朝鸣春晓- 浙江省嘉兴市南湖春晓小区规划及建筑设计【建筑工程毕业说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】.zip
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建筑工程毕业说明书论文开题报告外文翻译
朝鸣春晓- 浙江省嘉兴市南湖春晓小区规划及建筑设计【建筑工程毕业说明书论文开题
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朝鸣春晓- 浙江省嘉兴市南湖春晓小区规划及建筑设计【建筑工程毕业说明书论文开题报告外文翻译】.zip,建筑工程毕业说明书论文开题报告外文翻译,朝鸣春晓- 浙江省嘉兴市南湖春晓小区规划及建筑设计【建筑工程毕业说明书论文开题
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毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述： 本项目为浙江省嘉兴市南湖春晓小区规划及建筑设计。本次设计为了满足现代生态设计趋势，体现人与自然的和谐共处，拟按照以下五点设计原则开展设计.第一，以浙江省嘉兴市南湖春晓小区的总体规划及控制性详细规划和设计规范为依据，采用生态化的设计方法和理念，建设一个以科学生态、健康、自然的以 “空中花园”“屋顶森林”“屋顶游园”的住宅居住环境, 促进人居环境的可持续发展。第二，随着城市的快速发展，时代的变迁和社会的进步导致城镇居民生活需求发生了翻天覆地的变化，居住区的建设力度也随之加大，因此结合当地的人文气息，地域特性，生态条件，气候特点及经济城市飞跃发展的节奏，建设以生活，居住，生态，景观为主的多维空间。第三，建设具有较高水平的现代居住小区绿色空间环境，以达到改善城市生态质量和人居环境的目的.。第四，在人与自然相互依存的条件下，开拓人与自然充分亲近的休憩生活境域，使久居闹市的居民获得重返自然的身心享受。第五，充分利用小区内的有限空间，以点、线、面的设计组合，体现住宅布局既统一又不失活跃，绿色景观环境具有节奏和韵律感，及水域循环涌动，立于稳定又有生命力的生活空间。 对于居住区规划及建筑设计，我们知道随着城市建设的不断加快，对居住区的建筑进行规划设计已经收到越来越多的影响。通过设计规划，能够使居住区空间被充分的利用起来，使建筑整体呈现更好的风貌。而居住区就是城市中在空间上相对独立的各种类型和各种规模的生活居住用地，居住区规划就是在这些用地上根据计划任务和城市现状，进行城市用地的综合性设计工作，然后按照建筑任务将建筑物进行建筑设计。从而使建筑与环境完美的结合在一起。 纵观国内外的居住区规划和建筑设计，早在18世纪下半叶爆发的工业革命引发了城市形态的重大变革，人口向城市大规模聚集，城市的迅速膨胀打破了传统城市以家庭经济为中心的城市格局。城市中出现了前所未有的大片工业区、商贸区、工人住宅区以及仓储区等职能区划，城市结构和规模都发生了急剧的改变。同时城市人口爆炸，居住条件恶劣等问题日益严重，出现了一系列被称为城市病的复杂城市问题。为了根治城市病，19世纪末以功能主义和机器美学原理为基础的城市理论应运而生。到20世纪20年代，在CIAM的推动和雅典宪章的倡导下，城市逐步脱离古典主义传统，向功能主义形体化方向迈进。 雅典宪章强调城市明晰的结构组织，注重功能分区与用途纯化，追求统一的视觉空间秩序，将城市机械地分割为四项基本功能，即居住、工作、交通和游憩，强调城市中不同功能的分区布局，再以交通网彼此联系。雅典宪章的基本原则和精神实质在城市形态上表现为各城市功能被交通线划分成具有严整几何性的功能分区，形体环境秩序井然。同时城市结构以纵向的树形结构形成等级化的组织体系，即按照严格的递增等级来组织城市。城市的基本组成单元是：1. 近百家住宅组成一个邻里单元；2. 几个邻里单元围合成一个邻里单位（以一个小学的服务面积控制规模），中间是邻里单位的中心；3.城市结构表现为由大至小等级化梯度形成的中心体系（城市中心、城市次中心等）组织的城市空间，同时城市道路也根据各中心的等级相应呈等级化的梯度变化。二次大战以后以这种组织结构规划的城市及城区大量出现，尤其在新建城市，如以英国哈罗新城为代表的新城建设及巴西利亚的规划和建设中，这种等级化的城市组织结构和功能空间划分的特征非常鲜明地体现出来。邻里单位是由美国建筑师佩里（C.Perry）于1929年提出的居住空间组织方式。它以一个小学的合理规划为基础控制邻里单位的人口规模（大约居住1000户），以四周的交通道路为边界，形成不被外界交通穿越的、内设必要公用设施的、日照通风景观条件良好的居住空间。邻里单位模式产生于功能主义形体规划观为主流思潮的背景下，与功能主义等级化城市具有同构关系，邻里单 位模式的确立为等级化的城市组织结构提供了基础。作为城市居住空间的组织方式，邻里单位体现了雅典宪章所倡导的功能主义原则，本身的组织结构也呈现等级化：邻里单位中的服务设施独立于居中的位置，并以其服务面积控制着邻里单位的居住人口规模；居住空间的功能被划分为住宅、道路、绿化、服务设施，彼此功能划分明确、空间互不交叉；邻里单位内部道路宽度、绿化面积、服务设施规模也从邻里单位向邻里单元呈等级化递减；对于建筑形体环境，住宅的高度、日照、间距、朝向、建筑密度等都通过精心的设计达到理性的结果。邻里单位模式的出现，改变了工业革命后住宅街坊中的拥护、恶劣的居住环境，并以新的居住模式对应汽车交通时代的客观条件，其在当时的进步意义是不可忽略的。 在邻里单位被广泛采用的同时，前苏联等国家提出了扩大街坊的组织形式，我国许多小区也属于这种形式，这种规划原则与邻里单位十分相似，但在空间布局上邻里单位比强调轴线构图和周边布置的扩大街坊要自由活泼些。 随着战后各国经济的恢复和科学技术的迅速发展，为适应人民生活水平不断提高的要求，居住区规划有进一步总结和提高了居住小区和新村的组织形式，使邻里单位和扩大街坊理论又进一步得到充实和完善。 现代交通的发展要求进一步加大干道间距，住宅建设规划的空前发展，住宅层数因用地紧张而不断增高：城市交通因城市规模的不断扩大和由于过分强调城市规划的功能分区，使工作和居住地点分布不合理而越来越紧张：城市旧居住区改建的特殊性以及居住区自给自足的生活服务设施在经济上的低效益，因而出现了 “居住区”、“综合居住区”等多种规划组织形式。 综上所述，居住区规划组织形式的演变经历了从小到大、从简到繁、从低到高的变化过程，今后还将随着社会经济、生产和生活方式的变化而变化。 而中国城市居住空间的组织模式的原型来自邻里单位模式，不论是1950年代完整模仿邻里单位以及苏联的居住街坊模式，还是1960年代基于邻里单位模式发展起来的居住小区规划理论，亦或1980年代以后随着国家试点小区的推行和成熟，居住空间逐步形成小区组团院落的三级组织结构以及通过对三级结构的改良形成的小区院落的二级组织结构，居住空间的组织模式本身并没有脱离邻里单位模式的基本原则和组织方式，即以一个小学的服务人口限定居住空间的人口规模，以公共设施服务半径限定居住空间的用地规模，小区内只容纳单一的居住功能；小区内呈等级化的组织结构等等。居住小区模式正借目前大规模住宅建设的东风在中国城市中被普遍使用着。虽然对于居住区的发展很快但是我国在居住区规划上还存在很多问题，随着城市化进程的大大提升，很多建筑规范不达标。而且在土地资源上和能源耗费等方面付出了巨大代价，缺乏合理的规划导致居住区的设计非常不合理。对于场地竖相和挡光间距，配套公建和停车场设计方面过于懈怠。所以面临这些问题我们要学会在城市快速发展的同时，要正确进行规划，努力打造理想的生态小区。 因此我们需要在居住区规划时应该记住以下五点方面：1、小区规划应注重人文环境2、小区规划应注重生态环境的保护3、小区规划应注重功能分区的组合 4、小区规划应注重安全防卫的设置5、小区规划应注重服务系统的完善。