英语倒装句的用法总结

1 / 60 英语倒装句的用法总结 倒装句用法小结 一般来说，倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装，有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的，有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。 一、完全倒装是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。 例： In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 1.以 here, there， now, then 引导的句子，要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。 如： Here comes the train! / There goes the bell! 注意：若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。 Here he comes . / Here it is . 2 句首是拟声词或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副词，句子要完全倒装。 如： Up went the rocket. /Up it 2 / 60 went. 3. 介词短语作状语在句首，句子要完全倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。 如： In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker. 4.表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如： Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat. / neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为 “so/ neither/ nor+ 助动词 /系动词 /情态动词 ” ，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如： She has finished her homework, so has her brother. She hasn t gone there, neither/ nor has he. 二、部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分提到主语的前面。 例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing. 1.用于疑问句中。如： How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday? 2. if 从句中如有 were ( had , should ) , if 省去后，3 / 60 要部分倒装 ,把 were， had， should 提到主语前面 如： If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him. -Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装。有以下几种形式： (1) 副词置于句首 Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it. (2) 动词置于句首 Wait as you may (= Although you may wait), he will not see you. (3) .形容词或名词置于句首 Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me. Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong. 4 / 60 注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时， as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如： A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply. 4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时，句子要部分倒装 ( not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly ( scarcely ) , no sooner, not once, at no time,. ) Little do we know about him. No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep. Seldom does he come back on Sundays. Not until he came back did I know about it. 在句首引导状语，或 not until 引导的状语在句首，主句要部分倒装。如： Only then did I realize the important of English. / Only when a child grows up does he 5 / 60 understand his parents intentions. 但若 only 修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无须倒装 Only socialism can save China. (only 修饰句子的主语，仍用正常语序 ) only . but also . 引导两个并列句，前倒后不倒。如： Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lesso-ns. 7.在以 often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词 (短语 )开头的句子中，要用部分倒装结构 Many a time has John given me good advice. / Often have we made that test. 8. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。 May you succeed! 9. so或 so引导的短语放在句首 ,要部分倒装。 6 / 60 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. so?that 结构中的倒装。有时要强调 so 所修饰的形容词或副词，常将 so连同它所修饰的形容词 或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如： He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others. -So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book. So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book. 10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子要部分倒装。 倒装句的用法 1 . 在以 here , there , in , out , up , down , away , 7 / 60 back , now , then 等副词开头的句子里，如果主语是名词，常用全部倒装。 Out rushed the boys . /Then followed three days of heavy rain . 若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。 Here he comes . / Here it is . 2 . 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。 South of the city lies a big steel factory . 3 . 以带有否定意义而且修饰全句的词开头的句子，要用“ 部分倒装 ” 语序 ( 倒装 的方法跟变一般疑问句的方法相似，这类常见词有 never , hardly , seldom , not , not only , not until ( 引导从句时，主句 “ 部分 倒装 ” ) ， little , rarely , no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when。 例 :Never shall I do this again . 其中 no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , 8 / 60 scarcely . . . when 表示 “ 一 ?就 ?” 的意思。 no sooner , hardly , scarcely 引出的主句要用 “ 部分倒装 ” 形式的过去完成 时， than,when 引出的从句用过去时 No sooner had I got home than it began to rain . 如果带有否定意义的词 不是修饰全句，只是修饰主语，那么句子的主谓不必倒装。 Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd . 4 . so 修饰形容词或副词， only 修饰副词或状语放在句首时 “ 部分倒装 ” 。 So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment . /Only in this way can you master English . 如果 only 修饰主语，句子则不倒装。 例如 :Only Wang Lin knows this . 5. neither , nor 或 no more 放在句首，作 “ 也不 ” 讲时，所引导的句子部分倒装。 He can t answer the question . Neither can I . 9 / 60 6.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时，需倒装。 Gone are the days when we used foreign oil . 7.由 as , though ( although ) 引导的表示 “ 虽然 ” ， “ 尽管 ” 的让步状语从句，用倒装语序，即把从句中的 表语或状语等放在 as 的前面。 英语倒装句的用法 类型 1）部分倒装 助动词 情态动词 +主语 +谓语的实义动词型 2）全倒装 谓语 +主语型 一、在以下结构中用全倒装：这种结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1.在 there be 或者 There live(stand,remain,exist.) 10 / 60 句型中； 如： There are thousands of people on the square. 原语序：Thousands of people are there on the square. There lived an old fisherman in the village. 原语序： An old fisherman lived there in the village. There stands a little girl. 正常语序： A little girl stands there. 2.在 “here, there, now, thus, then+ 动词 +主语 ” 的句子中 ,(谓语动词为 be, go, come, lie, run 等，主语为名词 ); 3.在 “out in, up down, offaway， in the distance,on the hill,round the corner” 等表示方向性的副词或表示地点的介词词组位于句首，且主语又是名词，谓语是表示运动的动词。 注意：主语必须是名词 而 Out went the girl. Here comes the boy. 11 / 60 4.有时为了强调表语，构成 “ 表语 +连系动词 +主语 ” 结构； Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.=She who was chosen to be a leader is lucky. Gone are the days when women were looked down upon! =The days when women were looked down upon are gone! 5、在某些表示愿望的祝愿语中，全倒装。 Long live the Peoples Republic of China! May you be happy！ 二、在以下结构中用部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前。 1.含有否定或半否定意义的词语；或者含有否定结构的连词， scarely.than., Hardly had .when., not until.;nowhere 等）；或否定意义的介词词组 ,with no 12 / 60 method, at no time, on no account,under no circumstancescondition.）位于句首 eg: I have never seen him before.=Never have I seen him before. Little English can he speak. Little does he realize the importance of the meeting. Few people did I see in the street. 含有否定结构的连词： eg： 1)Not only can he play basketball, but also I can. 2） No sooner had we arrived home than it began to rain. 3） Hardly had we met our friends when the train left. 4） Not until the baby fell asleep =The mother didnt leave the room until the baby fell asleep. 注意： 1)Not only.but also.必须连接两个分句时，才使用 部分倒装。而且只倒装 not only 后的分句。如果连接13 / 60 的是两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。如： Not only his father but also I like reading. 2)Hardly.when., Scarcely.than., No sooner.than.意义基本相同，它们连接的句子，都只倒装前一个分句，即： “ 前倒后不倒 ” 。 3)当 not until 引导主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不用倒装，或者可以理解为： “ 后倒前不倒 ” 。 含有否定意义的介词词组：如： By no means should we tell lies. On no account should we let him leave. At no timewill I get married to you. In no circumstances will I lend money to him. In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。 +副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时，主句倒装； 14 / 60 can you use the computer well. did he find out that his watch was missing. did he finish his job. 用在句首，表示另一主语 “ 也。样 ” 时，用 “So + be(have,助动词或情态动词 )+主语 ” 结构；而表示另一主语 “ 也不。样 ” 时，用 “Nor Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词 )+主语 ” 结构；注意：若是对上文同一主语的情况进行强调时，不倒装。句型为 “So+ 主语 +be或 do/have ” 。 He went to school yesterday, so did I. -David has made great progress recently. -So he has, and so have you. He hasnt finished his homework, and nor have I. 特别注意： If you wont go, neither/nor will I. 作 “ 尽管虽然 ” ，引导让步状语从句 (as 可以换成though)，由于语法需要，需要部分倒装。 15 / 60 Shortest as/though she is, she is not the fattest.(倒装后，最高级前不用冠词 ) Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用 a) Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。 ) Hard as he tried, he didnt pass the exam.(副词提到句首 ) 注意： though 位于句首引导让步状语从句时，可以倒装，也可 以不倒装。但 as引导让步状语从句时 ,必须使用倒装。否则就变成了原因状语从句。 eg： As he is too young, he couldnt go to school. 5.在 ”sothat” 和 ”suchthat” 引导的结果状语从句中，当 so 和 such 位于句首时，用 ”so such + . +部分谓语 + 主语 +.” ； 16 / 60 So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it. =The exam was so difficult that most of the students failed to pass it. 6.若 if 引导的虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时， 可将 if省略，把 were, had , should 放在句首。 1) Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball. =If it should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball. 2)Had I prepared well, I couldnt have lost the job. =If I had prepared well, I couldnt have lost the job. 3) Were he to come tomorrow, I would go to meet him at the airport. =If he were to come tomorrow, I would go to meet him 17 / 60 at the airport. 