Derivational and inflectional morphemes 衍生词素与屈折词素ppt课件.ppt

Derivationalandinflectionalmorphemes,1,DerivationalMorphemes（衍生词素）,Whenderivationalmorphemesareconjoinedtoothermorphemes(orwords),newwordsarederived,orformed.Examples:computer-computerizeblack-blackenaffection-affectionate(-en,-ize,-atearecalledderivationalmorphemes)Include:prefixes&suffixes,2,DerivationalMorphemes,Prefixes:1.mostofthemdonotchangegrammaticalclassofwordse.g:inter+collegiate(adj.),multi+media(n.)macro+economics(n.),tele+commute(v.)2.someofthemchangegrammaticalclassofwordse.g:en+able(adj.-v.),be+friend(n.-v.)em+power(n.-v.),a+sleep(v.-adj.),3,DerivationalMorphemes,Suffixes:1.someofthemdonotchangegrammaticalclassofwordse.g:physic+ian(n.),fad+ism(n.)Americ+an(n.)2.someofthemchangegrammaticalclassofwordse.g:arrange+ment(v.-n.),mean+ness(adj.-n.)fool+ish(n.-adj.),quick+en(adj.-v.),4,remarks,Asmentionedpreviously,amorphemecanbedefinedasaminimalunitofmeaning.However,thisdefinitionistoosimple.Becauseitisdifficulttofindaconstantmeaningwhenamorphemecombineswithdifferentmorphemes.E.g:-ceivehasdifferentmeaninginwordslikereceive,perceiveandconceive.,5,Theyareplanningtocomputerizetheirentireaccountingsystem.Itiswettoday.Cathyfounditexcitingtodriveontheelevatedroad.Conclusion:Itisnotalwayspossibletoassignalexicalmeaningtosomeofthemorphemes.,6,InflectionalMorphemes（屈折词素）,Lookatthesesentences:1.Johnhasnoticedthechangeinhisfriend.(-ed)2.Ashewaswalkingtothestation,henoticedoneofhisformersupervisors.(-ing)Here,-edandingendingsaremorphemeswhichdonotaddlexicalmeaningbutrepresentt