情态动词全部ppt课件

情态动词用法,1,情态动词的语法特征情态动词有词义吗？情态动词有人称和数的变化吗？3.情态动词有时态吗？4.情态动词能单独做谓语吗？,2,情态动词的语法特征情态动词有一定的词义，表示某种情绪或态度，表示可能、愿望、必要、允许、能力等。2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即不随主语的不同而变化。3.must,need没有时态，但有些情态动词如can、may,will,haveto有一般式和过去式的变化。4.情态动词不能单独做谓语，必须和实义动词原形一起构成谓语。,3,情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志,不少情况下,情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。,4,can/could,1)表示能力。意思为“能够、会”，could表示过去的能力，can表示现在的能力。,Hecouldplaythepianoattheageof6.Acomputercantthinkforitself.,5,表示能力:can,could,beableto1)时态上：,2)意义上：,beableto能用于各种时态。can/could只能表示现在或过去的能力。,can/could表示个人有某种能力was/wereableto:表示某人通过努力克服困难做成某事“设法做成某事”相当于：,managedtodosth.succeededindoingsth.。,6,如：_youunderstandthemeaningofthissentence?Inthefire,he_escapefromtheburningbuilding.,7,2）表示请求和允许。,Youcangowiththemifyoulike.-Could/CanIhavealookatyournewdesign?-Yes,ofcourseyoucan.,(注意此处答语不能用could),表示请求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更委婉。,8,3）用在肯定句中，表示_,Anybodycanmakemistakes.Drivingonthesnowyroadscanbeverydangerous.,客观上有可能,9,4）表示主观的_，主要用在否定句和疑问句中。,ItcantbeMary.SheisinShanghainow.,猜测,表示推测时，could不是过去式，只是语气更委婉,ItcouldntbeDad.Hewontbebackthistimeofevening.,10,1.Acomputer_thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.cantB.couldntC.maynotD.mightnot,2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto,11,3.-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?-Yes,ofcourseyou_A.mightB.willC.canD.could,12,4.Mary_speakthreelanguages.,5.Children_dressupandgototheirneighbourshomestoaskforsweets.,6.Trafficaccidents_happeninsuchsnowyweather.,7.It_beMary.Shehasfallenill.,能力,许可,客观上的可能性,推测,13,2.may/might,1)表示允许，许可，might用于过去时,MayIcomein?,HesaidImightusehispen.,-MayIborrowyourbike?,肯定答语,否定答语,-Yes,youmay./Youcan./Certainly./Sure.,-No,youmustnt./No,youcant./Youdbetternot.,表许可时，等同于can/could,14,2)表示主观的可能性，might比may可能性更小。,Itmaybetrue.Hemightnotcometoday.,15,Maythenewyearbringyoupeace,joyandhappiness.,(3)表示愿望,Mayyousucceed!,Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!,祝你旅行开心！祝你成功！,16,Somefestivalsareheldtosatisfytheancestors,whomightreturneithertohelportodoharm.,推测,17,-Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace?-Sorry,Iamnotsure,butit_be.A.mightBwillC.mustD.can,18,-AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?-Imnotsure.I_gototheconcertinstead.AmustBwouldCshouldDmight,19,翻译-我能在这个房间抽烟吗？.-可以。-不行，,-Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?-Yes,youcan.-No,youmustnt,20,1.表示意愿，will表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。Iwillsticktomyplanthoughallofyouareagainstit.Itoldhimtogiveupsmoking,buthewouldntlisten.,3.will/would,21,2.用于第二人称表示请求、建议等，would比will语气委婉、客气。Willyoutypethis,please?Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?,肯定答语,-Yes,youwill./Noproblem./,22,3.表示习惯和倾向性will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯(=usedtodo)。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Whenhewasachild,hewouldoftengoskiing.,23,Iwillneverdothatagain.2.Theyaskedhimifhewouldgoabroad.3.Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryfourdays.4.Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?5.Birdswillflytothesouthinthewinter.,意愿,意愿,习惯，倾向,请求,过去的习惯,24,4.shall,1）shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。Shallweputoffthesportsmeetuntilnextweek?Shallwegobytrain?Henryiswaitingoutside.Shallhecomein,sir?,25,2）shall用于第二、第三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。,TellJackheshallgetagiftifheperformedwell.,(许诺),(警告),Youshallbepunishedifyoubreaktherule.,(威胁),Youshallfailifyoudontworkhard.,26,Shall,Whenthechairmanturnsup,nobodyshallsayaword.Studentsshallremainintheirseatsuntilthepapershavebeencollected.Thereisarulethatstudentsshallwearuniform.Itellyouthatyoushallregretsomeday.Heshallfallbehindifheisalwayssolazy.HeshallbepunishedifheinsistsondoingthatYoushallhaveanicepresentforyourbirthdayifyoumakeprogressinstudy.Theyshallgetwhattheywantiftheykeeptheirword.Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.,决心、承诺、警告、命令youheshetheyshall.(二三人称陈述）,命令,警告,承诺,决心,27,3）shall用于第三人称，用于叙述条约、规定、法律等文件.Thosebelongingtoourclubshallwearuniforms.我们俱乐部的成员都应该穿制服。,-Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?-“Noperson_smokeinthisarea.”AwillBmayCshallD.must,28,5.should,1.should表示义务、职责、劝告，意为“应该”。,eg:Youshouldkeepyourpromise.,Studentsshouldrespectteachers.,29,2）表示说话人_等特殊情感。ItssurprisingthatMaryshouldnotknowLeiFeng.,Itisawonderthatriceshouldgrowinthedesert.Youshouldmakefriendswithsuchaselflessperson.HowshouldIknowwhohelikes？,惊讶,30,3）表示推测，译作“应该”“理应”。Itsalready10.Shepromisedtocomeby10.Sheshouldturnupatanymoment.,-ShallIgoandbuymorefruitsfortheparty?