人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 毕业设计 > 万能外圆磨床结构改进设计--高速磨头无轴电机设计【18张图纸】【优秀】

外文翻译--数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策.doc

万能外圆磨床结构改进设计--高速磨头无轴电机设计【18张图纸】【优秀】

资源目录

万能外圆磨床结构改进设计--高速磨头无轴电机设计【18张图纸】【优秀】.rar

毕业作业周次计划.检查落实表.xls---(点击预览)

外文翻译--数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策.doc---(点击预览)

任务书.doc---(点击预览)

万能外圆磨床结构改进设计--高速磨头无轴电机设计论文.doc---(点击预览)

万能外圆磨床结构改进设计--高速磨头无轴电机设计开题报告.doc---(点击预览)

B4电机定子外圈.dwg---(点击预览)

B4径向传感器支架.dwg---(点击预览)

压缩包内文档预览：

编号：272447 类型：共享资源大小：1.60MB 格式：RAR 上传时间：2014-04-17 上传人：上*** IP属地：江苏

50
积分

版权申诉 word格式文档无特别注明外均可编辑修改；预览文档经过压缩，下载后原文更清晰！ 立即下载

关键词：: 万能磨床结构改进改良设计高速磨头无轴电机机电

资源描述：

万能外圆磨床结构改进设计--高速磨头无轴电机设计

48页 27000字数+说明书+任务书+开题报告+18张CAD图纸【详情如下】

A0装配图.dwg

A2外缸筒.dwg

A2机座.dwg

A3内缸筒.dwg

A3前端盖.dwg

A3后端盖.dwg

A3轴.dwg

B4基准环.dwg

B4定位轴套.dwg

B4径向传感器支架.dwg

B4电机定子外圈.dwg

B4磁轴承外圈.dwg

B4磁轴承定子.dwg

B4磁轴承端盖.dwg

B4轴套1.dwg

B4轴套2.dwg

B4轴承挡圈.dwg

B4铝圈.dwg

万能外圆磨床结构改进设计--高速磨头无轴电机设计开题报告.doc

万能外圆磨床结构改进设计--高速磨头无轴电机设计论文.doc

任务书.doc

外文翻译--数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策.doc

毕业作业周次计划.检查落实表.xls

摘要

　　　本文首先介绍了万能外圆磨床的结构及功用，并对高速加工进行了概述，进而对无轴承电机的研究现状进行分析，并阐述了对无轴承电机研究的意义；然后从无轴承电机的总体结构入手，对无轴承电机的机械结构及零部件进行了设计；与此同时又分析了无轴承电机中永磁偏置径向轴向磁轴承的工作原理，建立数学模型，以具体的参数要求为例，对其结构参数进行计算。最后总结全文内容，突出毕业设计工作的重点，对未来的工作进行展望。