从而遵从以下五点建议：1、居住小区空间布局合理化、科学化2、居住小区的建筑设计与环境的组合应凸显文化内涵，表现丰富的、有特色的主题。3、努力建设生态环境系统。4、美化住区景观系统，建设山水住区。5、交通道路应合理分流，减少对居住小区的影响。如果能长期发展下去，那么理想的生态小区将会在不久的将来遍地开花。 最终本项目浙江省嘉兴市南湖春晓居住小区规划，这对于新城区规划建设有着十分重要的意义。在生态小区的规划、设计和建设过程中，应着重体现人与人、人与自然和谐共处、相互共存的思想，力求创造一种生态平衡、和谐融洽的生活氛围。良好的居住区环境不仅有利于居住区环境的美化，更能提高居民生活情趣，目前有关居住区环境问题的研究很多，但是缺乏系统性，因此针对新时期居住区环境景观设计,居住区环境建设建立在生态性原则的基础上，有利于居住区自我维持、自我更新能力的全面提高，资源的高效利用率，从而创造一个自然和人类健康共存的生态型住区环境。目前，就诸多居住小区千篇一律的追求和看重户型、面积、采光及地理位置。从而很大程度上忽视居住区的空间环境，景观环境的营造和设计。因此，其意义有，一是，本项目的规划设计和实施本着能满足于现代和未来人类及城市发展对城市居住空间所需求的实质性和向往性及土地资源的有限去综合考虑，针对居住小区户外景观而言, 只有自始至终贯彻生态的原则, 运用科学适宜的生态化的设计手法, 才能创造出适应未来的可持续的居住环境, 真正实现生态住区。二是，本项目的实施不仅符合现代城市居住区的发展走向，还在相应的程度上打破了以往的千篇一律。三是，可以对已建或未建的居住小区有或多或少的正面指引。同时使得居住于此的人们能够在居住区就能享受和亲近于自然鸟语花香，绿树成荫，碧水蓝天.参考文献： 1.郑俊敏.城市园林式景观小区规划设计研究J. 建材与装饰. 2015(51):14-16 2.尹效荣.浅谈城市住宅建筑及其规划设计J. 城市建筑. 2013(02)：30-32 3.李爱生.住宅小区规划设计探讨J. 中国新技术新产品. 2012(05)：16-18 4.徐凯.住宅建筑规划设计的探讨J. 江西建材. 2011(04)：20-22 5.廖深福.对城市住宅小区规划设计分析探讨J. 科技创新与应用. 2014(32)：22-24 6.焦胜,邱灿红等.可持续居住区规划与设计M.北京:中国建筑工业出版社，2010. 7.柯雄斌,贾永强.现代居住小区规划设计理念探析以咸宁潭惠小区规划设计为例J. 中外建筑. 2010(05)：30-33 8.马璎.城市住宅小区规划的主要内容J. 建设科技. 2014(10)：10-12 9.费卫东居住区景观规划设计的发展演变J.华东建筑.2010(8)：23-25. 10.刘其勇.探讨住宅小区规划设计的要求J. 建筑知识. 2010(S2)：12-14.11.王菲菲.住宅小区规划设计的主题与文化J. 科技资讯. 2014(05)：20-22. 12.丁沃沃.新老建筑的协调与共生 J.时代建筑.2011(3)：30-33. 13.牛完屯.住宅小区规划设计中存在的问题及解决策略J. 山西建筑. 2016(01)：16-18. 14.孙福静.浅探住宅小区规划与景观环境设计J. 山西师范大学学报(自然科学版). 2011(S1)：20-22. 15.董玉君,徐进.现代住宅小区规划设计探讨J. 黑龙江科技信息. 2013(19)：11-13. 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 1，研究的问题或解决的问题 为了完成以“生态居住区为源”借俊俏秀丽的山峰和巴比伦的空中花园为设计意向而打造“空中花园”“屋顶森林”及“屋顶游园”的高品质的“绿色住宅”为设计理念。完美结合了以生态为主的设计思想、营造新时代的居住空间、以有限的空间创造无限的景观、有利改善土地可利用资源的紧缺。2，研究的途径2.1、分析该项目所处地理条件、气候特点，、历史文化及人文气息，运用科学合理的生态化规划设计手法。2.2、居住小区总体规划设计。2.3、分析其气候特点，恰当选配植物，力求符合生态可持续发展战略。2.4、居住小区整体景观设计。（绿化景观，水体景观，文化景观）2.5、小区的道路交通及停车场设计。（地上停车场、地下停车场）2.6、住宅户型设计选择。 3，研究的方法 1、调查法：对于生态住宅在功能、节能、心理、生理与情感等方面的适应性以及生态小区在布局结构、公建系统、道路系统、绿化系统等相关问题进行调查。2、文献研究法：搜集和整理国内外有关居住小区景观设计和生态学知识的专著及理论成果, 借鉴其成功经验, 为本次研究做好理论铺垫。3、实地调研法：对本地部分居住小区进行实地考察, 真实地反映出小区景观设计目前存在的种种问题。掌握基础资料地理位置、地形地貌、土壤情况、气候气候情况等, 作为实例研究的可靠素材。4、归纳总结的方法：对收集的基础资料和调研成果进行系统的归纳、分析、整理, 提出现代小区景观设计所应遵循的生态原则, 并系统全面地总结出小区景观生态化的方法, 为实例应用提供理论指导。毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：文献综述结合设计主题展开，阐述结合实例具有启发性，通过案例分析，最终提出了本次设计的理念和原则，总体较好。2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：本课题深度适宜，广度和工作量适中，应该可以按期保证质量完成，争取达到优秀毕业设计水平。 3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意 指导教师： 2016 年 02 月 20 日所在专业审查意见：符合要求，审核通过。 负责人： 2016 年 02 月 20 日Planning and Design of Association Space of residential AreaMichael Pacione 2013（3）- 爱思唯尔期刊0foreword As the housing system reform and the rapid development of real estate, urban residential areas large urban settlements have emerged on the layout of residential buildings, public buildings, public green space, life and living facilities such as roads, to provide urban residents live in the community and The establishment, is an integral part of the city. Exchanges between the living room area residents is to communicate and exchange of indoor and outdoor space. At this stage, peoples living standards greatly improved the living environment of continuous improvement district. Developers should not only focus on residential construction and the reasonable comfort, paying greater attention to the construction of residential environment. However, the