（江苏专用）2019年高中英语Unit4BehindbeliefsSectionⅡWelcometotheunit.docx

Section Welcome to the unit & ReadingLanguage Points.高频单词 A根据所给词性和汉语意思写出单词1Buddhist_ adj. 佛教的 n. 佛教徒2straightforward adj. 简单的，易懂的；坦诚的，率直的3underline vt. 强调；突出；加下划线4strike vt. 击打；撞击；攻击；罢工 n. 罢工，击打5handwriting n. 笔迹；书法；手写，书写6wine n. 葡萄酒7penny n. 便士8sow vt. 播种；散布9delicate adj. 易碎的，脆弱的；纤细的，精致的10agricultural adj. 农业的 agriculture n. 农业B用所给单词的适当形式填空11Jonathan lived in London and his room was furnished barely. He likes playing on the beach and his bare feet made no sound in the soft sand.(bare)12Maria was very vague about her plans for the future. Every time someone asked her about the future plan, she just smiled vaguely.(vague)13The tomatoes quickly ripened in the hot weather, but some other vegetables were not ripe.(ripen)14Her doctor gave her a thorough checkup and told her she had suffered from very serious heart disease. She sat in the room feeling thoroughly miserable.(thorough).重点短语 1by and_by不久，过一会儿2be associated_with 与有关3translate .into . 把翻译成4in other words 换句话说，换言之5hire oneself_out 打工，受雇于人6catch_on 受欢迎，流行.经典句型 1句型展示. and unless you recognize an idiom when_it_is_being_used,_it is easy to misunderstand what you read or hear spoken.除非你能识别习语的运用，否则会很容易误解你所读到的或听到的内容。典例背诵So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.这儿正采取一些有效措施以挽救当地的野生动物。2句型展示However, many idioms have either lost their original meanings or have only a vague or loose connection with them now.但今天许多习语的原意或者荡然无存，或者与它们的原意仅有含糊或松散的联系。典例背诵You can either write or phone to request a copy.既可以写信也可以打电话索取一本。1bare adj.裸露的；无遮盖的；空的 v. (使)露出教材原句The statue had a head and throat of gold, chest and arms of silver, legs of iron, and ankles and bare feet made of iron and clay.塑像的头和喉咙是金色的，胸臂是银的，两腿是铁的，脚踝和裸露的脚是半铁半泥的。The child was bare to the waist, his body shivering.那孩子光着膀子，浑身哆嗦。(1)with your bare hands赤手空拳lay sth. bare 暴露；揭露(2)bare your soul (to sb.) (向某人)打开心扉Every aspect of their private lives has been laid bare.他们的私生活全部被曝光了。Are you a person who always bares your soul to others?你是一个经常能向别人敞开心扉的人吗？即境活用1The _ fact is that some European countries are heavily in debt, _ Chinas economy is generally in good shape.Asimple; soBbare; neverthelessCobvious; because Dclear; despite解析：选B。句意：很明显欧洲国家负债累累，然而，中国的经济发展处于良好的态势。bare “无遮盖的，显而易见的”； nevertheless “然而”。2strike vt. & vi.击打；撞击；攻击；罢工；划(火柴)；打动 n. 罢工形象记忆教材原句In the dream, a stone flew at the statue and struck it on the feet.在这个梦里，一个石头砸向了塑像，正好落到塑像的脚上。(2012四川高考完形填空)He was lying in bed when something like a smoke alarm struck his ears.他躺在床上时听到像烟雾报警器一样的声音。strike . with .用敲打It strikes sb.that . 某人突然意识到be struck by . 被打动；深受感动He was so angry that he struck the table with his fist.他气得用拳头砸桌子。The visitors were struck by the beauty of the tourist area.游客被旅游区的美景迷住了。It strikes me that nobody is really in favour of the changes.我突然意识到没人真正赞成这些变动。即境活用2The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park, in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how the idea _ a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.AobtainedBstruckCresisted Dindicated解析：选B。句意：在侏罗纪公园中一个科学家克隆了几种已经灭绝的恐龙，这类电影的流行证实了这种想法如何引起人们的恐惧和兴奋。strike 意为“引起，冲击”，符合句意。obtain “获得，得到”； resist “抵抗，反抗”； indicate “表明，指出”。3thorough adj.完全的，彻底的；细致的，深入的教材原句When you have a thorough understanding of English idioms and their origins, you can better understand and appreciate the history and cultures of Englishspeaking countries, because idioms are carriers of history and culture.透彻地了解英语习语及其起源，你可以更好地理解和欣赏说英语国家的历史和文化，因为习语是历史和文化的载体。Grace gave the room a thorough cleaning.格雷斯对房间进行彻底打扫。He is a thorough scoundrel, as is known to us.我们都知道，他是一个彻头彻尾的恶棍。Jeremy is very thorough in his work.杰里米对工作一丝不苟。即境活用3The personal information you give in the application form is too _. You should focus on something special about yourself.AcommonBoriginalCordinary Dthorough解析：选D。句意：你的申请表里提供的个人信息太面面俱到了。你应该重点说说你的特长。由后一句 You should focus on something special about yourself.