新目标八年级下学期Unit 2教材优化全析.doc

教材优化全析Section A1.What should I do?要点点拨我该怎么办？2.Look at these problems.Are they serious or not?Write them in the appropriate box.看这些问题。它们严重还是不严重？把它们写在适当的方框内。3.My parents wants me to stay at home every night.我父母想让我每晚待在家里。在这个句型中should为情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，意思是“应该，应当”。（1）want sb.to do sth. 想让某人干某事。例如：My mother wants me to improve my English quickly this term.我妈妈想让我这学期迅速提高我的英语水平。The young mother wants her baby to drink milk every day.这位年轻的妈妈想让她的婴儿每天喝牛奶。全析提示类似的短语还有：want to do sth. 想要干某事。例如：I want to watch TV every day.我想每天看电视。（2）stay at home 待在家里。例如：Staying at home all day makes his son a dull boy.整天待在家里使他的儿子傻乎乎的。Young kids shouldnt stay at home all day.They should do some out-door activities.小孩子不应该整天待在家里，他们应该进行一些户外的活动。全析提示类似的短语有：stay in a hotel 住在一家旅馆stay abroad 待在国外stay there 待在那儿4.I argued with my best friend.我和我最好的朋友争吵了。argue with sb.和某人争吵。例如：The old woman has argued with all her neighbors since she moved here.那个老夫人自从搬到这里以来和她所有的邻居都争吵过了。Dont argue with your younger sister.不要和你的妹妹争吵。要点点拨argue=quarrel v.争论；争吵它的名词形式是argument。argue with sb.=quarrel with sb.argument n. 争论；辩论。例如：They spent hours in argument about where to go.他们花费了几个小时来争论去什么地方。5.My clothes are out of style.我的衣服过时了。要点点拨argument=quarrel n. 争论；辩论out of style 过时的，落伍的，不时髦的。例如：The poor girl always wears clothes out of style left by her elder sister.那个可怜的女孩总是穿她姐姐穿过的过时的衣服。6.How serious is the problem?这个问题有多严重？思维拓展反义短语为 in style或fashion。例如：That dress is in the latest style.那套衣服是最新式样的。how“多么”，在这里指程度。例如：How do you like Chinese food?你觉得中国食品怎么样？How bad was it?究竟有多糟？7.Maybe you should buy some new clothes.或许你该买些新衣服。全析提示how的其他用法如何，用什么方式（手段）怎么样？（身体状况）should 应该，必须（表示责任或义务）。例如：You should send her a note.你应该给她留一个条。Children should obey their parents.儿童应该服从他们的父母。8.You could write him a letter.你可以给他写封信。要点点拨should在这里用于表示建议、命令、决定等。shall 的过去式是should。write sb.a letter=write a letter to sb. 给某人写信 。例如：Ill write you a letter as soon as I get there.我一到那里就给你写信了。She has written nine letters to her parents since she left home.自从离开家以来，她已经给父母写了9封信了。9.Maybe you should call him up.或许你应该给他打电话。call up 给某人打电话。例如：Call me up when you are arriving.当你来的时候给我打电话。Dont call him up too often;you will trouble him.不要太频繁地给他打电话，你会打扰他的。思维拓展收到某人的来信：hear fromreceive a letter fromhave a letter fromget a letter from10.I dont have enough money.我没有足够的钱。enough 足够的，修饰名词时放在其所修饰的词的前面和后面均可。例如：Theres enough room for a bed in your dormitory.在你的宿舍里还有足够的空间可以放开一张床。要点点拨enough修饰形容词或副词时放在其后面。He ran very quickly，but not quickly enough.So he didnt win the game.他跑得很快，但还不够快，因此，没有赢得比赛。Gary didnt pass the exam because he wasnt careful enough in the exam.加里因为在考试中不够细心，所以没有通过考试。方法点拨在做练习时注意分析它所修的饰词的词性。11.I dont want to surprise him.我不想吓他一跳。（1）surprise sb.使某人惊奇，使某人意外。例如：You surprised me!你吓了我一跳！（2）be surprised at. 对感到很惊奇。例如：We are much surprised at the news.听到这个消息我们感到很吃惊。（3）be surprised to do sth.干某事感到很吃惊。例如：We are much surprised to hear the news.听到这个消息我们感到很吃惊。（4）be surprised that从句。例如：I am surprised that he lost the game.我对他输了那场比赛感到惊异。（5）surprise n. 惊奇，诧异;惊人的事物Tina looked at me in surprise.蒂娜吃惊地看着我。What a surprise to see you here!在这里见到你真是意外！（6）to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是。