current environment in the construction of residential areas, they are often the natural ecology of greening the environment is much more to consider, and the promotion of exchanges between the residents of the space environment to consider less, environmental construction can not meet the occupants of the psychological characteristics and needs. From the basic physiological needs gradually to meet the psychological and cultural fields of promoting a higher level, the residential area is not only the function of living, but also peoples thinking and feelings of the local exchange. Therefore, the strengthening of exchanges between the residential areas of space construction, increase residential neighbourhood affinity, should be developed in the planning and construction of residential areas should also consider the issue. How to conduct exchanges between the residential areas of space planning and design, improve peoples quality of life, the author of his own real estate development experience and try to contact the living room area of need, level of functionality for a review. 1residential district-level exchanges between the space of The living space planning and construction in accordance with people at different times, different locations, different activities in different levels of privacy, can be divided into private space, semi-private room, semi-public space, public space, the formation of four space-related fields. The level and the field of space will help create a sense of belonging among the residents and enhance the interaction and pro-neighborhood and. People from the private space into the public space, is a gradual process. In this process, after all the residents of different levels of outdoor space, making contacts to become a necessity. 2.1 residential building space to create exchanges Dwellers in privacy is assured and meet under the premise of hope neighbourhood close, harmonious and to mutual exchanges and contacts. Therefore, the need to have exchanges between the space settings, and create a way as follows: 2.11 expand the staircase depth Staircase is home residents in the buffer space, but also public housing tenants upstairs room at the break. The platform is too small to affect the length of stay of residents, not conducive to the exchanges between the residents. Expand the staircase depth, increase platform space, will increase their contacts, exchanges of opportunity. 2.12 set up home gardens Garden is home residents into the indoor space for the transition, here, achieved a semi-private room for the transition to private space, residents here can support grass flowers, reception guests. Nanjing-day Hong Villa-home platform into the home in the Garden set up a grill door, both outdoor green landscape will be conducted to the interior of the extension, for two people through the grille gate to create an opportunity for exchange. 