倒装句练习题 1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized 2. Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 3. If you dont go， neither _.A. shall I B. do I C. I do D. I shall 4. No sooner _ to the station _ the train left. A. had I got， when B. I had got， than C. had I got， than D. did I get， when 18 / 60 5. Your father is very strict with you. _ He never lets off a single mistake of ours. A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he 6. _ today， he would get there by Sunday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 7. Never in my life _ such a thing. A. I have heard or have seen B. have I heard or seen C. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see 8. Here _！ Where is Xiao Liu？ There _. A. comes the bus， is he B. comes the bus， he is C. the bus comes， is he D. the bus comes， he is 19 / 60 9. _ ,I will not buy it. A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like it C. Much as I like it D. As I like it much 10. I like football. I dont like volleyball. _. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So it is with me D. So is it with me 11. _ the expense， I _ to Italy. A. If it were not, go B. Were it not forwould go C. Werent it forwill go D. If it hadnt beenwould have gone 12. So _ in the darkness that he didnt dare to move an inch. A. he was frightened B. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was he 20 / 60 13. - In modem times， girls like beautiful clothes. -Yes, _ and_ After all, our life has greatly improved. A. so do they， so do you B. so they do， so you do C. so do they， so you do D. so they do， so do you 14. You have an English class every day except Sunday. _. A. So we have B. So we do C. So have we D. So do we 15. I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _， so _ mine. A. does， will B. will， does C. will， would D. does， do 16. Only after I read the text over again _ its main 21 / 60 idea. A. that I knew B. did I knew C. 1 could know D. I did know 17-You seem to have learned all the English words by heart. - _ . A. So l do B. So do l C. So I have D. So have I 18. - I seldom watch TV， but listen to the radio a lot. -_ . A. So do I B. Neither do I C. I m the same D. So it is with me 19. So excited _ that he couldnt say a word. A. he seemed B. did he seem C. was he seeming D. he did look 22 / 60 20. Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _ down in the dictation. A. he wrote B. he was written C. did he write D. was he written 21. Little _ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me. A. have I known B. had I known C. do 1 know D. did I know 22. - Have you ever seen anything like that before？- _. A. No, I never have seen anything like that before B. No, never I have seen anything like that before C. No, never have 1 seen anything like that before D. No, I have seen anything like that before never 23. _ ,1 would accept the invitation and go to the 23 / 60 party. A. Were I you B. Was I you C. Had I been you D. Would 1 be you 24. You should work less _. A. and neither should I B. and so should I C. and nor should I D. and so I should 25. _ and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat 26. Not only _ a promise， but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. does he make D. has he made 27. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _. 24 / 60 A. So is his aunt B. So has his aunt C. So his aunt does D. So it is with his aunt 28. Not once _ their plan. A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did change 29. - Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother？- I dont know, and _ . A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 30. Not until he arrived home _ he find that this wallet had been stolen. A. did B. would C. when D. that 31. -This is one of the oldest trees in the world. _ such a big tree. 25 / 60 A. Never I have seen B. I havent never seen C. Never have I seen D. I have seen never 32. Nowhere else in the world _ cheaper tailoringthan in Hong Kong. A. a tourist can find B. can a tourist find C. a tourist will find D. a tourist has found 33. _ succeed in doing anything. A. Only by working hard we can B. By only working hard we can C. Only we can by working hard D. Only by working hard can we 34. _ that