外文翻译-船用发动机废气余热回收设计.doc

本科生毕业设计 (论文)外 文 翻 译原 文 标 题Design of marine engine exhaust heat recovery device译 文 标 题船用发动机尾气余热回收装置设计作者所在系别机电工程学院作者所在专业车辆工程作者所在班级作 者 姓 名作 者 学 号指导教师姓名指导教师职称副高完 成 时 间2017年3月5日北华航天工业学院教务处制译文标题船用发动机尾气余热回收装置设计原文标题Design of marine engine exhaust heat recovery device作 者JahedulIslamChowdhury译 名埃尔祖鲁姆国 籍土耳其原文出处Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture译文：船用发动机尾气余热回收装置设计在当今社会上，废气余热已经成为了一种对环境污染和资源浪费的现象，本文主要设计了船用发动机废气余热回收的装置，也就是余热发电系统的模型。文章主要介绍了余热发电系统模型的设计方案，主要原理是，在两个发电元件之间通过温度差，将热能转化为电能。主要构成由有冷源和热源，微型发电机组成。其特点是，使用便利，质量高，对环境无害，同时又节约了能源。文章建立的余热发电机系统模型的理论基础是建立在汤姆森效应之上。关键词：余热利用, 余热发电模型, 汤姆森效应一、余热发电理论目前在微电子发电机研究方面，国外微电子发电机的理论具有代表性的是普林斯顿大学，南加州大学和密歇根大学。美国的研究成果大多集中在日本的废热使用研究的军事，航空航天，实践和高科技方面，已经应用了热电发电机组。 我国现阶段状况：热电是可逆的，热电发电和半导体冷却是热电现象的两个方面，相互可逆。 一般是PN结，假设温差可以用来发电，若是电源，可以在一端使用冷。半导体制冷和使用具有一定的程度，已经有商业设施和发售，然而温差发电, 这几乎是一个空白。这是因为我国在军事高科技研发能力相对落后。现阶段随着何种学术互补，我国许多学者对外接触相干技术，在以后的发展中，这种情况一定会逐渐改善。 余热发电的前提是利用余热发生器，他是将热电材料产生的热电效应转化为电流。包括塞贝克效应，珀耳帖效应和汤姆森效应。这三个因素与开尔文关系：有关，如图所示：该装置的结构与传统的跨平面型微电子冷却装置的结构相同。交叉平面微电子冷却装置的原理与传统的热电冷却装置的原理非常相似，除了基板和热电偶臂本体成为薄膜材料之外，由于在这种冰箱构造中，热流的导向和基板其表面是如此垂直所谓的。双层基板是连接到冷端和发电机的热端的热电偶。其原理是：根据塞贝克效应，当发电机的冷热端温度差时，电路会产生电流。他使用厚膜Bi2Te3合金材料，同时保持热电臂的横截面积和长度比相同的条件，减少热电吊臂，增加每单位体积密度的热功率。同时，微电子发电装置连接数万个热电偶，在低温差下获得电压高电压，这种微电热发电装置的另一个特点是其制造工艺结合了电化学沉积和集成电路蚀刻工艺。测试装置由2300个热电偶组成，热电臂的长度为50m，直径为6m。 在8.5K的温差下，可以在4.1V的电压下提供22mw的功率。 试验表明，上述所用可用于MEMS，提供微功率。 目前，JPL正在研发使用P型和N型Bi2T3，纳米线替代厚膜合金，便用相似的措施完成更小尺寸的半导体电偶臂。当然发电器的构造还有很多，然而就目前的选取的几种上述结果证明，微卷热电转换器的热损失较小，热能利用率较高，但微加工愈加艰巨。同时，因为热电材料在温度梯度方向上为串联，所以热电材料的温度差不是很大，所以发电量也很小。薄膜热电发电程序从来说微处理技术相对成熟，其尺寸相对较小。但是由一般低功率产生的功率，仅有微瓦热电堆PN结相对于温度场是一个并联结构，每对PN结具备一样的温差，所以每对PN结串联，功率较大，另外，热源腔最好设计得相对大一点，这样燃料燃烧，温度掌控等比较容易，然而热损失比微型线圈发电机要大。在这里用热电堆式热电发生器作为热电电源的重要部件来设计。二、余热发电模块设计热电堆型微电热发电机主要包括上，下热罩，分流芯片，焊料层，PN结悬臂和输出线等部件。 微电子发电机的输出功率和效率会被接触电阻影响，汤姆逊效应和温度波动的影响以及热覆盖片，导流板和焊料层对热导率的影响。热电发电器模块的设计有水流道、气流道和热电发电偶臂的构造设计。设计这个模块的形态要注意热量的最大利用。余热发电器模块设计通常有，微卷式SwissRoll，热电堆和薄膜热发电，在这三者之间进行比较发现，微卷式虽然热量损失小，但是加工很复杂，没有条件不便使用。薄膜热发电的处理技术相对不成熟，而且功率很低，不宜进行试验。PN节和温度场的热电堆并联，每对PN结温差相同，所以每对PN结串联，发电功率较大，最终采用热电堆热电，发电机作为火力发电的部件来设计。为达到最大热量的利用，所以我想到了“双管形热电发电器”和“方形热电发电器”，双管形热电发电器的热量利用率比方形热电发电器要高，但其应用中制作方面要求较高而且维修不方便，方形热电发电器不但具有较高的热利用率，并且后期用于制造方便，维修简单所以最后采用方形热电发电器。下面我以简图的形式来介绍一下方形热电发电器电偶臂的具体组成：三、余热发电器设计 发电机组主要有热盖基板，导流板和电臂三部分。 当电臂端部之间的温差，P，N结两种不同的热电材料会产生Seebeck（Seebeck）效应，所以电路中有电流。 PN电动臂式热电发电机在通风管与水管之间， PN热电偶热电发电机有电绝缘热套，引流铜和PN电臂，热盖95的氧化铝陶瓷， 导电层材料为铜板，焊料层为75和95的锡和导电银塑料和高温银浆。 电臂材料为Bi2Se3，热电发电机电臂横截面尺寸为3mm3mm，高16.4mm，电臂对对199对。 从以往的理论分析可以看出，热电材料的选择赛贝克越高，质量越好。四、余热发电器的工艺设计热电发电机电臂横截面尺寸大多为1mm2以上，粒径较大，热电材料切割比较容易。 PN结臂放在阵列的专用的模具中，用手动方法，总的加工相对容易。流程图如图321。现具体阐述如下：在用导向层处理陶瓷基板之后，接下来是生产电臂。 因为电动臂的尺寸小，材料脆性好，所以这里是一个硅模工艺，也就是先制成一个正方形的正方形的硅模阵列，再放入熔融的热电材料中，并将发电机覆盖的基板，再去除原有的硅模，留下热电电偶臂。 详细的硅模工艺如下：按照热电发生器的设计，制造光刻胶曝光用掩模膜。使用厚度为0.3mm0.5mm的抛光硅晶片，尺寸为8.“荡涤硅晶片，用氢氟酸缓冲液作为蚀刻溶液除去二氧化硅的外表，并在涂层上放置一层光机器光致抗蚀剂的厚度约为50微米。曝光显影后，光致抗蚀剂在硅晶片的表面上形成方孔阵列，再经过深度光刻，硅晶片形成方孔阵列，形成方孔阵列不是一个通孔，而是一个方形凹槽阵列。然后去除硅片上的光刻胶。两片晶片，涂在光致抗蚀剂的另一面，重复曝光显影，光刻，清洗等。方槽的另一面在方槽两侧形成的阵列排列成一列。这时要求在高温炉中需要硅模，将P型和N型半导体悬臂材料放在石英容器r用于高温加热和加热直到熔融温度为约650。然后，将P型热电材料注入硅模侧面上的方形槽中，并且在硅模具冷却之后，固化了硅模，将硅模翻转，将N型热电材料注入到模具的另一侧。再通过行硅模冷却，热电材料固化。结束时在硅片两面研磨直到露出热电偶，并按照需求的热电偶高度，确定研磨和研磨的量经过模具的厚度电臂和焊接层的接合，发电机切割封装，要求得到热电发生器。 用图形来体现。整个工艺有涂胶、曝光显影、光刻、铸模以及键合封装等工艺，主要应用了硅模和电偶臂的制造工艺。 图3-21pn电偶臂五、总结 船舶机舱是一个大的分布式能源系统,作为船舶动力核心的主机,是整个能源系统合理分布与有效利用的关键。主机排气余热所占比例极大,而且这部分余热的品质较高,是船上余热利用的主要来源。文中紧接着对该船排气余热的利用进行了分析,得出了排气余热的热平衡图,并通过对余热使用条件的分析,说明了低品质余热的大量利用还存在许多困难,未来能使用这部分余热的新型设备将会极大地提高船舶柴油机的热经济性。