英语国家概况第四课爱尔兰概况TheRepublicofIreland.ppt

An Introduction to English-Speaking Countries 英语国家概括,张 学 力 QQ：1772708276 邮箱: 1772708276QQ.com,The republic of Ireland,Size: 70, 280 sqk Population: 4, 156, 000 Urbanization: 65% GDP: 204, 164 MUSD(42ed) GDP/capital: 38, 816 USD (12nd),National Symbols of Ireland,Green: Catholic Irishmen White: Protestant Irishmen Orange: friendship between Catholics and Protestants,Blue: Sea and Sky Angel Harp,National Flag,National Emblem,National Anthem,歌曲：影音文件 歌词：Word文档,Geographical Features,The coast of Ireland mostly consists of cliffs, hills and low mountains, while the interior of the country is relatively flat plain.,The Highest Peak in Ireland Carrantuohill,Carrantuohill in the county of Kerry is the highest peak in Ireland, rising to 1,041 meters above sea level.,Carrantuohill,The Longest River in Ireland the Shannon River 香农河,The Shannon River （370 km） divides the west of the island of Ireland from the east and south.,Climate in Ireland,The Republic of Ireland has a temperate maritime climate with excessive rainfall.,People in Ireland,The population of Ireland in 2008 is 6.2 million （approx. 1.8 million abroad）. The people in Ireland is mainly of Celtic origin. Ireland has a long history of emigration.,Languages in Ireland,The Irish and English are two official languages. Irish is the first official language according to the Constitution. English is by far the predominant language spoken throughout the country.,Religion,Ireland has one of the highest rates of church attendance in the world.,Ireland has one of the lowest divorce rates in the world.,History,Early History Process toward Independence Republic of Ireland,Early History,Early Settlers The Celts The Coming of Christianity Ireland as Part of Britain,Early Settlers,7000 BC Mesolithic or middle Stone Age Hunter-gatherers from Britain 3000 BC Neolithic or new Stone Age Farmers raising animals and cultivating soil 2000-1200 BC Bronze Age Prospectors and metal workers,The Celts,In the 6th century BC, the Celtic tribes invaded Ireland and established a unified Irish culture and language.,The Coming of Christianity,Christianity was introduced into Ireland by Saint Patrick in 432. Ireland became a center of learning and Christian culture.,Ireland as Part of Britain,The Normans invaded Ireland in the 10th century. In 1541, Henry declared himself King of Ireland. In 1800, the Act of Union created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.,Process toward Independence,Easter Uprising of 1916 Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 Irish Civil War (1922-1923),Easter Uprising of 1916,In 1916, the Irish rebelled against British rule on Easter. The actual revolt resulted in defeat, however, the rebels were regarded as heroes to the cause of Irish Freedom.,Sinn Fein,Sinn Fein was founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith. The party strongly opposed British rule and fought for self-government.,After the Easter Rebellion of 1916, Sinn Fein won majority seats allotted to Ireland in the British Parliament.,Irish War of Independence,In 1919, the Sinn Fein refused to take their seats in the British Parliament and proclaimed an independent Irish Republic.,1919-1921, Irish War of Independence was fought between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the British government.,The Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921,26 counties in the south gained independence as Irish Free State. 6 counties in the north remained as part of the United Kingdom.,Irish Civil War,The divergence between the pro-treaty and anti-treaty factions resulted in a bloody Irish Civil War (28 June 1922 24 May 1923).,Republic of Ireland,In 1949, Ireland declared itself a republic, completely independent of Britain and no longer a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.,Republic of Ireland,In 1949, Ireland declared itself a republic, completely independent of Britain and no longer a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.,Republic of Ireland,President of Ireland, who serves as head of state, is elected for a seven-year term and can be re-elected only once.,Mary McAleese 1997-2011,Political Leaders,Enda Kenny Taoiseach since 9th, Mar 2011,Brian Cowen took office on 7 May 2008, Fianna Fil party,Irish Nobel Literary Laureates,W. B. Yeats (1865-1939 ),G. Bernard Shaw (1856-1950 ),Samuel Beckett (1906-1989 ),Seamus Heaney (1839- ),Beautiful Landscape Sceneries Makes Ireland an Attraction for Film-Shooting,King Arthur Brave Heart The Wind That Shakes the Barl