完形填空课件2.ppt

英语专题复习,完形填空,M:Wouldyoupleasetellmewhatyouweredoingwhentheaccidenthappenedandwhatyousaw?W:Yes,Iwas(1)d_homefromwork.Itwasabout5:15,andtherewasabluecarinfrontofme.WewerebothdrivingalongHarborRoad(2)w_asmallwhiteFordsuddenlyshotoutofthesideroad.Itshotrightinfrontofthebluecar.Thedrivertriedtostop,butitwasimpossible.He(3)r_intothewhiteFord.M:Whatsthe(4)s_ofthecarinfrontofyouwhentheaccidenthappened?W:Thebluecar?Thirtymilesanhour.Certainlynomorethanthat.M:AndthewhiteFordshotout,riving,hen,an,peed,withoutany(5)w_?W:Yes,thatsright.M:Howcanyoumake(6)s_thatthebluecarwasonlydoingthirty?W:BecauseIwasonlydoingthirty,andthebluecarwasntgoingany(7)f_thanIwas.M:Areyousureofthat?Absolutelypositive?,W:Yes,Iam.Impositive.M:Howcanyoubesopositive?Wereyou(8)l_atyourspeedmeterwhentheaccidenthappened?W:Ofcoursenot.Iwaslookingattheroadahead.ThatshowI(9)m_toseetheaccident.,arning,ure,aster,ooking,anage,M:Well,ifyouwerenotlookingatyourspeedmeterhowcanyoupossiblybesurehowfastyouweregoing?W:BecauseInevergofasterthan30onthatroad.Its(10)a_law.,gainst,1.阅读理解的能力，尤其是跳读能力；2.归纳、判断、分析和推理的能力，找准主题、话题以及了解篇章结构的能力；3.熟练扎实的词汇和语法知识。,一.考查目的,二试题特点,1.选文特点完形填空都为叙述文体，夹叙夹议,(也有少数说明文,议论文,)思路明确，结构完整，语言丰富，可读性强.文章一般在260-300词之间；难度低于阅读理解题中的短文，与高三课文水平相当，所选短文结构严谨，层次分明、逻辑性强。,2.语言特点（1）四个选项一般属于同一词类，相同语义范畴；（2）选项大多是一个单词,语法意义选择少，语义选择多；（3）跨越句子层次的题占绝大多数，就是说只读懂设空所在句子便可找到答案的题，仅占极少数，大多数的选项的答案要通过段落甚至全文来找到；以2003年北京考题为例，属于句子层次的题目仅为7小题，其余13小题均需要考虑到设空句以外的其他句、段内容甚至从全文角度来考虑。,3.设空特点1）设空密度稳定。在260-300个词左右的短文中，设空20个，平均设空密度为10-15个单词设1个空。稳定的设空密度决定了完形填空题稳定的命题难度。2）设空以实词(动词,名词,形容词)为主，虚词为辅；单词为主，短语为辅。,3）设空注重在语境中考查词义，但是，完形填空题对词汇的考查并未设置太大的障碍，选项所涉及的词汇，95%左右出自课本，而且仅涉及基本意义和用法。在联系上下文的情况下，考生很容易能将两个选项排除，剩下两项，只要对上下文再进行细致的推敲，对所剩两词的词义进行细微的辨析，也很快能确定正确答案。1996年以来几乎所有的选项，都要通过联系上下文而确定，而单纯的语法选择填空已经从试题中消失。,4）设空的分类。设空的答案有的由一个句子决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定，还有的由语篇内容综合决定。因此，设空分为：（1）句子层次（点）；（2）句组层次（线）；（3）语篇层次（面）。设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到语篇层次，依次递增。一般说来，三个层次的设空比例各占三分之一。但是，从近年来的高考试题看，语篇层次设空的比例有所增加，超过了三分之一，反映出“突出语篇”的命题思路。,正确的答题步骤:,1.浏览全文,掌握文章的中心及脉络;a.应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读.b.注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句.2.分段落实,逐个填空;a.先填上固定搭配与习惯表达,基本句型等较容易的空格.b.对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲,力争突破难点.3.通读全文,检查核对.,三.完形填空答题技巧,1.重视首句，把握开篇,完形填空一般无标题，首句不留空白，是完整的一句。细读此句可以判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。读懂首句可以帮助建立正确的思维导向，避免误入歧途，对理解全文起重要的作用。,2006年湖北试题首句：InthecityofFujisawa,Japan,livesawomannamedAtsukoSaeki.Whenshewasateenager,she_ofgoingtotheUnitedStates.A.learnedB.spokeC.dreamedD.heard,2006年天津试卷首句:IworkasavolunteerforanorganizationthathelpsthepoorinHaiti.RecentlyItookmysonBarrettthereforaweekhopingto_himA.comfortB.pleaseC.attractD.educate,2.阅读全文，掌握大意,速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格，生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去，不要急于看选项。一遍读不懂可以再迅速读一遍，直到明了大意（who,when,where,what），掌握梗概，总体把握文章内容，结构，时态，语态变化，情节的展开，结果的形成，然后答题。,3.前后照应,灵活答题,注意固定搭配,辨析词语,了解生活常识,掌握上下文逻辑关系,突破难句.,1.照应：充分利用文章的结构，上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。有时可能是同义词，有时可能是反意词。1）Travellingwest,yousetyourclock7;travellingeast,yousetitaheadTravelling15todaybecomesyesterday;travellingwestitistomorrow.7.A.behindB.forwardC.backD.ahead15.A.southB.eastC.northD.west2）Sotheslavewaspardonedand50.A.killedB.richC.happyD.freed3）Manyoldpeopledonthavegood_13_.TheycantwatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time,2.