-No,Ihavealreadybought3baskets.That_beenough.A.canB.shouldC.mayD.might,31,Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jack_behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.could,32,dare“敢”，多用在否定或疑问句中。Thelittlegirldarenotspeakinpublic.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。Dareyoucatchthelittlecat?你敢抓小猫吗?dare当实义动词要考虑人称单复数，时态,后跟动词不定式todo,但to可以省略。Doyoudare（to）walkinthedark?Hedoesntdaretotelltheteacherwhathappenedthatday.,33,IdontlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnobus.Theyhadtowalkhome.,1.表“必须”时，must和haveto的区别,must着重说明主观意愿，haveto强调客观不得不。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。,6.must,34,2.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用_否定式用_，做“不必”,mustnt表示_,MustIfinishallhomeworkatatime?,Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.,must,neednt或donthaveto,“禁止，不允许”,35,3.表示_，意思是_,抱怨,偏要，非得,Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.,36,Mustyoushoutsoloudly?Mustyoucopymyhomework?Myauntmustgiveluckymoneytome.,must表示“偏要,硬要”,指做令人不快的事情,37,4.must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句，表示“准是”,“一定”,musthavedone对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断,mustbedoing/be+adj/n对正在进行的动作进行肯定推测,他现在一定在看小说。,Hemustbereadingnovelsnow.,路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。,Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.,38,情态动词考题:,1.Putonmoreclothes.Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.canB.couldC.mustD.would2.MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?No,.A.youshouldntB.youmightnotC.youneedntD.youmustnt,39,注意：1.情态动词否定形式的用法:,mustnt不准,禁止neednt没必要(=donthaveto)cant不能;不可能maynot不可以;可能不shouldnt不应该(=oughtnotto),40,注意：2.表示推测的情态动词:,May/might,must,should,Cant/couldnt,表示主观推测，might的可能性比may小,用于肯定句，表示肯定，一定,表示理应,表示不可能,41,不同的“推测”程度可按下列层次排列：Heisathome.(事实)Hemustbeathome.（非常肯定的推断）Heshouldbeathome.（很可能）Hemaybeathome.（仅仅可能而已）Hemightbeathome.（或许,非常不确定）Hemight/maynotbeathome.（也许不在家）Hecantbeathome.（一定不在家）Heisntathome.（事实）,42,+do:表示对现在或将来的情况的推测;,+bedoing:表示对正在进行的情况的推测；,+havedone：表示对过去所发生事情的推测,+bedoing,+do,+havedone,43,对正在发生的事，情态动词bedoing的形式。如：,1)HeisntintheclassroomHemustmaymightbeplayingfootballontheplayground他不在教室里。他一定可能在操场上踢足球。2)Its12pmShecancouldnotbetypingnow.已经是夜里十二点了，她不可能现在还在打字。Atthismoment,ourteachermustbecorrectingourexampapers.,44,情态动词表推测1).汤姆可能去上海了,但我不是很肯定.Tom_toShanghai,butImstillnotsureaboutit.2).地板很干,昨晚不可能下雨了。Thegroundisverydry,soit_lastnight.3).一定有人闯入了我们的卧室,谁会这样做呢?Someonemusthavebrokenintoourbedroom.Who_it?,mayhavegone,canthaverained,couldhavedone,45,4.Idontknowwheresheis,she_beinWuhan.5.Atthismoment,ourteacher_ourexampapers.这时，我们老师肯定在批改试卷。6.Theroadiswet.It_lastnight.(rain),may,mustbemarking,musthaverained,46,7.Philip_seriouslyinthecaraccident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.8.-Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.-She_(go)bybus.,may(might)havebeenhurt,may(might)havegone,47,注意：3.情态动词+havedone表示后悔，责备，遗憾和惋惜等情绪。,couldhavedoneShouldhavedoneShouldnthavedoneNeednthavedone,原本可以但事实上并未做到本来应该但事实上并未做到本不应该但事实上已做本来没必要但事实上已做,48,Eg：1.Theaccident_(原本可以避免的),butthedriverwastoocareless.我本不应该对妈妈大吼大叫的，_,butitwastoolate.你本来没必要买一台新电视，_,fortheoldoneisstillingoodcondition.,couldhavebeenavoided,Ishouldnthaveshoutedatmymom,YouneednthaveboughtanewTVset,49,高考考题:1.Ithoughtyou_likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.wouldD.must2.Whereismypen?I_it.A.mightloseB.wouldhavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost3.Ididnthearthephone.I_asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen,B,D,B,50,4.-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_acomfortablejourneyA.cantbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen5.Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jack_behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.could,D,C,51,1Thethief_infromthekitchenwindowasthedoorwasclosed.A.mayclimbB.musthaveclimbedC.couldhaveclimbedD.shouldhaveclimbed,52,-DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldntfindhimanywhere.-Well.He_havegonefarhiscoatisstillhere.A.shouldntB.mustntC.cantD.wouldnt,53,2.Johnny,you_playwiththeknife,you_hurtyourself.A.wont;cantB.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;mustD.cant;shouldnt,1.Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jack_behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can,54,3.ProfessorSmith,manystudentswanttoseeyou._theywaithereoroutside?A.DoB.ShallC.WillD.Would,55,IthinkIllgiveBobaringlaterintheweek.You_.Youhaventbeenintouchwithhimforages.A.willB.mayC.havetoD.should,练习坊,I.Choosethecorrectanswer.,56,2.John,lookatthetime._youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Should,57,3.There_anydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustntbeB.shanthaveC.shouldntbeD.need