商务英语写作第十章.ppt

商务英语写作,_Chapter Ten Business Document,1.What is Contract?,International sales and purchases are normally conducted through contracts, which are agreements reached between the two parties during a business transaction.,商品交易方面: 国际货物买卖合同 Contract for International Sale of Goods 成套设备进出口合同 Set Equipment Import and Export Contract 包销合同 Exclusive Sales Contract 委托代理合同 Agency by Mandate Contract 寄售合同 Consignment Contract 易货贸易合同 Barter Trade Contract 仓储保管合同 Warehouse Keeping Contract 补偿贸易合同 Compensation Contract,2 . Six Categories of International Business Contract,2. Six Categories of International Business Contract,国际合作方面: 工程合作合同 Construction Cooperation Contract 国际劳务合作合同 International Services Cooperation Contract 来料来样加工合同 Contract of Commission Processing 承揽合同 Contract of Project 加工装配合同 Assembling Contract 船舶修理合同 Ship Repair Contract 技术开发合同 Technology Development Contract 技术合作合同 Technology Cooperation Contract,国际合作方面: 技术引进合同 Technology Acquisition Contract 技术转让合同 Technology Transfer Contract 技术咨询合同 Technology Consultant Contract 技术使用许可合同 License Contract of the Technology Use 专利许可实施合同 Patent License Execution Contract 商标专利转让合同 Trademark Patent Transfer Contract,2. Six Categories of International Business Contract,2. Six Categories of International Business Contract,外国投资方面: 中外合资经营企业合同 Chinese-Foreign Joint Venture Contract 中外合作经营企业合同 Chinese-Foreign Contractual Enterprise Contract 合作生产合同 Co-operative Production Contract,2. Six Categories of International Business Contract,金融方面: 行业贷款合同 Trade Loan Contract 商业信用贷款合同 Commercial Credit Loan Contract 出口信用贷款合同 Export Credit Loan Contract 补偿贸易贷款合同 Compensation Trade Loan Contract 引进技术贷款合同 Technology Acquisition Loan Contract 进口设备贷款合同 Import of Equipment Loan Contract 基建工程项目贷款合同 Construction Project Loan Contract 专项贷款合同 Special Item Loan Contract,2. Six Categories of International Business Contract,租赁和保险方面: 国际租赁合同 International Leasing Contract 涉外担保合同 Foreign Warranty Contract 涉外保险合同 Foreign Insurance Contract,2. Six Categories of International Business Contract,运输方面: 国际海上货物运输合同 International Marine Cargo Transportation Contract 铁路货物运输合同 International Railway Transportation Contract 公路运输合同 International Road Transportation Contract 航空运输合同 International Air Freight Contract 邮政运输合同 International Post Transportation Contract 集装箱运输合同 International Container Transportation Contract,3.Major elements of a contract,Title of the contract Preamble of a contract a. date of signing b. signing parties c. place of signing,3. Body of a contract a. terms and conditions b. duration c. termination d. force majeure (不可抗力) f. arbitration (仲裁) g. jurisdiction (管辖权) h. amendment,3.Major elements of a contract,Conclusion of the contract a. concluding sentence b. signature,3.Major elements of a contract,4.Useful formal words,whereas = considering that 鉴于 whereby = by what, by which 凭那个 wherein = in what, in which 在那点上 whereof = of what, of which 关于那事 hereafter = after this 在下文 hereby = by means of this 特此 herein = in this 在此中 hereto = to this 对此,hereinbefore = in the preceding parts of this contract 在上文 hereof = of this 关于这点 thereto = to that 此外 thereof = of that 因此 thereafter = later in the same contract 在下文,4.Useful formal words,5. Main Points : 合计数字的表示,a. count+累积数字 b. come to+累积数字 count作动词用时，表示的主要含义是“数”、“计算”(compute)。如：Please count these cards for me. (请替我数一数这些卡片。) The losses counted five hundred dollars. 损失的数字总共为五百元。 It counts up to more than fifty dollars. 共计五十元以上。,5. Main Points : 合计数字的表示,come to + 累积数字 come是一个在表意上极为灵活的动词。作“总计”、“合计”时，必与to连用，且后面接的一定是数词，这一说法多见于口语。 The yearly steel output of our plant comes to a million tons. 本厂每年钢产量总计为100万吨。 These two items of expenditure come to thirty dollars. 两项开支共计三十元。,5. Main Points : Service,n. a.服务、贡献 His services to the country are immense. 他对国家的贡献是非常大的。 b.行政部门、服务机构、及其全体人员的总称。 例如： The job of the Fire Service is to put out fires. 消防局的任务是灭火。,5. Main Points : Service,c.(商品售后的)保养、维修，(饭店、旅馆等的)服务情况 Please send your car in for service every 3000 kilometers. 每行驶三千公里，请把你的汽车送厂检修。 The food is good at this hotel, but the service is poor. 这家饭店的菜饭很好，但服务情况很差。 d.劳务(复数) The value of a countrys goods and services is its GNP (gross national product). 一国的全部产品和劳务的总价值就是该国的国民生产总值。,5. Main Points : Service,adj. 服务的 Here is an all night service store. 这里是一家通宵服务商店。 有关service的短语 service charge (fee ) 服务费 service center 服务中心 service cost 劳务成本 service desk 服务台 service firm 服务性企业 service person 服务员,5. Main Points : Engage,vi. 从事于(与in连用) We engage in construction business in China. 我们在中国从事建筑业。 engagement 聘请，聘任期；约会；契约；债务(复数) The engagement of the managing director has been terminated. 这位总经理(常务董事)聘任期已满。 The two parties entered into an binding engagement for employment of 10 skilled workers. 双方订立了一份雇佣十名技术工人的契约。,5. Main Points : Law,用作可数名词，指某项或各项法律,与动词搭配 draft a law 起草法律 pass/adopt a law 通过法律 promulgate a law 颁布法律 enact/formulate/institute/make a law 制定法律 observe/obey/abide by a law 守法 break/violate/flout a law 犯法 execute/enforce/administer/apply a law 执行法律 annul/repeat/revoke a law 取消(废止)法律,5. Main Points : Law,用作不可数名词，表示法律通称或整体，其前常加定冠词；但表示法律学科或某类法律时，则不加定冠词。 business law 商业法 constitutional law 宪法 corporate law 合伙法 trademark law 商标法 labour law 劳动法 maritime law 海事法 audit law 审计法 insolvent law 破产法,5. Main Points : 人员,辨析personnel与person, labour, worker与staff personnel 是集合名词，以单数的形式表示复数，是任何团体的工作人员的总称，尤指各种的军事人员。 person 可指自然人(男人或女人)，也可指法人(legal person) labour 指工人，特别强调指从事体力劳动的工人。 worker 既可指劳工和技工，也可指脑力劳动工作者。 staff 指全体工作人员(其中不免也有工人，但主要是指“全体职员”)。,5. Main Points : 人员,During the contracted period, the contractor shall have the right to appoint personnel for departments of the Company and the Refinery. 在承包期间，外方有权委派本公司和炼油厂各个部门的人员。 Those persons and firms are licensed to produce licensed devices under patent. 兹许可这些法人和公司在专利证(的规定范围)下生产各种特许设备。 All shareholders are to be present in person or by proxy. 全体股东均须到会，由本人或全权代表出席。,5. Main Points : 人员,labour cost 人工成本，人工费 labour dispute 劳资纠纷，劳资争议 labour market 劳动力市场 labour and capital 劳方与资方 industrial workers 产业工人 skilled workers 熟练工人 a foreign trade workers 外贸工作人员 office workers 科室人