高一人教新课标必修3unit1情态动词课件.ppt

Grammar,情态动词,生活中的情态动词,Descriptors:describethepicturesbymakingupsentencesincludingmodalverbs.,2.Youshouldlistentotheteachercarefully.,1.Youhadbettertakeanumbrellaincaseitrains.,4.Hisbikeisbroken.Hehastowalktoschool.,3.Canyoutellmewherethesupermarketis?,概述,情态动词表示说话人的某种语气或感情,不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。(beableto/haveto例外）,IcanspeakEnglishverywell.HecanspeakEnglishverywell.Hecantbeateacher.,情态动词总汇：,can/could/beabletomay/mightwill/would(usedto)shall/should(oughtto)must/havetoneed/dare,一、can和could(beableto),表示能力，意为“能，会”,could为can的过去式。其否定式为cannot/cannot,couldnot或简写成cant,couldnt,Tomcanswimverywellnow.Tomcouldntswimverywellattheageof4.,can与beableto的区别：,1）can只有过去式，而beableto有各种时态,2）can表示具备某种能力，而beableto则表示经过努力成功地做到某事,Ifhestudieshard,hewillbeabletopassthefinalexam.,Atfirsthedidntagreewithme,butIwasabletopersuadehim.,2.表示请求（可不可以）和许可（可以），表示请求时用can和could都可，could语气更委婉，而不是can的过去式；表示许可时只能用can,不能用could.,-Can/CouldIcomein?-Yes,youcan.,3.（表示猜测）可能多用于疑问句和否定句中，can的可能性比could大，其否定形式是cant/couldnt（不可能）,Canitbetrue?Itcantbetrue.,用于肯定句中，表示理论上的可能（有时候会）,Mysistercanbereallystubborn.Thisstreetcanberathercrowdedinrushhours.Anybodycanmakemistakes.,4.特殊句式cannot/cannevertoo或cannotenough“再也不过分，越越好”Onecantbetoocareful.=Onecantbecarefulenough.,canthelpdoing/canthelpbutdo禁不住，不由得,Hearingthefunnystory,Icouldnthelplaughing.,Practice:,2.TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit_beveryslow.,A.ShouldB.mustC.willD.can,D,AnEnglishmanwho_notspeakItalianisnowworkinginanItalianschool.A.mustB.canC.mayD.might,B,二、may和might,表示请求或允许（可以）might比may语气更委婉。肯定回答用Yes,youmay./Yes,please./Certainly./Sure,goahead.否定回答用No,youmustnt./No,youdbetternot.,-MayIaskyouaquestion?-Yes,please./Sure,goahead.,-MayIsmokehere?-No,youmustnt./No,youdbetternot.,2.（表示可能性）“可能，也许”只用于陈述句，不用于疑问句，might的可能性比may小。maynot表示“可能不”，cant表示“不可能”,Maywhathesaidbetrue?Canwhathesaidbetrue?,3.may用于表示祝愿、希望、乞求等，主要用于正式场合或书面语中。May+主语+动词原形Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!Mayyourdreamcometrue!愿你梦想成真！MayGodblessyou!愿上帝保佑你!,4.may/mightaswell动词原形“还是的好”Youmay/mightaswellgotoseeadoctor.5.用于一些状语从句中（目的状语从句“以便，为了”；让步状语从句“即使，尽管，无论”）Hegotupearlyinorderthathemightcatchthefirstbus.Tryashemight,Imafraidhecouldhardlysucceed.,三、will和would,will和would可表示说话者或主语的意愿，决心，意向Hewouldnevergiveup.IwilldoallthatIcantohelpyou.2.will用于祈使句的反意疑问句中。Dontforgettoclosethedoor,willyou?Gowithme,willyou?,3.will表示现在习惯性的动作；would可表示过去的习惯动作，此时的意义接近usedtoTheoldmanwillsitbythewindowforhours.Hewouldsittheredoingnothing.,would与usedto的区别：,1）usedto强调今昔对比（过去这样，现已不是这样）；would只是回顾过去2）would只能表示过去习惯性的动作，而usedto既可表示动作，也可表示状态,4.用于第二人称疑问句中，表示请求、建议或询问对方意愿,would比will语气更委婉Would/Willyoupassmethebottle?Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee?5.will可表客观事实、功能或属性。Thedoorwontopen.,OnSundays,whenIwasachild,Iusedto/wouldgetupearlyanddomorningexercise.Thereusedtobeasupermarketnearthehospital.,1.在疑问句中，用于第一、第三人称，用来征询对方意见、请求指示或提出建议。,四、shall,Whatshallwedonow?（征求对方意见）Mr.Smithwantstoseeyou,manager.Shallhewaitoutsideorintheoffice?（请求指示）Itisaniceday.Shallwegooutforapicnic?（提出建议）,2.用在第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的“允诺、警告、命令、威胁、决心”等语气。,Ifyoudaredothat,youshallbepunished.(警告，威胁）Ifyoupassthecollegeentranceexamination,youshallgetacomputer.