中级宏观经济学付费版题库9经济增长Ⅱ技术、经验和政策.doc

Name: _ Date: _1.The efficiency of labor is a term that does not reflect the:A)high output that comes from labor cooperating with a large amount of capital.B)health of the labor force.C)education of the labor force.D)skills of the labor force acquired through on-the-job training.2.The efficiency of labor:A)is the marginal product of labor.B)is the rate of growth of the labor force.C)includes the knowledge, health, and skills of labor.D)equals output per worker.3.The number of effective workers takes into account the number of workers and the:A)amount of capital available to each worker.B)rate of growth of the number of workers.C)efficiency of each worker.D)saving rate of each worker.4.The rate of labor-augmenting technological progress (g) is the growth rate of:A)labor.B)the efficiency of labor.C)capital.D)output.5.Assuming that technological progress increases the efficiency of labor at a constant rate is called:A)endogenous technological progress.B)the efficiency-wage model of economic growth.C)labor-augmenting technological progress.D)the Golden Rule model of economic growth.6.If the labor force is growing at a 3 percent rate and the efficiency of a unit of labor is growing at a 2 percent rate, then the number of effective workers is growing at a rate of:A)2 percent.B)3 percent.C)5 percent.D)6 percent.7.In a steady-state economy with a saving rate s, population growth n, and labor-augmenting technological progress g, the formula for the steady-state ratio of capital per effective worker (k*), in terms of output per effective worker (f(k*), is (denoting the depreciation rate by d):A)sf(k)/(d + n + g).B)s/(f(k)( d + n + g).C)f(k)/(s)( d + n + g).D)(s f(k)/( d + n + g).8.In the Solow growth model with population growth and technological change, the break-even level of investment must cover:A)depreciating capital.B)depreciating capital and capital for new workers.C)depreciating capital and capital for new effective workers.D)depreciating capital, capital for new workers, and capital for new effective workers.9.In the Solow growth model, the steady-state growth rate of output per effective worker is _, and the steady-state growth rate of output per actual worker is _.A)the sum of the rate of technological progress plus the rate of population growth; zeroB)zero; the rate of technological progressC)zero; zeroD)the rate of technological progress; the rate of population growth10.In the Solow growth model with population growth and technological change, the steady-state growth rate of income per person depends on:A)the rate of population growth.B)the saving rate.C)the rate of technological progress.D)the rate of population growth plus the rate of technological progress.11.In a steady-state economy with population growth n and labor-augmenting technological progress g, persistent increases in standards of living are possible because the:A)capital stock grows faster than does the labor force.B)capital stock grows faster than does the number of effective workers.C)rate of depreciation constantly decreases.D)saving rate constantly increases.12.According to the Solow model, persistently rising living standards can only be explained by:A)population growth.B)capital accumulation.C)saving rates.D)technological progress.13.In the Solow model with technological change, the Golden Rule level of capital is the steady state that maximizes:A)output per worker.B)output per effective worker.C)consumption per worker.D)consumption per effective worker.14.With population growth at rate n and labor-augmenting technological progress at rate g, the Golden Rule steady state requires that the marginal product of capital (MPK):A)net of depreciation be equal to n + g.B)net of depreciation be equal to the depreciation rate plus n + g.C)plus n be equal to the depreciation rate plus g.D)plus g be equal to the depreciation rate plus n.15.In the Solow model with technological progress, the steady-state growth rate of capital per effective worker is:A)0.B)g.C)n.D)n + g.16.In a Solow model with technological change, if population grows at a 2 percent rate and the efficiency of labor grows at a 3 percent rate, then in the steady state, output per effective worker grows at a _ percent rate.A)0B)2C)3D)517.In a Solow model with technological change, if population grows at a 2 percent rate and the efficiency of labor grows at a 3 percent rate, then in the steady state, output per actual worker grows at a _ percent rate.A)0B)2C)3D)518.In a Solow model with technological change, if population grows at a 2 percent rate and the efficiency of labor grows at a 3 percent rate, then in the steady state, total output grows at a _ percent rate.A)0B)2C)3D)519.In the Solow model with technological progress, the steady-state growth rate of output per effective worker is:A)0.B)g.C)n.D)n + g.20.In the Solow model with technological progress, the steady-state growth rate of output per (actual) worker is:A)0.B)g.C)n.D)n + g.21.In the Solow model with technological progress, the steady-state growth rate of total output is:A)0.B)g.C)n.D)n + g.22.Over the past 50 years in the United States:A)output per worker hour, capital stock per worker hour, the real wage, and the real rental price of capital have all increased about 2 percent per year.B)output per worker hour, the real wage, and the real rental price of capital have all increased about 2 percent per year, whereas capital stock per worker hour has increased faster.C)output per worker hour and