2.13 expand the unit foyer area Unit in the entrance foyer area and configure the appropriate expansion of some facilities such as rest stool, reading Baolan, a resident contacts, rest places, and units of the immediate household contacts. Conditional foyer can also do a lobby for households in this exchange, chat. 2.14 bottom overhead Residential Design for the elevated bottom of open space and ensure the smooth flow of green space on the ground. Supported by flowers, Zuodeng facilities as residents of rest, such as chat room, and in connection with outdoor landscape, easy to create a good atmosphere for exchanges. Even rainy day also will not be affected, adding unlimited life for fun. 2.15 set-Gallery - Gallery of traditional Chinese architecture is a form of construction, is a form can be effective in promoting exchanges between the people of the fun of space incentives, are widely used in modern residential design, such as the Osmanthus Hangzhou City District, Guangzhou Zhuyun Villa And so on. Gallery-factor here is traffic, and the exchange of places, played a role in the integration of the adjacent space, people can chat here, the sun, and so on. 2.16 exchanges of high-rise building The rising high-rise building in the physical environment restrictions on the freedom of the people exchanges, to reduce contact between the residents, the elderly rest, the lack of childrens play space. Therefore, the high-rise building in the interval to set up a number of similar exchanges in the Chamber of good will to solve these problems. In this way, for the elderly in the rest of the space, to provide children with a playground, and the promotion of social interaction among residents. 2.17 Roof Garden On the platform set up in the roof garden, an increase of green space, was restored to the construction of the ground. People in this walk, fitness, chat, natural contact, an increase of exchanges between the residents of places to create a multi-level exchanges between the space. 220 yards, a delegation of the association space To achieve effective settlements between the groups and the exchanges have recognized the need for clear and appropriate areas of the border and logo. Chinas traditional courtyard space is part of building space, the area is a strong sense of space and border patterns, the neighbourhood is to increase exchanges and contacts between the effective means. Beijing Da Zayuan the old mode of living, residents of harmonious relations in harmony, a human face. Renowned architect Wu Liangyong design of the Beijing-ju infants alley, inheritance and development of this form of living. Shanqiang residential use of the wrong column, platform height difference, changes in residential space, residential settings between Lianlang, plants of the tube, creating a siege without closure, without dredging through the group space and formed a semi-private, semi-public The field of space. In the courtyard between the layout Zuodeng, the elderly here Xiejiao, Cuxitanxin, no longer feel lonely: reserve some space, children play in the home, mothers can be seen here in the kitchen, children no longer worried about the safety of: Members of mutual Reference , And mutual exchanges, and exchanges are deep-seated. Not only enhance the feelings and prevent the formation of a collective consciousness, to effectively prevent the destruction and crime, security, have been protected. So that more people can enjoy the environmental landscape comfort, more and more developers are good attention to the landscape of the building. Pichu in the group in a space, as a delegation of the public landscape. However, they often re-design of visual effect light social effect. Although the construction of a large number of hardware shops, flower beds, shrubs planted Joe, it lacks some residents to promote exchanges between the rest of the shelters, chairs, and affected the exchanges between the extension of the neighbourhood. Therefore, the delegation landscape in the strengthening of public infrastructure construction, and create a space for exchanges, will promote exchanges between the residents of outreach. 