可知答案为D, thorough 的意思为“彻底的；详尽的；全面的”。4. in other words 换句话说，换言之教材原句In other words, its meaning can be very different from the apparent meanings of its components.换言之，其含义与组成单词的意思可能完全不同。His wife is my daughter; in other words, I am his motherinlaw.他妻子是我女儿。换句话讲，我是他的岳母。They asked him to leave in other words, he was fired.他们请他走人，也就是说，他被解雇了。beyond words难以用言语形容have words with sb. 与某人吵嘴have a word with sb. 与某人说句话in a/one word 简而言之，总之， 一句话upon my word 说实在话，我敢保证weigh ones words 斟酌字句word for word 逐字地Could I have a word with you after the meeting?今后我们可否谈谈？点津word 意为“消息；传闻，谣言”时，作不可数名词。I received the word of his safe arrival.我接到了他平安抵达的消息。即境活用4How men first invented words is unknown._，the beginning of language is a mystery.AIn other words BIn a wordCIn words DIn conclusion解析：选A。句意：没有人知道人类起初是怎样发明文字的，也就是说，语言的起源是个谜。in other words“换句话说”，符合句意。in a word“总之”；in words“用语言”；in conclusion“最后，总之”。5. catch on 受欢迎，流行；明白，意识教材原句Somehow, making up modern idioms is not as straightforward as it first appeared few of these new idioms would ever really catch on.不知怎么地，编写现代成语并不像最初它出现的那样简单这些新成语中很少会真正地流行下去。That phrase has caught on, even if people disagree about what it means.那个短语最近很流行，即使人们不同意它的意思。Please repeat what you said, I didnt quite catch on.请把你的话再说一遍，我不太明白。catch at试图抓住be/get caught in 遭遇，被困住catch up with 赶上；追上catch sb. doing sth. 当场抓住某人做某事He caught at the feather floating in the air, but didnt make it.他想去抓飘浮在空中的羽毛，但没抓到。Jack has been working hard and has caught up with his classmates in studies.杰克一直在努力学习，并已经赶上了他的同班同学。The police caught him stealing a car.警察当场抓住他在偷汽车。即境活用5Some holidays are so much fun that they _ outside of their culture.Acatch atBcatch upCcatch on Dgo on解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：有些节日实在是很有趣，所以在本土文化以外的地方也很受欢迎。catch on “流行，受欢迎”，符合句意。 catch at “抓住”； catch up “赶上”； go on “继续”。1. and unless you recognize an idiom when it_is_being_used,_it is easy to misunderstand what you read or hear spoken.除非你能识别习语的运用，否则会很容易误解你所读到的或听到的内容。when it is being used使用的是现在进行时的被动语态。现在进行时的被动语态的构成：主语 is/am/are being 过去分词，其用法如下：(1)表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。My car is being repaired now.我的汽车正在修理中。(2)表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。Some new houses are being built near the park.公园附近在建一些房子。(3)表示经常的被动行为，常和 always, often, constantly 等词连用表达某种感情色彩。He is always being praised by the teacher.老师总是表扬他。(4)与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。He may be being beaten by his father at the very moment.他父亲此刻可能正在揍他。即境活用1(2012四川高考)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.Ais being rebuilt Bhas been rebuiltCis rebuilt Dhas rebuilt解析：选A。考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时态，且house与动词rebuilt之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。2However, many idioms have either lost their original meanings or have only a vague or loose connection with them now.但今天许多习语的原意或者荡然无存，或者与它们的原意仅有含糊或松散的联系。(1)either . or . 或者或者，不是就是，在句中连接两个并列成分。You may either stay at home or go there with us.你既可以待在家里又可以和我们一道去那儿。(连接并列谓语)(2)either . or .在连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须在人称和数上与靠近的主语保持一致。Either you or Tom has done it.不是你就是汤姆做了这件事。(连接并列主语)(3)either 的反义词为 neither，表示“(两者)都不”， neither . nor . 意为“既不也不”。Neither you nor he has made the mistake.犯错误的既不是你又不是他。即境活用2(2012新课标全国卷)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to, because they have work to do.Aeither BanyCneither Dnone解析：选C。考查代词。后半句句意：他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。对两者的全部否定用neither。.单词拼写1She can only give a vague (粗略的) description of her attacker.2Strikes by prison officers underline (突出)the need for reform in our gaols (监狱制度)3The procedure is quite straightforward (简单的)4He struck (击打) the table a heavy blow with his fist.5I cant read his handwriting (书法)6I made very thorough (详尽的) notes of the meeting.7He looked down at his long white delicate (纤细的) fingers.8He is sowing (播种) a plot of land with grass.