the real wage have both increased about 2 percent per year, whereas capital stock per worker hour has increased faster and the real rental price of capital has remained about the same.D)output per worker hour, the real wage, and capital stock per worker hour have all increased about 2 percent per year, whereas the real rental price of capital has remained about the same.23.In the Solow model with technological progress, by increasing the efficiency of labor at rate g:A)the real wage and the real rental price of capital both grow at rate g.B)the real wage grows at rate g but the real rental price of capital is constant.C)the real wage is constant but the real rental price of capital grows at rate g.D)both the real wage and the real rental price of capital are constant.24.The balanced growth property of the Solow growth model with population growth and technological progress predicts which of the following sets of variables will grow at the same rate in the steady state?A)output per effective worker, capital per effective worker, real wageB)output per worker, capital per worker, real wageC)real rental price of capital, real wage, output per workerD)capital-output ratio, output per worker, capital per worker25.The Solow model predicts that two economies will converge if the economies start with the same:A)capital stocks.B)populations.C)steady states.D)production functions.26.Conditional convergence occurs when economies converge to:A)the same steady state as other economies.B)the Golden Rule steady state.C)the balanced-growth steady state.D)their own, individual steady states.27.International data suggest that economies of countries with different steady states will converge to:A)the same steady state.B)their own steady state.C)the Golden Rule steady state.D)steady states below the Golden Rule level.28.If two economies are identical (including having the same saving rates, population growth rates, and efficiency of labor), but one economy has a smaller capital stock, then the steady-state level of income per worker in the economy with the smaller capital stock:A)will be at a lower level than in the steady state of the high capital economy.B)will be at a higher level than in the steady state of the high capital economy.C)will be at the same level as in the steady state of the high capital economy.D)will be proportional to the ratio of the capital stocks in the two economies.29.If two economies are identical (with the same population growth rates and rates of technological progress), but one economy has a lower saving rate, then the steady-state level of income per worker in the economy with the lower saving rate:A)will be at a lower level than in the steady state of the high-saving economy.B)will be at a higher level than in the steady state of the high-saving economy.C)will be at the same level as in the steady state of the high-saving economy.D)will grow at a slower rate than in the high-saving economy.30.Empirical investigations into whether differences in income per person are the result of differences in the quantities of the factors of production available or differences in the efficiency with which the factors are employed typically find:A)a negative correlation between the quantity of factors and the efficiency of use.B)a positive correlation between the quantity of factors and the efficiency of use.C)no correlation between the quantity of factors and the efficiency of use.D)large gaps between the quantity of factors accumulated and the efficiency of use.31.Hypotheses to explain the positive correlation between factor accumulation and production efficiency include each of the following except:A)the quality of a nations institutions influences both factor accumulation and production efficiency.B)capital accumulation causes greater production efficiency.C)efficient economies make capital accumulation unnecessary.D)an efficient economy encourages capital (including human capital) accumulation.32.International differences in income per person in accounting terms must be attributed to differences in either _ and/or _.A)factor accumulation; production efficiencyB)constant returns to scale; the marginal product of capitalC)unemployment rates; depreciation ratesD)consumption; interest rates33.Differences in factor accumulation and/or differences in production efficiency must account for all international differences in:A)human capital and physical capital.B)saving rates and population growth rate.C)income per person.D)labor efficiency.34.The preponderance of empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that economies that are open to trade _ than comparable closed economies.A)grow more rapidlyB)have lower steady-state levels of income per worker due to foreign competitionC)have faster rates of population growth and technological progressD)converge more slowly to a steady-state equilibrium35.Empirical evidence supports the theory that free trade:A)increases economic growth.B)decreases economic growth.C)increases imports, but decreases exports because of greater global competition.D)increases both imports and exports, but does not contribute to overall economic growth.36.If the marginal product of capital net depreciation equals 8 percent, the rate of growth of population equals 2 percent, and the rate of labor-augmenting technical progress equals 2 percent, to reach the Golden Rule level of the capital stock, the _ rate in this economy must be _.A)saving; increased.B)population growth; decreasedC)depreciation; decreasedD)total