关键词：万能外圆磨床；高速加工；无轴承电机；磁轴承；数学建模

摘要III

AbstractIV

目录VI

1 绪论1

1.1 设计的总体要求1

1.2 M1432A型万能外圆磨床总体描述2

1.2.1 机床的结构2

1.2.2 机床的总体布局2

1.2.3 机床的主要技术性能3

1.2.4 机床的机械传动系统3

1.3 基于高速加工技术的无轴承电机研究意义与现状4

1.3.1 基于高速加工技术的无轴承电机研究意义4

1.3.2 基于高速加工技术的无轴承电机研究现状6

1.4 无轴承电机的特点及应用7

1.4.1 无轴承电机的特点7

1.4.2 无轴承电机的应用7

1.5 无轴承电机的发展前景8

2 高速加工技术概述9

2.1 高速加工的定义9

2.1.1 高速加工中心的类型9

2.1.2 高速加工的特点9

2.2 高速加工的关键技术10

2.2.1 刀具技术10

2.2.2 机床技术11

2.2.3 CAM软件12

3 高速加工技术中磁浮轴承主轴单元设计13

3.1 引言13

3.2 主轴单元轴承的组成15

3.2.1 机械系统15

3.2.2 磁轴承的偏磁回路15

3.2.3 控制回路系统15

3.3 永磁偏置轴承的结构及工作原理16

3.3.1 永磁偏置轴承的基本结构17

3.3.2 永磁偏置轴承的工作原理18

3.4 永磁偏置轴承的设计19

3.4.1 磁路计算的基本定律和公式罗列20

3.4.2 永磁偏置轴承的等效磁路分析20

3.4.3 径向—轴向磁轴承的吸力方程22

3.4.4 径向—轴向磁轴承的承载能力23

3.4.5 径向—轴向混合磁轴承参数设计24

3.5 悬磁轴承的参数设计与校核27

3.5.1 选取永磁材料27

3.5.2 确定工作气隙磁感应强度27

3.5.3 磁极面积的计算27

3.5.4 求定子内径28

3.5.5 求磁极弧长及叠片厚度28

3.5.6 安匝数的计算28

3.5.7 匝数与电流的分配28

3.5.8 线径28

3.5.9 窗口面积的求取28

3.5.10 永久磁铁参数计算29

4 无轴承电机结构的设计30

4.1 设计的总体概况30

4.2 无轴承电机的结构设计30

4.2.1 转子结构设计30

4.2.2 转子上零件的布置31

4.3 无轴承电机的总体结构设计31

4.4 悬浮轴承的结构选择与设计32

4.4.1 磁悬浮轴承总体结构设计32

4.4.2 永磁偏置径向轴向磁轴承的总体结构设计33

4.5 无轴承电机结构件的结构设计33

4.5.1 定子与转子的设计33

4.5.2 传感器部件的设计34

4.5.3 机壳的设计35

4.5.4 工作轴的设计36

4.5.5 轴承端盖的设计36

5 结论与展望38

致谢39

参考文献40

1 绪论

1.1 设计的总体要求

现代机械加工越来越需要提高效率，通常采用高速加工，主要是采用高速主轴，因而高速加工中无轴承电机的结构设计就显得很重要，本文正是基于万能外圆磨床适应于高速加工要求对高速主轴的无轴承电机结构设计，探寻磁悬浮在普通机床高速主轴中的应用，因其独具的悬浮机理和结构特点使之在生物工程、航空航天、高新能源、半导体制造业、食品加工以及医药卫生等领域也得到成功的应用。随着我国经济进一步发展，在很多特殊电气传动领域必将改变传统的传动和传输方式，对提高产品质量、降低成本、减少污染将会起到重要作用。因此，无轴承电机在我国具有很大的潜在应用市场，积极开展无轴承电机的研究和在普通机床上的应用具有现实和深远意义。

外圆磨床分为普通外圆磨床和万能外圆磨床。在普通外圆磨床上可磨削外圆柱面和外圆锥面，在万能外圆磨床上还能磨削内圆柱面和内圆锥面和端面。外圆磨床的主要参数为最大的磨削直径。

外圆磨床以两顶心为中心，以砂轮为刀具，将圆柱形钢件研磨出精密同心度的磨床（又叫顶心磨床或圆通磨床）。

外圆磨床的主机有床身、车头车尾、磨头、传动吸尘装置等部件构成。车头、磨头可调角度，用于修磨顶针及皮辊倒角专用夹具。

本设计就是以M1432A型万能外圆磨床为例对原来的普通主轴进行优化设计，采用无轴承电机进行砂轮主轴的驱动。

无轴承电机是典型的机电一体化产品，由于它具有上述诸多优良性能及其在众多工业领域内的应用前景，使得无轴承电机技术越来越受到国内外专家、学者的关注与重视。而我国对这一技术的研究尚不成熟，针对这种情况，我们在毕业设计中选择了这一课题。鉴于无轴承电机不但具有磁悬浮轴承的优点，而且比其他同功率的电机及支撑装置，体积小、重量轻、能耗小，对于提高高速及超高速运转机械的工作性能具有重要意义，本文就是基于这些问题提出的。对于一个典型的无轴承电机来说，它主要由机械、检测、控制三大主要部分组成，而控制系统是整个系统的关键，而合理的机械结构设计又是保证承载能力要求和运行稳定可靠的前提，所以，本设计主要对机械系统和控制系统进行分析和设计。

