Onresearchproposalwritinganddefense论开题报告的写作.pptVIP

On research proposal writing and defense 论开题报告的写作与答辩,刘绍忠 教育研究哲学/北卡大学 语用学文学博士/广东外语外贸大学 2012年12月12日,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,1,什么是开题报告？,1。教育意义 1）开题报告，是本科生教育阶段的一项重要知识内容和技能训练环节，是未来公民和领袖所必须具备的学术素养和独立地和创造性地工作的基本本领。 2）高级人才不仅要善于学习知识，而且责无旁贷地生产知识。学习和生产都离不开研究。 3）通过开题报告的写作，学会谦虚、谦卑、敬重他人、尊重知识、诚实做人。 4）通过开题报告的写作，进一步调整学习计划、方法和策略；深深体会“终生学习”的重要性和必要性。,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,2,2。管理意义 1）本科生阶段的教育和学历，是人类迄今为止可以为公民所提供的最正规和最好的教育和学历之一。 2）对个人和培养单位来说，开题报告是保证扩招后教育教学质量的一种有效的管理机制。 3）立志拿下学士学位的学生不仅是学习的主人，更是读书和做学问的主人。作为主人，每人可以也应该追求个性化的成才计划，包括修什么方向？修哪些课程？何时完成学业？等等。对培养单位来说，多培养人才，快速培养人才，培养好人才，是一条基本的信条。,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,3,4）通过开题报告的写作，学会管理时间，提升与学者交际的能力，学会建立和经营社会和人际关系。 5）通过开题报告，发现个体间的差异和因材施教、因材施导的意义，因而鼓励学生在学术上的竞争，通过竞争来激励学生奋发向上，快速成长。 6）学院今后会采取“成熟一个，开题一个”的办法，不搞一哄而起的计划性开题。同样，对开题后的论文，也采取“完成一个，答辩一个”的办法，从根本上调动大家的积极性和自觉性。 7）开题和答辩公开化和学术报告化，以海报的形式公示，以学术演讲形式展开，给学生更多的学术锻炼和提升自己知名度的机会。,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,4,3。方向意义 1）以学士学位论文为目的的开题报告，是本科生第一次正式地向学术界宣告自己已经积淀的学术兴趣和准备攻克某个领域难题的学术志向的宣言书。一般而言，这个宣言书，可能会影响一个人的今后若干年甚至一辈子的学术研究。 2）开题报告会上，导师们（往往是今后论文答辩的主要成员）会对学生的选题及研究设计提出各种建设性的思想，这是学生一次难得的学习机会，甚至可以说是本科生阶段结束前除了答辩外最后一次较好的学习机会，每个人一定要珍惜这次机会。,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,5,3）正是由于这是一次有培养单位的教授们 向学生指导的机会，老师们的集体意见， 就是今后学生做论文的路线图和一份很严 肃的学术合同，原则上不能再改动。一般 情况下，改题、改方向必须重新开题。 4）开题报告通过后，论文写作的工作大致 得了三分之一。正因为这样，导师和学生 会为此而高兴，因为师生前期的合作已经 在小范围内得到同行们的肯定。,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,6,开题报告答辩怎么写？,开题报告的组成部分： 开题报告的内容一般包括： 1）题目 2）提要 3）立论依据 4）研究方案 5）条件分析,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,7,以上5项内容，将基本与论文终稿的以下部分对应： 1）Title (题目及封面页) 2）Chapter 1 Introduction (第一章 引言) 3）Chapter 2 Review of related literature (第二章 文献述评) 4）Chapter 3 Method of study (第三章 研究方法) 5）References (参考文献),12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,8,故，一份理想的开题报告，就是（或者已经是）论文终稿的前三章。换言之，当开题的时候，论文已经完成2/3了！,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,9,题目的写作及其注意事项 1、选题：合适原则及其3准则 Principles are what regulate human behaviors or what bind us in practice or what we basically follow our pursuit of life. A working principle in topic-choosing is appropriateness, which exhibits 3 concrete features: currency, novelty, doability. 选题要合适得体，要求有时代性、创新性、可做性。,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,10,时代性准则：Mount on a topic that is of current interest. For publication purposes, write on a topic addressing the concerns of both a journals readers and publishers, i.e., the marketability aspect of consideration.,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,11,创新性准则：Ride on a topic that is in line with the authors professional knowledge or one that coincides with the authors permanent academic interest. Topics aligned with the authors concentration or expertise are easier for the author to relate and assert new visions from the perspective of theories or concepts familiar to the author. This dictates the originality aspect of consideration.,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,12,可做性准则：Choose a topic that is within the interest as well as current ability or identity of the author. Choose a topic that is narrow enough for you to handle. Topics that demand resources, material or temporal, out of availability or away from the authors role as a social being constitute difficulties. This reflects the doability aspect of consideration,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,13,2、表述：概括原则及其3准则 题目是毕业论文中心思想的高度概括，要求准确、规范、简洁。 准确准则：准确地将自己拟好的题目意思表达出来，表作者的意图表达出来。把可能引起歧义的词统统移除。 规范准则：根据业内规范，将所要研究的问题的深度和广度，性质和范围，实验处理因素、受试对象及实验效应等，认真概括；用词造句要科学，符合学术规范和行业语言惯例。 