原文：Design of Waste Heat Recovery Device for Marine EngineIn todays society, waste heat has become a kind of environmental pollution and waste of resources phenomenon, this paper mainly designed the marine engine exhaust waste heat recovery device, that is, waste heat power generation system model.This paper mainly introduces the design scheme of the waste heat power generation system model. The main principle is that the thermal energy is converted into electric energy by the temperature difference between the two power generation components. The main component consists of a cold source and a heat source, a micro-generator. It is characterized by the use of convenience, high quality, harmless to the environment, while saving energy.The theoretical basis of the system model for the waste heat generator system is based on the Thomson effect.Key words: waste heat utilization, waste heat power generation model, Thomson effect1.Waste heat generation theoryAt present in the microelectronic generator research, the theory of foreign microelectronic generators is representative of Princeton University, University of Southern California and University of Michigan. Most of the research results in the United States have focused on the use of waste heat in Japans military, aerospace, practice and high-tech aspects of the application of thermoelectric generating units. Chinas current situation: thermoelectric is reversible, thermoelectric power generation and semiconductor cooling is the thermoelectric phenomenon of two aspects, mutual reversible. Usually PN junction, assuming that the temperature difference can be used to generate electricity, if the power supply, you can use cold at one end Semiconductor refrigeration and use has a certain degree, there are already commercial facilities and sale, but the thermoelectric power generation, which is almost a blank. This is because our country in the military high-tech R & D capability is relatively backward. At this stage with what kind of academic complementarity, many scholars of our foreign contact with the relevant technology, in the future development, this situation will gradually improve.Waste heat power generation is the premise of the use of waste heat generator, he is the thermoelectric effect of thermoelectric materials into electricity. Including the Seebeck effect, the Peltier effect and the Thomson effect. These three factors relate to Kelvin: as shown in the figure:The structure of the device is the same as that of the conventional cross-planar microelectronic cooling device. The principle of the cross-planar microelectronic cooling device is very similar to that of the conventional thermoelectric cooling device. In addition to the substrate and the thermocouple arm body being a film material, since the heat flow is guided and the surface of the substrate is so vertical So-called. The double substrate is a thermocouple connected to the cold end and the hot end of the generator. The principle is: According to the Seebeck effect, when the generator hot and cold temperature difference, the circuit will produce current. He used thick film Bi2Te3 alloy material while maintaining the thermal power arm cross-sectional area and length ratio of the same conditions, reducing the thermoelectric boom, increasing the thermal power per unit volume density. At the same time, microelectronic power generation devices connected tens of thousands of thermocouples, low voltage difference in the voltage obtained under high voltage, this micro-electric power plant is another feature of its manufacturing process combines the electrochemical