完成句子1码头工人将举行罢工要求增加工资。The dockers are coming out on_strike for higher wages.2天气允许的话，我们不久就会回来。Well return by_and_by,_weather permitting.3我很快发现我在做的工作已经被别人干过了，换言之，我在浪费时间。I soon found that the work I was doing had been done by someone else in_other_words I was wasting time.4地板太脏了，你应该彻底打扫一下。The floor is so dirty and you should_clean_it_thoroughly.5这在英国是个受欢迎的款式，但是在美国却始终没有流行起来。It was a popular style in Britain but it never really caught_on in America.单项填空1(2010天津高考)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.Aare exhibitingBis exhibitingCare being exhibited Dis being exhibited解析：选C。本题考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。“民间艺术”和“展出”为动宾关系，应用被动语态，可排除A、B两项；C、D两项为现在进行时的被动语态，由arts可知C项正确。2The driver was at _ loss when _ word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.Aa; the B/; /Cthe; the Da; /解析：选D。at a loss “不知所措”； word 当“消息”讲时为不可数名词。3Mom, I still have an ache in my stomach.Dont worry. The pain will go away _.Aby the by Bby and largeCby and by Dby accident解析：选C。by and by “过一会儿，不久”； by the by “顺便说一下”； by and large “大体上”； by accident “偶然”。根据语境“别担心。疼痛一会儿就会消失的。”4Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to_them too hard.Adraw BstrikeCrush Dpush解析选D。考查动词辨析。句意：多鼓励孩子们去尝试新事物，但是尽量不要强迫他们。push含有“逼迫，敦促”之意。5Their _ grief turned to crazy laughter in a minute.Aapparent BcrazyCstable Dinvaluable解析：选A。句意：他们那假意的哀伤很快就变成了狂笑。apparent 表示“显然的，外观上的”。 crazy “疯狂的，狂热的”； stable “稳定的”； invaluable “极有用的”。6Billy is good, kind, hardworking and intelligent. _， I cant speak too highly of him.AIn a word BBy the wayCOn the whole DAs a result解析：选A。句意：比利是一个善良、友好、勤奋、聪明的人。总之，我对他评价再高不过了。in a word “总之”； by the way “顺便说一下”； on the whole “大体上”； as a result “结果”。7I was _ lost in the play last night. There was nothing like it.Athoroughly BpartlyCapparently Dhardly解析：选A。考查副词辨析。句意：昨晚我完全沉浸在这个戏剧之中，再没有比这更好的了。thoroughly“彻底地”；partly“部分地”；apparently“明显地”；hardly“几乎不”。8The game “Lucky Strike” suddenly seemed to _ and the kids in the neighborhood were all enjoying it.Atake on Bcatch onChold on Dcome on解析：选B。语意表示“街上的孩子个个都在玩Lucky Strike这个游戏”，由此判断答案为B。 catch on“流行起来”，符合句意。take on “呈现，承担”； hold on “别挂断；坚持住”； come on “快点”。9_ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.ASince BWhileCIf DAs解析：选B。句意：尽管他们所有的人都是很强的候选人，但是只有一个人会被入选这个职位。while在此表示“尽管”。10The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.Awhich BwhoseCwhen Dwhere解析：选B。考查定语从句。空前有逗号，且从句中缺定语，所以用whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 The school shop, 故答案为B。.阅读理解APublic bookshelves are appearing across Germany on street corners, city squares and in suburban supermarkets. In these freeforall libraries, people can grab whatever they want to read, and leave behind anything they want for others. Theres no need to register, no due date, and you can take or give as many as you want.“This project is aimed at everyone who likes to read. It is open for everybody，” Michael Aubermann, one of the organizers of the free book exchange said.The western citys latest public shelf was put up next to Bayenturm. It is the fourth free shelf that Aubermanns group, the Cologne Citizens Foundation, has placed outside. “We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and its been working really well，” said Aubermann. The public bookshelves, which are usually financed by donations and cared for by local volunteer groups, have appeared independently of each other in many cities, suburbs and villages. Each shelf holds around 200 books and it takes about six weeks for a complete turnover，with all the old titles replaced by new ones.Even commercial book stores and online book sellers seem to support the idea of free book exchanges. “We see this project rather as a sales promotion than as competition，” said Elmar Muether. “If books are present everywhere, it helps our business, too.”So far, the Cologne book group has had few problems with damage or other problems. Aubermann