简洁准则：一要用尽可能少的文字表达题目意思，二要对选择的词有所筛选，把不做贡献的词一一删去。,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,14,2个检测工具,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,15,In terms of themes: mono-element topic, dyadic relation topic, triadic relation topic -a topic of mono-relation (such as What is pragmatics? A linguistic perspective into the teachers language ) -a topic of dyadic relation (such as topic Grammar and FL teaching, Chinas entry into the WTO and its impact on FL teaching ) - a topic of triadic relation (such as Language, thought and culture, Language, culture and FL teaching),12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,16,In terms of length: -the length consideration: usually a topic should be as concise, short and clear as possible. -16 words,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,17,提要的写作及其注意事项 所谓“提要”，有时候也叫做“内容提要”，英文里叫做synopsis，就是指对所要研究的对象和内容的扼要提及和简明介绍。 “提要”，是专门针对论文和书的写作计划提出的要求，往往在作者向委员会提交论文开题报告、或向出版社提交选题计划，等时候一并提交。,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,18,“提要” = “摘要”（abstract）吗？功能相当，但概念不一。如果说，论文的写作是由许多步骤或阶段构成的过程的话，还处于计划阶段或者说在考虑开题报告的时候，对所研究的对象和内容的（预测性）提及或介绍，就是“提要”；当处于计划实施完毕的时候，对所研究的对象和内容的（回顾性）提及或介绍，就叫做“摘要”。,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,19,Culture of “Synopsis” writing,A neat statement of purpose. Neatly spread out to committee members authors research intent and rough roadmap to the said intent. Include 4 elements: 1) openly indicate what the author (will) probe into;2) discuss why this is important or significant; 3) depicts how the author proceeds; 4) assures self and others some basic conditions to start with the project.,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,20,Ideally the 4 elements concur or are simultaneously mentioned, but unlikely. But minimum elements are: 1) and 3), namely the “what” and “how” components. Linguistic patterns (plain style, present or future tense, verbs depicting future action, such as will study, probe into, attempt at or aim at an understanding of, etc. are used). Length: 2-4 lines of 20-60 words! Keywords: 3-5; no more than 8.,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,21,“引言”的写作及其注意事项 这里说的“引言”，其实就是今后论文终稿（finalized version of writing）的“第一章” In essence, “Introduction” paves the way or prepares the audience (your adviser or committee) For that purpose, be straightforward instead of beating around the bushes; otherwise, the audience will lose interest or be misled at the very start. Begin the first line by saying “This is an explicit study of ,” “This project considers ,” “This paper probes into ,” etc. Define words or concepts that are differently or seldom in daily life; use plain words and short sentences.,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,22,Culture of “Introduction” writing,Basically, an introduction explains what and why. Major contents, by form of subheadings, include: 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Significance 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Layout,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,23,“文献述评” 的写作及其注意事项 “文献述评”有时候也叫做“相关文献述评”，即：review of related literature。 其实，“文献述评”就是今后论文终稿（finalized version of writing）的“第二章”。 Literature = 1）文学；2）（学科的）文学；（从事某一学科或领域研究必须阅读的）文献；3）文学和文献都属于已经出版的文字。 相关 = 按照研究的严肃性、权威性、先进性，文献 = 盲审杂志 + 经典论文/专著；外国语言文学研究尤其要参考外语的文献！ 述评 = 叙述 + 评论,12/23/2012,Lectures on Degree Paper Writing,24,Culture of “Related literature review” writing,Chronological presentation and analysis of related studies Thematic presentation and analysis of related studies Synthesizing related works Summarizing themes of related works Analyzing methods in related works Outlining major findings and gaps of related studies Pre