例如：To my surprise the door wasnt locked.使我惊奇的是门没锁。12.Role play the conversation between Peter and his friend.分角色表演Peter和他的朋友间的对话。13.Whats the matter，Nari?怎么啦，奈瑞？当别人不舒服或遇到麻烦时，你可以问要点点拨“使吃惊”的同义词surprise “叫人诧异，出乎意料”，是常用的词，意思较弱。astonish 使大吃一惊（=surprise greatly） amaze 令人惊愕；含惊叹，佩服之意。其形容词有两种形式。surprising 令人惊奇的。例如a surprising success 意想不到的成功surprised 惊奇的in surprise 惊奇地你怎么了？14.Grammar Focus 语法聚焦谈论问题，提出建议用should 提建议，“应该”当劝某人做或不做某事时，常用should do.；shouldnt do这种说法比用must和ought to更为委婉，表示劝告。例如：全析提示这三种说法意思是一样的，注意里面定冠词的有无。You should attend the meeting.你应该出席那个会议。You shouldnt drink and drive.你不应该喝酒后开车。He should stop smoking.他应该戒烟。要点点拨should在这里是情态动词，后面接动词原形。否定句shouldnt do。例如：You shouldnt leave the baby alone at home.你不应该把婴儿一个人留在家里。Students shouldnt copy the others homework.学生们不该抄别人的作业。要点点拨变否定句时和其他的情态动词一样在后面直接加not。14.Read the conversation.What do you think of the advice?Next to each suggestion，write “good idea ” “okay idea” or “bad idea”.读下面的对话。你认为这些建议怎么样？在每一条建议旁边写上“good idea” “okay idea”或“bad idea”。全析提示good idea 好主意okay idea 一般的主意bad idea 糟糕的主意15.I need to get some money to pay for summer camp.我需要一笔钱付夏令营的费用。needNari needs to exercise three or four times a week according to the doctors advice.根据医生的建议，奈瑞需要一周锻炼3到4次。They need more money to buy a new apartment.他们需要更多的钱去买一个新公寓。You dont need to finish your homework this evening.You may do it later.你不需要今天晚上完成作业，你可以以后做。要点点拨need多作实义动词用，因此多用need to do 和need+sth.这种用法。need 作为情态动词常用在对含有must的句子的否定句中，或回答以must提问的句子的否定回答中。试比较I paid 20 yuan for the bike.I spent 20 yuan on the bike.I spent 20 yuan buying the bike.The bike cost me 20 yuan.思维拓展pay for 和spend 以人作主语，cost 以物作主语。16.You could get a part-time job.你可以做一份零活。part-time adj. 部分时间的；非全日的；兼职的a part-time job 非全日性工作、零活。例如：He found a part-time job to work as a waiter in a restaurant.他在一家饭店找到一份当侍者的兼职工作。17.You could borrow some money from your brother.你可以向你哥哥借一部分钱。全析提示part-time的反义词是whole-time。borrow.from. 向借 例如：We often borrow books from the school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。lend.to. 把借给 例如：He lent his raincoat to Peter yesterday.他昨天把他的雨衣借给彼得了。全析提示borrow是借入，lend是借出。18.Maybe you could have a bake sale.或许你可以搞一个卖糕点的活动。have a bake sale卖糕点19.Then maybe you should call“Teen Talk”，the radio advice program.那么你应该打电话给“青少年访谈”，那个电台的建议节目。teen talk 青少年访谈全析提示sale 卖，出售be on sale 正在出售20.Student A，give advice about getting more money.Student B，say if the ideas are good，okay or bad.学生A对于得到更多钱给出建议。学生B，说一说这个主意是个好主意，一般还是个不好的主意。全析提示give advice 提建议about 关于21.I need some money to buy gifts for my family.我需要一些钱为我的家人买礼物。buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.给某人买某物。例如：I bought a new T-shirt for my son.=I bought my son a new T-shirt.我给我儿子买了一件新T恤衫。Section B1.When you choose clothes，what is important to you?Next to each statement，write “NI”（for not important），“I”（for important） or “VI”（for very important）.当你挑选衣服时，什么对你是重要的？在每条叙述的旁边写上NI（不重要），I（重要）或VI（很重要）。全析提示gift 礼物=present 像buy这种能接双宾语的词还有：give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.pass sb.sth.=pass sth.to sb.2.They are original.它们是新颖的。original 新颖的；独创的。例如：He is an original musician.他是个富有独创力的作曲家。全析提示反义词是old-fashioned3.They are in style.他们是时髦的。in style 时髦的；入时的4.Pairwork 两人小组活动Tell your partner the answers.