said, “Propaganda (宣传) is the only kind of literature we do not allow here.”At another bookshelf in the Bayenthal neighborhood, the lower shelves are reserved for childrens literature only. “It is important that we make it easy for everyone to participate in this reading culture on the street from old readers to kids to immigrants, ” Aubermann said.While most of the shelves have so far been put up in upscale_neighborhoods,_Aubermann and the 20 volunteers who help look after the project are planning to put up future shelves in poor neighborhoods, where citizens often dont have as much access to literature.语篇解读：在德国的城市街角、广场和郊区超市，一排排公共书架出现在人们的视野中。你可以随意取阅或捐赠图书。这项免费换书活动得到了人们的支持。1Which of the following is TRUE about the public bookshelves?APeople can take the books and leave their books at will.BPeople cant borrow books unless they donate books.CPeople can borrow whatever they like after registering.DPeople have to return the books according to the required time.解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“people can grab whatever they want to read, and leave behind anything they want for others. Theres no need to register, no due date, and you can take or give as many as you want.”可知，人们可以随意取阅或捐赠图书，不需要登记，也没有规定的还书时间。2According to Aubermann, the public bookshelves _.Aare financed by local volunteersBhave been going well since their birthCwere managed by the local governmentDwill hold more books and take a shorter turnover解析：选B。细节理解题。由第二段中的“We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and its been working really well”可知，公共书架自诞生以来运行良好。根据第二段第四句话可知A项错误，C、D两项文中没有信息支持。3The underlined phrase “upscale neighborhoods” refers to _.Acommunities that have many peopleBcommunities that have many tall buildingsCcommunities that are free to live inDcommunities that are of high grade解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据后面的 “poor neighborhoods” 的对比可知， upscale neighborhoods 指的是高档社区。4Which might be the best title for the passage?APublic Reading Becomes Popular WorldwideBNew Trends of Bookshelves in GermanyCPublic Bookshelves Spread Across GermanyDReading Culture on the Street in Europe解析：选C。标题概括题。综合本文内容可知，C项公共书架遍布德国最适合作为本文的标题。BParents are creating an “I want it now” generation by indulging childrens every demand at Christmas, say experts. Youngsters are becoming increasingly selfish, claim the education analysts.Consumersavvy children are forcing their families into racking up huge debts and risk becoming spoilt and dissatisfied in the future.Behavioural consultant Chris Calland said, “Parents are desperate to make Christmas into a magical fairy tale for their kids. Theres nothing wrong with that as such. The problem arises when it means always giving into all our childrens demands even if they are beyond our price range or not ageappropriate.”Ms. Calland, who runs “Santa Says No” style sessions with colleague Nicky Hutchinson, added, “Many of us go into so much debt providing the gifts our children want that we spend the rest of the year paying off the bills. Yet so often the parcels weve carefully wrapped, once opened, are just pushed away because the very thing our little boy or girl was once so desperate for, they have now lost interest in.”Ms.Calland and Ms. Hutchinson have drawn up a list of guidelines to help parents manage their offsprings Christmas lists this year. They say that adults can actually improve their relationships with their children by resisting“pester (纠缠) power”Ms. Calland said, “All too often we say yes because we want an easier life when the fact is that were only building up problems for the future. We are helping create a generation of youngsters who are blind to the needs of others and the necessity of hard work.”“Children learn fast if we sometimes change our mind, they quickly realise it might be worth lying on the floor and screaming for it. Make sure you and your partner are working together on this. B