2.3 exchanges between the public spaces to create space By the semi-public space to public space, people exchanges between the exchanges from the neighbourhood to the public exchanges, contacts between the characteristics of exchanges between the decision to create a space for the different practices. 2.3.1 open space for public relations Residential area of central green space is often the area of public venues, as shared by the entire population, is the residential area of the living room. Here, residents of various gatherings, community activities, fitness. Open space should be designed, without borders and at the same time, various groups in the residential area green space to the center of the road, should be easily accessible, guide the people into public space, to participate in contacts and exchanges. 2.3-2 and landscape combine Pieces Residential area of landscape and peoples exchanges with the interaction between people in the landscape before the stop watch, the exchanges have the desire, with the landscape, more full of vigor. Therefore, public exchanges between the space and landscape Pieces should be combined, such as sculpture on the square, around the fountain Waterscape layout Zuodeng, people appreciate the side of sculpture, fountain, while exchanges and reduce the distance between people. At the same time should play a guiding role in the landscape, emphasizing participation, attractive to flow through the landscape, gathering popularity. 2 exchanges between the living room area of the building features Different groups of people because of their age, occupation, cultural background of different exchanges of the functions of space have different needs. According to the characteristics of different populations and demand for space contacts between the different functions of the building, creating a different theme of space, will help attract people from outside, spontaneous interaction. 3.1 exchanges between the functions of space and building occupants should be suited to the age structure Children naturally active, have a strong sense of curiosity, games and more activities for climbing, jumping, leisure, such as Xishua. Therefore, the venue should be set up in the slides, swings, Leisure Pool, bunkers and other facilities, taking into account the needs of adults to care for children, some blocks in the surrounding layout stool. On the one hand, children in the game was physical and mental exercise, on the other hand, care for the children of people have been exchanges. Young people like sports. Therefore, in order to increase the sports facilities, planning to basketball courts, tennis courts and other sports space. However, it should be far from some residential, so as to avoid interference on the daily life of residents. Like the elderly in the early morning fitness, such as doing Qigong, a tai chi, like the rest of the time playing chess, play cards, chat, Yangniao such activities. Therefore, to make space in the small square, booths, equipped with Taiwan, tables, chairs and other facilities. 