告诉你的搭档你的回答。思维拓展trend 倾向，趋势the latest trends of womens clothes妇女服装的最新潮流in style n. 时髦人物5.Listen.Erin is calling “Teen Talk”，a radio advice program，to get advice about a problem.Check（） Erins problem.听。埃瑞正在打电话给“青少年访谈”，一个给青少年出主意的电台，为了得到关于一个难题的建议，在埃瑞的问题前打（）。6.My friend wears the same clothes and has the same haircut as I do.我的朋友和我穿同样的衣服，留同样的发式。全析提示advice是不可数名词。get advice 得到建议the same as. 和一样。例如：I have the same shoes as yours.我的鞋和你的一样。My advice is the same as Tinas.我的建议和Tina的一样。7.I think Erin should tell her friend to get different clothes.我认为埃瑞应该告诉她的朋友买不同的衣服。思维拓展反义短语为be different from 不同于。tell sb.to do sth.让某人干某事。例如：My mother always tells me to study hard and get good grades.我妈妈总是叫我努力学习考高分。tell sb.not to do sth. 让某人不要干某事。例如：Tell the children not to play with fire any more.让小孩们不要再玩火了。思维拓展类似的短语还有：ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人干某事ask sb.not to do sth. 要求某人不要干某事8.Read this letter to a newspaper advice column.Underline the problem.读这封给一份报纸的建议栏目的一封信。在问题下面划线。9.I always thought I was popular at school.我过去总以为我在学校很受欢迎。“原以为”这里用thought表示与事实不符的想法、推测等。例如：I thought you were no more than 30 years old.我原以为你不超过30岁。10.I just found out that my friends were planning a birthday party for my best friend，and they didnt invite me.我刚刚发现我的朋友们正在为我最好的朋友筹划一个生日晚会，他们没有邀请我。要点点拨a newspaper advice column 一份报纸的建议栏目find out 找出，发现，查明。例如：Mr Lee asked me to find out who broke the window.李先生让我去查明谁打破的玻璃。plan a birthday party 筹划一个生日聚会思维拓展look for 寻找find 找到，发现find out 查出，查明“plan+某事”表示“计划某事” 。例如：They are planning a handwriting show next Sunday.他们在筹划下周日举办一个书法展。plan to do sth. “计划做；打算去做”。例如：Whats your brother planning to do tomorrow?你弟弟明天打算做什么？11.Everyone else in my class has been invited except me.除了我，我们班的每个人都被邀请了。要点点拨plan+名词表示“计划做某事”。plan to do sth. 计划做某事else“其他的”，主要用来修饰不定代词、疑问代词（副词）。例如：What else did he say?他还说了些什么？Who else is coming?还有别人来吗？Anything else I can do for you?我还能为你做些别的事吗？I took somebody elses umbrella by mistake.我错拿了别人的雨伞。思维拓展注意else和other的区别，other“其他的”，放在名词或代词的前面。else“其他的”，放在不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词的后面。except指将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外。例如：All came except Jim.除了吉姆都来了。except for说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正；其后一般接名词。例如：Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes.except that“除了”，用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况。例如：Your article is quite good except that there are several spelling mistakes.12.Im very upset and dont know what to do.我非常烦恼，不知该做什么。全析提示We all succeeded except Tom.除了汤姆我们都成功了。试比较：besides“除之外尚有，外加”。We all succeeded besides Tom.除了汤姆成功外，我们也都成功了。upset 心烦的；不安的，烦恼的。例如：She is very upset by doing so.她这样做非常不安。思维拓展同义词 worried，anxious13.Think of some advice for “Lonely kid”.Fill in the blanks in Marys letter.为孤独的孩子想出些建议。在玛丽的信中填空。think of 想出，制定出。例如：Think of an idea to solve the problem.想出一个主意来解决这个难题。思维拓展think about 考虑think out 设计出，解决think over 仔细考虑14.Write your own letter to an advice column.Your problem can be real or imaginary.Read your letter to the class and ask for advice.你自己为一个建议栏目写一封信。你的问题可以是真的，也可以是想象出来的。把你的信读给同学们听并寻求建议。全析提示real反义词为false，副词为really。ask for 请求，询问。例如：She asked for time to think it over.她要求给她时间来仔细考虑一下。