文中以无轴承电机的永磁偏置径向轴向磁轴承本体结构的设计（机械部分）及控制系统为主要研究对象，设计出合理的结构参数和控制系统，并对系统的稳定性进行简要的分析。

　　　第一章介绍了基于高速加工技术的无轴承电机的研究意义及现状。此外还介绍了本设计的提出及主要内容的安排。第二章简单介绍了一下高速加工技术的发展现状及关键技术。第三章从基于高速加工技术的无轴承电机的总体结构入手，对无轴承电机的机械结构及零部件进行了设计。第四章分析了无轴承电机中永磁偏置径向轴向磁轴承的工作原理，建立了数学模型，并以具体的参数要求为例，对其结构参数进行计算。最后总结全文内容，突出研究工作的重点，并对未来的工作进行展望。 6、内圆磨具3：用以支承磨内孔的砂轮主轴。内圆磨具主轴由专门的电动机驱动。

7、滑鞍6及横向进给机构：转动横进给手轮7，可以使横进给机构带动滑鞍6及砂轮架沿床身垫板的导轨作横向移动。也可以利用液压装置，使滑鞍6作周期的自动切入进给。

　　　此外，在床身内还有液压传动装置。

1.2.3 机床的主要技术性能

外圆磨床的主要参数为磨削工件的最大直径，本机床的主参数为320 mm。

外圆磨削直径 8～320 mm

外圆最大磨削长度 1000 mm；1500 mm ；2000 mm

内孔磨削直径 30～100 mm

内孔最大磨削长度 125 mm

磨削工件最大重量 150kg

砂轮尺寸

外圆砂轮转速 1670r/min

头架主轴转速6级： 25，50，80，112，160，224 r/min

内圆砂轮转速 10000 r/min；15000 r/min

砂轮架电动机功率 4 kW

内圆磨电动机功率 1.1 kW

电动机总功率 6.72 kW

工作台纵向移动速度（液压无级调速）0.05～4m/min

机床外形尺寸（三种规格） 3200，4500，5800 kg

1.2.4 机床的机械传动系统

　　　M1432A型机床，除工作台的纵向往复运动、砂轮架的快速进退及尾架顶尖套筒的缩回为液压传动外，其于运动都是机械传动的。机械传动系统如图1.2所示。

　　　　头架（带动工件）的传动

　　　此传动链用于实现工件的圆周进给。运动由双速电动机驱动，经三级皮带传动，使头架的拨盘拨动工件，实现圆周进给。这时，主轴本身是不旋转的。

外圆砂轮的传动

万能外圆磨床结构改进设计--高速磨头无轴电机设计.gif

内容简介：: 英文原文Numerical control technology and equipping development trend and countermeasure Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electro mechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology; (2)Information processing , processing , transmission technology; (3)Automatic control technology; (4)Servo drive technology; (5)Technology of the sensor ; (6)Software engineering ,etc. Development trend of a numerical control technology The application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the peoples livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equiping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect 1- in its main research focus . 1.A high-speed , high finish machining technology and new trend equipped The efficiency , quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed , high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP ) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering. In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles , walls . Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank pay empty make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equiping the demand which has proposed high-speed , high precise and high flexibility. According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes up . HyperMach lathe of U.S.A. CINCINNATI Company enters to nearly biggest 60m/min of speed, it is 100m/min to be fast, the acceleration reaches 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, the ordinary milling machine is being processed to need 8h; The speed and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company are up to 12* separately! 000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5m up to from 10m already, accurate grades of machining center from 3- 5m, rise to 1- 1.5m, and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already (0.01m). In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . In order to realize high-speed , high finish machining, if the part of function related to it is electric main shaft , straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is expanded further. 1.2 Link and process and compound to process the fast development of the lathe in 5 axes Adopt 5 axles to link the processing of the three-dimensional curved surface part, can cut with the best geometry form of the cutter , not only highly polished, but also efficiency improves by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged , the efficiency of an 5 axle gear beds can equal 2 3 axle gear beds , is it wait for to use the cubic nitrogen boron the milling cutter of ultra hard material is milled and pared at a high speed while quenching the hard steel part, 5 axles link and process 3 constant axles to link and process and give play to higher benefit. Because such reasons as complicated that 5 axles link the numerical control system , host computer structure that but go over, it is several times higher that its price links the numerical control lathe than 3 axles , in addition the technological degree of difficulty of programming is relatively great, have restricted the development of 5 axle gear beds. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, is it realize 5 axle complex main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify to make, it makes degree of difficulty and reducing by a large margin of the cost, the price disparity of the numerical control system shrinks . So promoted 5 axle gear beds of head 无效 of complex main shaft and compound to process the development of the lathe (process the lathe including 5 ). At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt complex main shaft hair, can realize the processing of 4 vertical planes and processing of the wanton angle , make 5 times process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized on the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls . Germany DMG Company exhibits the DMUVoution series machining center, but put and insert and put processing and 5 axles 5 times to link and process in once, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM is controlled directly or indirectly. 