output growth; decreased37.If the marginal product of capital net of depreciation equals 10 percent and the rate of population growth equals 2 percent, then this economy will be at the Golden Rule steady state if the rate of technological progress equals _ percent.A)0B)2C)8D)1038.Which of the following changes would bring the U.S. capital stock, currently below the Golden Rule level, closer to the steady-state, consumption-maximizing level?A)increasing the population growth rateB)increasing the rate of capital depreciationC)increasing the rate of technological progressD)increasing the saving rate39.The analysis in Chapter 9 of the current capital stock in the United States versus the Golden Rule level of capital stock shows that the capital stock in the United States is:A)well above the Golden Rule level.B)about equal to the Golden Rule level.C)well below the Golden Rule level.D)slightly above the Golden Rule level.40.Other things being equal, all of the following government policies are likely to increase national saving except:A)decreasing taxes on savings accounts.B)running a budget deficit.C)running a budget surplus.D)retiring part of the national debt.41.Economic research shows that _ in explaining international differences in living standards.A)physical capital is more important than human capitalB)human capital is at least as important as physical capitalC)human capital is much more important than physical capitalD)infrastructure is the most important factor42.A possible externality associated with the process of accumulating new capital is that:A)a reduction in labor productivity may occur.B)new production processes may be devised.C)old capital may be made more productive.D)the government may need to adopt an industrial policy.43.English-style legal systems give _ protections to shareholders and creditors than French Napoleonic Codes, typically resulting in _ capital markets and faster rates of economic growth.A)greater; more developedB)greater; more corruptC)less; more developedD)less; less corrupt44.The type of legal system and the level of corruption in a country have been found to be:A)unrelated to the rate of economic growth in a country.B)significant determinants of the rate of economic growth in a country.C)important topics for political discussion, but not economic explanations of growth.D)important variables explaining the Golden Rule level of capital.45.One explanation for greater economic development in moderate versus tropical climates is that institutions established by colonial settlers in moderate climates _, while institutions established by colonists in tropical climates _.A)were based on English common law; were based on the Napoleonic CodeB)were based on the Napoleonic Code; were based on English common lawC)protected property rights; were extractive and authoritarianD)were extractive and authoritarian; protected property rights46.Public policies in the United States designed to stimulate technological progress do not include:A)tax breaks to encourage homeownership.B)the temporary monopoly granted by the patent system.C)tax breaks for research and development.D)subsidies given by the National Science Foundation.47.The recent worldwide slowdown in economic growth began in the early:A)1960s.B)1970s.C)1980s.D)1990s.48.If productivity growth in the United States had remained at its level before the recent productivity slowdown, real income today would be more than _ percent higher.A)10B)20C)30D)4049.The productivity slowdown that began in the 1970s has been attributed, at least partly, to each of the following except:A)running out of new ideas about how to produce.B)a deterioration in the quality of education.C)a decline in the number of workers in the labor force.D)a lower average level of experience among workers.50.Increases in the rate of growth of income per person in the United States in the mid-1990s is mostly likely the result of:A)increases in human capital.B)increases in physical capital.C)advances in information technology.D)an increase in the saving rate.51.Endogenous growth theory rejects the assumption of exogenous:A)production functions.B)rates of depreciation.C)population growth rates.D)technological change.52.In the Solow growth model, technological change is _, whereas in endogenous growth theories, technological change is _.A)assumed; explainedB)explained; assumedC)persistent; constantD)constant; persistent53.In the Solow growth model, capital exhibits _ returns. In the basic endogenous growth model, capital exhibits _ returns.A)constant; diminishingB)constant; constantC)diminishing; constantD)diminishing; diminishing54.In the basic endogenous growth model, income can grow forevereven without exogenous technological progressbecause:A)the saving rate equals the rate of depreciation.B)the saving rate exceeds the rate of depreciation.C)capital does not exhibit diminishing returns.D)capital exhibits diminishing returns.55.The endogenous growth models assumption of constant returns to capital is more plausible if capital is defined to include:A)plant and equipment.B)knowledge.C)depreciation.D)technology.56.If Y is output, K is capital, u is the fraction of the labor force in universities, L is labor, and E is the stock of knowledge, and the production Y = F(K,(1 u) EL) exhibits constant returns to scale, then output (Y) will double if:A)K is doubled.B)K and u are doubled.C)K and E are doubled.D)L is doubled.57.In the two-sector endogenous growth model, the sav