（允诺）Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.（决心）,3.应该,应当.用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。,Heshallhavetherighttoownthehouseaccordingtothelaw.（法律条文）-CanIpaythebillbycheck?-Sorry,sir.Butitsthemanagementrulesofourhotelthatpaymentshallbemadeincash.（规章制度）,4.用在Letsdosth.的反意疑问句中。,Letsgoswimming,shallwe?,思考：letusdo的反意疑问句,Practice,Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候选人）_remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall,2.-Theroomissodirty._wecleanit?-Ofcourse.A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do,D,B,五、should,1.表示义务或责任，建议或劝告，意为“应该”,Youshouldkeepyourpromise.Studentsshouldntsmoke.,2.表示推测“按道理说应该会，想必会”（按照常识或以往的经验）Youshouldbehungryafterthelongwalk.Thewatchshouldbereadyby12:00.,3.表示说话人对某事不能理解，可翻译成“居然”，“竟然”，“竟会”，表示意外和出乎意料。,Itissurprisingthatheshouldhavemadesuchafoolishmistake.,Imgladthatyourstoryshouldhavewonthefirstprize.,4、表示语气较强的假设（用于条件句中）“万一”,Ifthecarshouldbreakdownontheway,youwouldhavetowalkback.,5.用于表示命令、建议、要求的词后面，可省略。,Hesuggestedthatthey(should)notwastetimeplaying.,Practice,1.Youcantimaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_besorudetoalady.A.MightB.needC.shouldD.would,2.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_reportittothepolice?A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can,C,A,六、must,1、表示义务或必要性，“必须，应当”,must的否定式是mustnot/mustnt，意思是“不可以、禁止”，语气强烈。,Youmustgotobednow.Youmustntplaywiththeknife;youmayhurtyourself.,由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或donthaveto,MustIstayathome?我必须留在家里吗？Yes,youmust.是的，你必须留在家里。No,youneednt.或No,youdonthaveto.（不，不用了。）,must和haveto的区别：,表示（主语）主观的义务或必要时用must；表示（主语）客观因素、客观需要时用haveto。haveto含有“不得不”的意思。,Ihaventseenherforages.Imustphoneherup.Thereisnobushere,andIhavetogoonfoot.,2、表示推测“一定，肯定”,Nooneisansweringthephone.Theymustbeout./Youmustbejoking.,3、表示固执、主张、不满等“偏要，硬要，非得”常用于疑问句和条件句中。,-Howoldareyou,madam?-Ifyoumustknow,Iamtwicemysonsage.John,mustyoupractiseplayingthepianodeepintothenight?,mustbe/mustbedoing/musthavedone,Practice,1.-Mustwedoitnow?-No,you_.A.wontB.needntC.cantD.dont,2.Tom,you_leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis.A.wouldntB.mustntC.needntD.maynot,B,B,七、need和dare,need意为“需要”，dare意为“敢于”作情态动词时，常用于疑问句和否定句中,2.need和dare既可作情态动词用，也可做实义动词用,-Needwedoitnow?-Yes,youmust./-No,youneednt.,判断正误:,HedarenttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?,HedarentspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?,Nobodyneedtobeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Nobodyneedbeafraidofcatchingthedisease.,3.need作为实义动词的一种特殊的用法,Thegardenneedswatering/tobewatered.Thebabyneedslookingafter/tobelookedafter.,类似用法的动词：,wantrequiredeserve,needdoing=needtobedone,Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully.Thepoorcoupleneedtakecareof.,八、情态动词+havedone（陈述过去）,musthavedonemay/mighthavedonecant/couldnthavedonecouldhavedoneshould/oughttohavedoneshouldnt/oughtnttohavedoneneednthavedone,一定/肯定做过某事也许/可能做过某事不可能做过某事本能够做某事却未做本应该做某事却未做本不该做某事却做了本没必要做某事却做了,Johnmighthavegoneabroad,butIamstillnotsureaboutit.Ididntseeherattheparty.Shecouldnthavebeenthere.Icouldhavehelpedyou,butIhadanextratasktofinish.Youshouldnthavetoldhimthetruth.Youneednthavecomesoearly.,只用can,有时会不可能可能/会吗,也许/可能可能不,理应(不)，想必(不)会,肯定/一定,Practice,1.Helen_goonthetripwithus,butsheisntquitesureye