deposition and integrated circuit etching process. The test device consists of 2300 thermocouples with a length of 50 m and a diameter of 6 m. In the 8.5K temperature difference, can be 4.1V voltage to provide 22mw of power. Experiments show that the above can be used for MEMS, providing micropower. At present, JPL is developing the use of P-type and N-type Bi2T3, nanowires instead of thick film alloy, with similar measures to complete the smaller size of the semiconductor electric arm.Of course, there are many structures of the generator, but the current selection of several of the above results show that micro-roll thermoelectric converter heat loss is small, high thermal efficiency, but the micro-processing more difficult. At the same time, because the thermoelectric material in the direction of temperature gradient in series, so the thermoelectric material temperature difference is not great, so the power generation is also very small. Thin film thermoelectric power generation process has been relatively mature microprocessing technology, its size is relatively small. However, the power generated by the general low power, only the micro-tile pyroelectric PN junction relative to the temperature field is a parallel structure, each pair of PN junction with the same temperature difference, so each pair of PN junction in series, the power is large, in addition, the heat source cavity It is best to design a relatively large, so that fuel combustion, temperature control and other relatively easy, but the heat loss than the micro-coil generator to large. Where the thermopile thermoelectric generator is used as an important part of the thermoelectric power supply.2. Waste heat power generation module designThermopile-type micro-electric generator mainly includes upper and lower heat shield, shunt chip, solder layer, PN junction cantilever and output lines and other components. The output power and efficiency of the microelectronic generator are affected by the contact resistance, the influence of the Thomson effect and the temperature fluctuation, and the effect of the thermal cover sheet, the baffle plate and the solder layer on the thermal conductivity.The design of the thermoelectric generator module is the structural design of the water flow channel, the air flow path and the thermoelectric power generation arm. Design the form of this module should pay attention to the maximum use of heat.The design of the waste heat generator module is usually made by the micro-roll SwissRoll, the thermopile and the thin film thermal power generation, and the comparison between the three found that the micro-roll type, although the heat loss is small, but the processing is very complicated and there is no inconvenience to use. Thin film thermal power treatment technology is relatively immature, and the power is very low, should not be tested.PN junction and the temperature field of the thermopile in parallel, each pair of PN junction temperature difference is the same, so each pair of PN junction in series, generating power larger, the final use of thermopile thermoelectric, generators as a thermal power generation components to design. In order to achieve maximum heat utilization, so I think of the double-tube thermoelectric generator and square thermoelectric generator, double-tube thermoelectric generator heat utilization than the square thermoelectric generator to be high, but its production High demand and maintenance is not convenient, square thermoelectric