5One thing is clear for these larger animals，_ (stay)transparent is an active process.答案1.typically；depth2.bouncing3.at4.to be5.stayingTask 4：单句改错1To become transparent，an animal needs to keep its body absorbing or scattering light.2The real challenge is preventing light from scatter.3Most of them are extremely delicate and can damaged by a simple touch.4They have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as many as water does.答案1.body后加from2.scatterscattering3.can后加be4.manymuchTask 5：攻克长难句(分析句子结构，尝试翻译成汉语)The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.分析：这是一个主从复合句，The objects around you are visible是主句，beca