人教版高中英语第一轮复习定语从句PPT课件.ppt

高考第一轮复习专题定语从句,(Attributiveclause),定语从句及相关术语,1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，(一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。)2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。,定语从句分类,定语从句,TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句,TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句,一.限制性定语从句的构成,Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.ThedaycameatlastwhenIwenttocollege.,关系代词关系副词,1.从句的位置:2.从句的翻译:3.从句的构成：,先行词之后,“.的”,关系词,注意事项,一）.关系代词和先行词的关系,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.,themachine=that,theboy=who,theboys=whose,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系代词的用法,做宾语时可以省略,定语,何时可以省略？,关系代词的用法练习,1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.,Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.,Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.,.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.,难用的whose,Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.,Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.,Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.,whose=thehouseswindow,Thehouseismine.,thewindowofwhichisbroken,ofwhichthewindowisbroken,二）、关系副词和先行词的关系,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,forthereasons=why,小注：关系副词=介词先行词,?,关系副词引导的定语从句,1.when指时间，在从句中做时间状语Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametotheschool.,2.where指地点，在从句中做地点状语Shanghaiisthecitywhere/inwhichIwasborn.,3.why指原因，在从句中做原因状语Pleasetellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyoumissedtheplane.,关系副词=“介词+关系代词”,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,注意介词的位置变化！,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,注意介词的位置变化！,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,注意介词的位置变化！,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,可见：who、that不能用于介词之后！,介词+关系代词的情况4,Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,在固定短语中介词不能提前！,1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.,onwhich,forwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,throughwhich,underwhich,ofwhich,介词+关系代词的情况练习,注意：如何判断介词,1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配,3、根据介词与先行词搭配,eg.Hegavemesomereferencebooks_whichIamnotveryfamiliar.,with,二.非限制性定语从句,3、ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.4、Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.,1、Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.2、MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.,Pleasecompare:,ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,1.Hefailedintheexam._madehisparentsangry.2.Hefailedintheexam,_madehisparentsangry.,3.Hehastwosons.Bothof_areteachers.4.Hehastwosons,bothof_areteachers.,This,which,whom,them,that,Who/that?,as引导的非限制性定语从句,Theearthisround,_isknowntoall._isknowntoall,theearthisround,which/as,As,as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as和which一样可以代表前面的整个句子,as引导的限制性定语从句(1),ThisisthesamepenasIlost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.,Pleasecompare:,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as引导的限制性定语从句(2),Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook_wealllikeit.,as,that,Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句),一、看先行词二、看先行词在从句中所充当的成分,三.关系词的选择（重点）,1.Theman_cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl_ImetisLucy.()3.Achild_parentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook_youboughtyesterday.(),主语,who,宾语,(that/who/whom),定语,whose,宾语,(that/which),5.Iliketheperson_youjusttalked.()6.Weshallneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.()7.Weshallneverthedays_welivedtogether.(),介宾,towhom,宾语,(that),状语,when,三.关系词的选择（练习）,e.g.8.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when9.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,_forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when,三.关系词的选择（练习）,四.难点分析一）区分定语从句和同位语从句,1定语从句和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句补充说明先行词的具体内容.,2定语从句的关系词在句中充当成分，有时可省；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中不做成分；也可由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分,3.同位语从句和先行词一般可用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可,区分定语从句和同位语从句,(1)Thenews(that)hetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.,(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.,定语,同位语,定语,同位语,二）区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句,Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。,1.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions.2.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.,五.定语从句高考考点分析,（一）关系代词在从句中做主语时，谓语的单复数由先行词决定,eg.1.Themanwho_(live)downstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.2.Thestudentswho_(be)inGrade3aregoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.,3.Heisoneofthestudentswho_(have)finishedthehomework.4.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentsWho_(have)finishedthehomework.,lives,are,have,has,1.当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时,如:all,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等,（二）只能用that做关系代词的情况,2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时,3.当人和物合做先行词时,4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中,1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.,that,whichorwho?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,在非限制性定语从句中,（三）只用which不用that的情况,在介词后面,先行词是整个分句,e.g.1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Azooisaparkin_manykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it,that,which,whose,whomorwho?,1.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_madeothersupset.2.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_sataboy.3.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.4.Theboy_motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.,which,which,whom,whose,（四）先行词是theway时,(1)Theway(inwhich/that)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.,注意下面俩个句子的不同，(1)Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(2)Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedittouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.,历届高考英语定语从句试题精选(1),1Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_,ofcourse,madetheotherunhappy.(2000)AwhoBwhichCthisDwhat,2.-Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?-Right,justtheone_youknowIusedtoworkforyears.(FUJIAN05)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what,3.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.(GX04)A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich,历届高考英语定语从句试题精选(2),4._isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(JS04)A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As5.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen6.York,_lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited,D,D,B,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,theone,Correctthesentences:,5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.Imgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.Idontlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.,in,when,_,that/which,Correctthesentences:,8.ThisisthelasttimewhenIvegivenyoulessons.9.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.10.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.11.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.,_,that,_,that,_,why,it,_,Correctthesentences:,12.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.13.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.14.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.,as,_,_,_,gives,why,Correctthesentences:,15.Itistheoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently.16.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.17.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.18.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.,that,_,_,has,As,that,_,_,Correctthesentences:,19.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.20.ThestudentwhosbookIhadborroweddidntcometoschooltoday.21.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.22.ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis.,as,_,Whose,_,that,_,on,_,定语从句高考点例析,Haveatry,指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.(),主语宾语定语宾语,Haveatry,5.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.()6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.()7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.()8.Weshallneverthedayswhenwelivedtogether.(),定语介宾宾语状语,考点一：that和which,以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)Iveeverread.,考点一：that和which,3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。e.g.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,考点二：连接词which的用法,Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g.1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it,BB,Good!,考点三：介词+关系代词,*“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。e.g.1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which,D,D,关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,关系代词前介词的确定,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.,关系代词前的介词的确定,5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.,Canyouworkthemout?,Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?,for,about,on,without,考点四:关系副词的运用,在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。e.g.1.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,_forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when,BD,考点五：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.,GoonPlease!,3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.,Goonplease!,4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.,Correctthesentences:,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,theone,Correctthesentences:,5.I