15.Your best friend is more popular than you.你最好的朋友比你更受欢迎。思维拓展ask for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃more popular 更受欢迎。例如：English is more popular than any other subject.英语比其他学科更受欢迎。16.You could be friendlier.你可以更友好一些。思维拓展popular流行的；受欢迎的most popular 最受欢迎的friendly的比较级是friendlier。例如：You should try to be friendlier to the old.你应该尽量对老年人更友好一些。Self check1.Fill in the blanks with the words given.Then make your own sentences with the words.用所给的单词填空。然后用这些单词造句。思维拓展friendlyfriendlierfriendliestfriendly 反义词unfriendly2.Read the letter to Aunt Chens advice column and then write some advice.读这封陈阿姨的建议栏目的信然后写出几点建议。3.We get on well.我们相处得很好。全析提示Aunt Chens advice column 陈阿姨的建议栏目（是一个栏目的名称）get on well with sb.与某人相处得好。例如：Nancy is always getting on well with her classmates.南希一直和她的同学们相处得很好。4.I dont want to have a fight with my cousin.我不想和我的表妹吵架。思维拓展get on还可以指进展的情况。have a fight with sb.=fight with sb.与某人打架，与某人争执。例如：They had a fight with the enemy at the foot of the hill.他们在山脚下和敌人展开了战斗。ReadingSection 1Before You Read 读前准备思维拓展fight n. 打架 vi. 打仗，战斗，指一般的斗争。struggle 斗争，指肉体上和精神上的搏斗。1.What after-school activities can you think of?Complete the boxes.你能想出什么作为放学后的活动？完成下列表格。思维拓展after school 放学后after class 课后2.Look up these words in a dictionary.Check（） each one when you understand.在词典里查出下列单词。在每一个你懂得的后面划（）。Section 2While You Read 阅读中全析提示look up 查（字典）；抬头看3.Maybe you should learn to relax!或许你应该学会放松。learn to do sth. 学习干某事。例如：I learned to swim last summer.去年夏天我学着游泳。4.Cathy takes the two boys from football to basketball.凯茜带两个男孩去参加足球和篮球的课程。from.to.从到。例如：from 1 to 100 从1到100from door to door 挨家挨户思维拓展relax vt. & vi. 放松relaxing adj. 放松的relaxed adj. 放松的5.Then she has to take her daughter to piano lessons.然后她把女儿带去上钢琴课。take.to. 把带到。例如：My parents will take me to Hawaii to spend our vacation.我父母将会带我到夏威夷度假。6.The tired children dont get home until 7 p.m.疲惫的孩子们直到七点才能到家。全析提示注意和下面结构的区别：It take（s） sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人干某事not.until 直到才。例如：The boy couldnt get to sleep until his mother got home.这个男孩直到他妈妈回家才睡着。7.Parents take their children from activity to activity，and try to fit them as much as possible.父母带孩子们从一个活动到另一个活动，为他们的将来作准备。全析提示until=till 直到fit v. 使合适；使准备好。例如：They are taking special training to fit them for the job.他们正在接受特殊的训练使他们适合这项工作。8.Doctors say many children are under too much pressure.医生说孩子们承受着太大的压力。思维拓展fit fitted fitted fitting vt. & vi 使合适fit fitter fittest adj. 合适的（1）pressure n. 压力，强迫。例如：Dont put much pressure on the handle;it may break.不要在把柄上太用力了，它会断的。We must bring pressure in him.我们应对他施加压力。思维拓展press vt. & vi. 压，逼迫pressure n. 压，按（2）too much 太多。例如：Dont put too much sugar into the coffee.不要在咖啡里加太多的糖。9.Most children take part in after-school clubs.大多数孩子参加了课外活动小组。思维拓展注意区分too much和much too：too much （太多）+名词much too （太）+形容词/副词take part in 出席，参加。例如：He always takes part in different kinds of meetings.他经常出席种种会议。after-school club 课外活动小组。例如：Id like to take part in after-school club to practice the piano.我愿意参加课外活动小组去练习钢琴。思维拓展“参加”的不同表达法：take part in指参加群众性的活动、会议、竞赛、考试等。join指加入某党派、团体，并成为其中一员，后面也可以接us，them等表示一群人的词或词组中，表示参加到这群人的活动中。10.Activities include sports，language learning，music，and math classes.各种各样的活动包括运动、语言学习、音乐和数学课。include vt.