3.2 exchanges between the space to take into account the function of building barrier-free facilities layout Exchanges between the living room area is a complex environment, including roads, green space, Pieces, facilities and other environmental factors. Exchanges between the functions of building space in addition to meet the normal use, should give full consideration to the disabled, the elderly vulnerable groups, such as the use of a barrier-free design. Barrier-free environment of space means exchanges with no obstruction and dangerous. If the import unit designed around 1.5 m x 1.5m above the level of space for wheelchair users stay; unit foyer reserved space for wheelchairs and Childs vehicles to facilitate wheelchair and Childs vehicles stored: in public relations to the road space On both sides, who set up blind road trip on the trail for the blind walking: the sidewalk in the end, a height difference of the junction, a height difference of public platform set up the ramp for wheelchair users access; elderly morning exercises in the square, as far as possible Be flat no height difference, the use of anti-skid surfacing materials: children playing in the park, the use of soft mats and safety warning signs in different exchanges of space, by setting up the Pieces and personalized theme sculpture, to enhance space And the recognition of sexual orientation, and so on. 3 Conclusion In residential areas of planning and construction, we must be people-centered, according to create a functional level and living space area contacts at all levels, from the psychological and physical needs of starting, through the space environment to create, create a positive, healthy exchanges between the atmosphere, Residential area into a harmonious family homes. Meanwhile, the exchanges between the living room area of thinking and innovation, and developers need to continue to carry out exploration. 中文译文居住区交往空间规划与设计米迦勒帕斯内 2013（3）爱思唯尔期刊前言 随着住房制度的改革和房地产业的迅猛发展，城市居住区大量涌现城市居住区集中布置了居住建筑、公共建筑、公共绿地、生活性道路等居住设施 ，为城市居民提供生活居住和从事社会活动的场所 ，是城市的有机组成部分。居住区交往空间是居民进行沟通与交流的户内、户外空间。 现阶段，人们的生活水平大大提高，居住区环境得到不断改善。开发者不仅要注重住宅建筑的合理与舒适 ，更要注重居住区环境的建设。然而，目前在居住区环境建设中，他们往往对 自然生态的绿化环境考虑得多，而对促进居民交往的空间环境考虑得少，环境建设不能满足居住者的心理特征和需求。从基本生理需求的满足逐步向心理与文化领域的更高层次推进 ，居住区不单是居住的功能,同时也是人们思想与情感交流的地方。因此 ，加强居住区交往空间建设，增进居住区的邻里亲和力，应是开发者在居住区规划建设应同时考虑的问题。如何进行居住区交往空间的规划与设计，提高人们的生活质量，笔者结合自己的房产开发经验，试对居住区交往空间的必要性、层次性、功能性作一综述。 一 居住区交往空间的层次性居住空间的规划与建设根据人们在不同时间、不同地点、不同活动中不同程度的私密性,可划分为私密空间 、半私密空间、半公共空间、公共空间，形成四级空间领域。这样的空间层次和领域划分将有助于形成居住者的归属感，增进邻里的互动和亲和。人由私密空间进入到公共空间，是一个渐进的过程。在这个过程中，居住者经过了各个不同层次的室外空间 ，使得交往成为一种必然。 2.1 住宅建筑交往空间的营造 居住者在私密性得到保证和满足的前提下，希望邻里关系密切、融洽，能够相互交流和交往。因此，需要有交往空间的设置，营造手法有以下几种 ： 2.11 扩大楼梯平台深度 楼梯平台是居民入户处的缓冲空间，同时又是楼上住户上楼时的休息空间。过小的平台将影响居民的停留时间，不利于居民之间的交往。扩大楼梯平台深度，增大平台面积，将增加他们联络、交往的机会。 2.12 设置入户花园 入户花园是居民进入室内的过渡空间，在这里，实现了半私密空间向私密空间过渡，居民可以在这里种花养草，接待来客。南京天泓山庄在入户平台进入入户花园处设置了格栅门，既将室外绿化景观向室内进行了延伸，又为两户人家透过格栅门进行交流创造了机会 。 2.13 扩大单元门厅面积 在单元入口门厅适当扩大面积并配置一些设施 ，如休息凳、阅报栏等，形成居民交往、休息的场所 ，实现单元住户的即时交往。有条件的门厅还可以做一个大堂，供住户在此交流 、 聊天 。 2.14 底层架空 住宅底层架空设计为开放式空间，保证了地面绿地的畅通。配以花草、坐凳等设施，作为居民休息、聊天等空间，再联系室外景观，易于创造出良好的交往氛围。即使下雨天也不受 影响 ，为生活增添了无限乐趣.2.15 设置通廊 通廊是中国传统建筑的一种建筑形式，是一种能有效地促进形成人们交往乐趣的空间诱因，目前被广泛地运用
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