积累：固定搭配包括介词与动词的搭配、动词与宾语的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等。要根据内容选择正确的短语。Theyspendmillionsofdollarsyearly_2_newspapersandmagazinesA.inB.toC.onD.forTomtoldwhathesawtothemananditwasntlong_thepolicecaughtthethief.A.thatB.beforeC.untilD.thenSomepeopleinIndiadonoteatmeatorfish_6_.A.afterallB.intheendC.atallD.nolonger,2.积累（注意词语的辨析）SoonIhearda_likethatofadoorburstin,andthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.from2)Tomyhorror,Isaw,_myfathersshoulder,agorilla,A.onB.aboveC.overD.form3)Givemeahand,heshouted_hegotneartheboat.A.whileB.tillC.forD.as,根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项。(p32)1)andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange_8_quitepleasanttaste.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or2)Atransistorradioissometimesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry_11_,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindpeople.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes,简化句子，突破长句。,1)Heisagreatchatter48(aswell).Ifhedidnotknowthem,hewouldgreetthemwithafew49abouttheweather,50hedidknowthem,hewouldaskabouttheirfamiliesormake51,alwayscuttinghiscloth52hiscustomers.(MNET2005江西卷）A.SayingB.questionsC.wordsD.speechesA.andthenB.andsoC.evenifD.butif51.A.PreparationsB.jokesC.repairsD.friends52.A.accordingtoB.duetoC.insteadofD.upto,1),becausetheearth_2_twenty-fourtimezones,onehourapart.A.givesB.isC.isdividedintoD.shows2)There.1350feetabovethestreet,a_figurewaswalkingonair.A.greatB.strangeC.publicD.tiny3)Theringhadfallenofandbeendamagedinthegreat_ofthefire.A.pileB.heatC.powerD.pressure,充分利用生活常识以及相关知识。,4.复读全文，验证答案,（1）检查上下文的一致性：即时态、语态的一致，代词、名词、单复数的一致。（2）检查表达法的习惯性：即习惯用语、固定搭配、句型词组是否符合习惯。（3）检查上下文的连贯性：及凭借语感，按照上下文，检查段落与段落，句子与句子之间的衔接是否连贯。这是检查中至关重要的一环，往往能纠正一处甚至多处错误。,对付四个同义词,近义词或同一范畴词的5种方法:,一.看涵盖,比大小:,在同义词或近义词中,不能指望上下文提供某个信息或证据来帮你.这时要分析这些词的所涵盖内容的大小,根据情况加以选择.,Scottandhisfourcompanionswereterriblydisappointed.WhentheygottotheSouthPole,theyfoundtheNorwegianshad_themintheracetobethefirstevertoreachit.A.hitB.foughtC.wonD.beaten,The22-year-oldstudent_tostophercarbythesideoftheroadinthewinternightandopenedthetrunk.A.affordedB.wantedC.allowedD.managed,Ithinktheskills(notadvice)forreadingcomprehensionshouldbebasedontheknowledgeofEnglish_.A.speakingB.writingC.learningD.listening.,二.看主语,比宾语,After_theBritishflagatthePole,theytookaphotoofthemselves(while)theystartedthe950milejourneyback.growingB.puttingC.plantingD.laying,IhopeyoucandowhatyoumaybeabletoforLinChen.AndIbelieveshewilldoassheisdoingnowinourschooloncesheis_toyourcollege.A.allowedB.admittedC.letD.permitted,四.看常规,比关系.,Theyarrivedtoseethatithadnosuitabletiresto_withhercar.A.agreeB.matchC.goD.deal,becausehumanbeingsintemperately_onenergyresouceswillmakeussufferfromdisasterslikefloods,earthquakesandacidrains.A.constructionB.productionC.developmentD.civilization,五:看发展,比先后:,SowhenEd_forourgamenotonlywiththebottomOfhisshirtgatheredinsidehistrousersbutalsowithAstomachyoucouldhardly.A.setoutB.gotreadyC.arrivedD.returned,补空阅读,把握文章发展的方向,SheattendedthetestofTOEFLasamiddle-schoolStudentand_itwithagoodmark,whichshows