1.3 Become the main trend of systematic development of contemporary numerical control intelligently , openly , networkedlily The numerical control equipment in the 21st century will be sure the intelligent system, the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course, the craft parameter is produced automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery of parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically automatically; The ones that simplified programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface ,etc.; There are content of intelligence diagnose , intelligent monitoring , diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ,etc. Produce the existing problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. A lot of countries carry on research to the open numerical control system at present, such as NGC of U.S.A. (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), OSACA of European Community (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller ) of Japan, ONC (Open Numerical Control System ) of China ,etc. The numerical control system melts to become the future way of the numerical control system open. The so-called open numerical control system is the development of the numerical control system can be on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and end user, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control function), form the seriation, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, communication norm , disposing norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software developing 包含ument ,etc. are the core of present research. The networked numerical control equipment is a new light spot of the fair of the internationally famous lathe in the past two years. Meeting production line , manufacture system , demand for the information integration of manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, realize new manufacture mode such as quick make , fictitious enterprise , basic Entrance that the whole world make too. Some domestic and international famous numerical control lathes and systematic manufacturing companies of numerical control have all introduced relevant new concepts and proto无效s of a machine in the past two years, if in EMO2001 exhibition, CyberProduction Center that the company exhibits of mountain rugged campstool gram in Japan (Mazak ) (intellectual central production control unit, abbreviated as CPC); The lathe company of Japanese big Wei (Okuma ) exhibits IT plaza (the information technology square , is abbreviated as IT square ); Open Manufacturing Environment that the company exhibits of German Siemens (Siemens ) (open the manufacturing environment, abbreviated as OME),etc., have reflected numerical control machine tooling to the development trend of networked direction. 2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our country The technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, namely closed developing stage. In this stages, because technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of numerical control technology is comparatively slow. During Sixth Five-Year Plan Period , the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period of the country in second stage and earlier stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period , namely introduce technology, digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is and during the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period on the later stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period of the country, namely implement the research of industrialization, enter market competition stage. At this stage , made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In latter stage for the Ninth Five-Year Plan , the domestic occupation rate of market of the domestic numerical control lathe is up to 50%, it is up to 10% too to mix the domestic numerical control system (popular ). Make a general survey of the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially through tackling key problems of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements. a.Have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has mastered modern numerical control technology basically. Our country has already, the numerical control host computer , basic technology of special plane and fittings grasped and driven from the numerical control system and servoly basically now, among them most technology have already possessed and commercialized the foundation developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized. b.Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize , set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity in batches such as numerical control in Central China , numerical control of the spaceflight etc. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, such factory and the first machine tool plant of Beijing , the first machine tool plant of Jinan ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories of a batch of servo systems and servo electrical machineries as the numerical control in Central China,etc. These factories have formed the numerical control industrial base of our country basically. c.Have set up a numerical control research, development , managerial talents basic team . Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of numerical control technology, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, especially there is greater disparity in current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level in industrialization. Though very fast from watching the development of our country vertically, have disparity horizontally more than (compare foreign countries with ) not merely engineering level, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, namely the engineering level disparity between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world , estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level. a.On the engineering level, in probably backward 10- 1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology. b.On the industrialization level, the occupation rate of market is low, the variety coverage rate is little, have not formed the large-scale production yet; The specialized level of production of function part and ability of forming a complete set are relatively low; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient; Ones own brand effect that the domestic numerical control system has not been set up yet, users have insufficient confidence. c.On the ability of sustainable development, research and development of numerical control technology , project ability are relatively weak to the competition; It is not strong that the technological application of numerical control expands dynamics; Research , formulation that relevant standards are normal lag behind. It is analysed that the main reason for having above-mentioned disparity has the following several respect. a.Realize the respect. Know to industrys process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic of domestic numerical control insufficiently; It is difficult to underestimate to add strangling , system ,etc. to the unstandard , foreign blockade of the market; It is not enough to analyse to the technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country. b.System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue , consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one , industry chain in terms of technology; Have not set up related system , perfect training , service network of intact high quality ,etc. and supported the system. c.Mechanism. It causes the brain drain, restraining technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation that the bad machine is made, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning , has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty. d.Technology. The autonomous innovation in technology of enterprises is indifferent, the project of key technology is indifferent. The standard of the lathe lags behind, the level is relatively low, it is not enough for new standard of the numerical control system to study.中文译文数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品，即所谓的数字化装备，其技术范围覆盖很多领域：(1)机械制造技术；(2)信息处理、加工、传输技术；(3)自动控制技术；(4)伺服驱动技术；(5)传感器技术；(6)软件技术等。1 数控技术的发展趋势数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化，使制造业成为工业化的象征，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，他对国计民生的一些重要行业（IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等）的发展起着越来越重要的作用，因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看，其主要研究热点有以下几个方面14。11 高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率，提高产品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为5大现代制造技术之一，国际生产工程学会（CIRP）将其确定为21世纪的中心研究方向之一。在轿车工业领域，年产30万辆的生产节拍是40秒/辆，而且多品种加工是轿车装备必须解决的重点问题之一；在航空和宇航工业领域，其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋，刚度很差，材料为铝或铝合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情况下，才能对这些筋、壁进行加工。近来采用大型整体铝合金坯料“掏空”的方法来制造机翼、机身等大型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的铆钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装，使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到提高。这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。从EMO2001展会情况来看，高速加工中心进给速度可达80m/min，甚至更高，空运行速度可达100m/min左右。目前世界上许多汽车厂，包括我国的上海通用汽车公司，已经采用以高速加工中心组成的生产线部分替代组合机床。美国CINCINNATI公司的HyperMach机床进给速度最大达60m/min，快速为100m/min，加速度达2g，主轴转速已达60 000r/min。加工一薄壁飞机零件，只用30min，而同样的零件在一般高速铣床加工需3h，在普通铣床加工需8h；德国DMG公司的双主轴车床的主轴速度及加速度分别达12*!000r/mm和1g。在加工精度方面，近10年来，普通级数控机床的加工精度已由10m提高到5m，精密级加工中心则从35m，提高到11.5m，并且超精密加工精度已开始进入纳米级(0.01m)。在可靠性方面，国外数控装置的MTBF值已达6 000h以上，伺服系统的MTBF值达到30000h以上，表现出非常高的可靠性。为了实现高速、高精加工，与之配套的功能部件如电主轴、直线电机得到了快速的发展，应用领域进一步扩大。1.2 5轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展采用5轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削，不仅光洁度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般认为，1台5轴联动机床的效率可以等于2台3轴联动机床，特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铣刀进行高速铣削淬硬钢零件时，5轴联动加工可比3轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。但过去因5轴联动数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因，其价格要比3轴联动数控机床高出数倍，加之编程技术难度较大，制约了5轴联动机床的发展。当前由于电主轴的出现，使得实现5轴联动加工的复合主轴头结构大为简化，其制造难度和成本大幅度降低，数控系统的价格差距缩小。因此促进了复合主轴头类型5轴联动机床和复合加工机床（含5面加工机床）的发展。在EMO2001展会上，新日本工机的5面加工机床采用复合主轴头，可实现4个垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5轴加工可在同一台机床上实现，还可实现倾斜面和倒锥孔的加工。德国DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心，可在一次装夹下5面加工和5轴联动加工，可由CNC系统控制或CAD/CAM直接或间接控制。1.3 智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势 21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究，如美国的NGC(The

温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。