generator not only has a high heat utilization, and later for manufacturing convenience, easy maintenance so the final use of square thermoelectric generator.Here I am in the form of a brief introduction to the square thermoelectric generator electric arm of the specific composition:3. Waste heat generator designThe main generating units are hot cover substrate, baffle and electric arm three parts. When the temperature difference between the ends of the boom, P, N knot two different thermoelectric materials will produce Seebeck (Seebeck) effect, so the circuit current.PN electric boom thermoelectric generator between the ventilation pipe and the water pipe, PN thermocouple thermoelectric generator with electrical insulation sets, copper and PN electric discharge, hot cover 95% alumina ceramic, conductive layer material for the copper, solder The layers are 75% and 95% tin and conductive silver plastic and high temperature silver paste. Electric arm material for the Bi2Se3, thermoelectric generator arm cross-sectional size of 3mm 3mm, 16.4mm high, the pair of pairs of pairs of electricity. From the previous theoretical analysis can be seen, the choice of thermoelectric materials, the higher the quality of Baker, the better the quality.4. Waste heat generator process designThermoelectric generator electric arm cross-sectional size of most of 1mm2 or more, larger particle size, thermoelectric material cutting easier. PN junction arm placed in the array of special mold, with manual method, the total processing is relatively easy. The flow chart is shown in Figure 3-21.Is specifically described as follows:After the ceramic substrate is treated with the guide layer, the arm is subsequently produced. Because the size of the electric arm is small, the material is brittle, so here is a silicon mold process, that is, first made of a square square silicon mold array, and then into the molten thermoelectric materials, and the generator covered substrate, And then remove the original silicon mold, leaving the thermocouple arm.The detailed silicon mold process is as follows: According to the thermoelectric generator design, the photoresist exposure mask film is manufactured. Using a polished silicon wafer with a thickness of 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm and a size of 8. The silicon wafer was washed with a hydrofluoric acid buffer as an etching solution to remove the appearance of the silica and a layer of light was placed on the coating The thickness of the resist is about 50 microns.When the exposure is developed, the photoresist forms a square hole array on the surface of the silicon wafer, and then undergoes deep lithography, the silicon wafer forms a square hole array, and the square hole array is not a pass Hole, but a square groove array. Then remove the photoresist on the silicon chip. Two wafers, coated on the other side of the photoresist, repeat exposure development, lithography, cleaning, etc. The other side of the square The p-type and N-type semiconductor cantilever materials are required to be placed in the quartz vessel r for high temperature heating and heating until the melting temperature is about 650 C. Then, a silicon mold is required in the high temperature furnace, , The P-type thermoelectric material is injected into the square groove on the side of the silicon mold, and after the silicon mold is cooled, the silicon mold is solidified, the silicon mold is inverted, the N-type thermoelectric material is injected into t