we all went out， lying in the sun. A. So fine was the weather B. So was the fine weather C. The weather was so fine was D. So the weather was 26 / 60 tine 35. _ a nice man _ that we all believe him. A. So， did he seem B. So， he seemed C. Such， he seemed D. Such， did he seem 36. -You seem to be an actor. -_ . I have played many parts in a lot of films. A. So do I B. So am I C. So I do D. So I am 37. Not only _ working hard， but also _ very polite. A. the boy is， he is B. is the boy， he is C. the boy is， is he D. is the boy， is he 38. _， he never seems able to do the work beautifully. A. Try as he does B. As he tries C. Try as does he D. As try he does 27 / 60 39.- I cannot see the picture well from here.- _. A. Neither can t I B. Neither I can C. I cant neither D. Neither can I 40.-You ought to have given them some advice - _, but who cared what I asked? A. So ought you B. So 1 ought C. So it was D. So I did 41. So carelessly _ that he almost killed himself. A. he drives B. does he drive C. did he drive D. he drove 42. Little _ about his own health though he was very ill. A. he cared B. did he care C. he cares D. does he care 28 / 60 43. Well _ know him and well _ know me. A. I did， he did B. did I， he did C. did I， did he D. I did， did he 44. No sooner _ they rushed out into the street. A. did they hear the news than B. did they hear the news when C. had they heard the news than D. had they heard the news when 45. Little wonder _ up their hands in dismay. A. have some thrown B. some have thrown C. thrown some have D. have thrown some 46. _， he would have passed the exam. A. If he were to study 29 / 60 B. If he studied hard C. Had he studied hard D. Should he study hard 47. We were lucky enough， for no sooner _ home _ it rained. A. we returned， and B. we had returned， when C. did we return， when D. had we returned， than 48. So little _ agree on the plan that they could not settle their difference. A. did they B. do they C. they did D. they did not 49. _ he realized it was too late to return home. A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly did it grow dark when C. It was not until dark that D. It was until dark that 30 / 60 参考答案 15 BDACA 610 CBBCC 1115 BDDBA 1620 BADBC 2125 DCABC 2630 ADABA 3135 CBDAD 3640 DBADD 4145 CBCCB 4649 CDAC 倒装句的用法小结 英语的正常语序是主语在前谓语在后，但有时处于语法或达到某种修辞目的如强调、承上启下、平衡等需要，要把谓语动词放在主语的前面，这种语序称作倒装。可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装是指将整个的谓语动词提到主语之前。而部分倒装是指将部分的谓语动词即助动词、情态动词和 be 动词提到主语的前面，而谓语动词的其他部分任置于主语之后。 一、使用完 全倒装的情况 1 There be / come / live / stand /exist / lie / go /31 / 60 等结构中。 如： Then there came a knock at the door. There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. There lies a lake near my village. 2表示地点、方向、时间的副词如 here / out / in / up / down / back / off / away / now / then 谓语动词多用表示运动的不及物动词如 go / come / leave / move / rust / jump等 如： There goes the bell. Look! Here come his parents. Now comes your turn. Then came the news that we won the game. Out rushed the students. 但 Out they rushed. 32 / 60 注意：主语为人称代词时不倒装。 注意主谓一致。 Here / there / now 这三个副词引起的句子中谓语动词必须用一般现在时。 3表地点的介词短语位于句首时 如： Along the road came a great many tourist. On the top of the mountain stands a temple. On the wall are two pictures. 4为了保持句子平衡、衔接得当或强调表语，而把介词短语或形容词置于句首。 如： Present at the party were some stars who wanted to raise money for disaster zones. Gone are the days when the Chinese people used foreign oil. 33 / 60 5在表祝愿的句子中。 如： Long live our friendship. 二、使用部分倒装的情况。 1 only + 状语置于句首时。 如： Only in this way can you learn English well. Only then did he realize his mistake. Only after they discussed the matter for hours did they reach a decision. 注意： only + 主语时不倒装。 如： Only he knows the answer. only + 状语从句时，主句倒装从句不倒装。 在强调句型中不用倒装。 如： It was only after they discussed the matter for hours 34 / 60 that they reached a decision. 2具有否定意义的副词或短语置于句首作状语时。如 never / seldom / little / few / not / nowhere / hardly / rarely / scarcely / not until / not since / hardly when / no sooner than / by no means / in no time / at no time / under no circumstances 等。 如： Not a single word did he say at the meeting. Nowhere else in the world can you find a better man than Tom. Seldom have I heard from him recently. 注意： Not until 放在句首时要部分倒装，放在强调句型中不用倒装。 如： Not until he came to Beijing did he begin to learn English. -It was not until he came to Beijing that he began to learn English. 35 / 60 将 hardly / no sooner 置于句首时 要部分倒装；