高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars基础达标练 新人教版必修3.doc

unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars *阅读理解。pollutions great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. in the united states, building and development account for 39% of the countrys total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放）, according to the environment protection agency.green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycleconstruction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护）and demolition（拆毁）than those who construct more regular buildings.the environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings.the process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. in addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances.careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. for example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. more energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small.green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. these roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. in addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.1.what is the text mainly about?a. the necessity of promoting energy efficiency.b. the process of building green buildings.c. the benefits and features of green buildings.d. green buildings effects on the environment.2.according to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that_.a. produce no wasteb. only use clean energyc. are made of recycled materialsd. use energy and resources more efficiently3.which of the following statements is true about green buildings?a. they rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity.b. small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.c. the ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.d. they are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.4.why are green roofs used ?a. they fit the surrounding environment wellb. they are cheaper than other kinds of roofsc. they can keep natural water for use in everyday lifed. they can help to control the temperature in the building well【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了green building的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。1.c 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional building.和倒数第二段第一句green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒数第一段第一句other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要讲述的是green buildings的很多的好处和特征。故c正确。3.c 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句the environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选c。4.d 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段these roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选d。*单句语法填空1(2017北京高考)every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the kite festival.答案：whoeverwhoever “无论谁”，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。2my relationship with the actors is fundamental _my work as a director.答案：tobe fundamental to . “是的基础”。3i can say that it is the _(violence) film that i have ever seen.答案：most violent由“that i have ever seen”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。4his last paintings are perhaps the most _(puzzle), which even the artists cant make sense of.答案：puzzling此处形容词puzzling “令人困惑的”作表语，描述主语paintings的本质特征。5_exists a good way to solve the problem in geography.答案：therethere exists . “存在；有”。6as secondhand smoking is _(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.答案：harmful此处形容词harmful “有害的”作表语。7she bought a heavy curtain _(block) out the light.答案：to block此处动词不定式短语to block out作目的状语。8though injured seriously, he tried to cheer _ , hoping to make his parents less worried.答案：upcheer up “(使)感到高兴，(使)振作起来”。9measures have been taken to prevent the river from _(pollute)答案：being pollutedprevent sb./sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中pollute和river存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填动名词的被动结构。10_(like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing.答案：unlike根据语意可知，“并不像”你所猜测的那样，故填unlike，引导名词性从句。*完形填空。(2018河北衡水中学高三下学期模拟考试)it impressed me a lot.i never thought that little help will _1_ out to be the most satisfying thing i have ever done.he was tired，and _2_ to climb further.with a broad _3_，he asked if i could help him with some money.he was paralyzed(瘫痪) in both legs and was _4_ funds for some operation.he said that if operated successfully，he could _5_ a training guaranteeing him a job.i was full of _6_ and even asked him to show his legs.i gave him the _7_ money.after a few days，he again came at my doorstep asking for more money for accommodation.this time i was more or less _8_ he was not cheating me.i gave him some and said，“this is all i have.”a year went by and i had moved to a(n) _9_ place.one fine day i got a call from an unknown number.caller called out his name but i didnt _10_ him.then he said he was the very paralyzed person i helped a year ago.i asked him how he was doing.he said，“what sir, you recognize me not by my name but by my _11_ state.”“with your kind help i am now able to _12_ on my legs without support.i was operated _13_.i am married to a beautiful lady and have a stable _14_.”i dont _15_ remember if i gave him my phone number._16_，what he said next was touching.he said he wanted to return my money so that i didnt feel cheated and would continue to help people _17_ in the future.i dont know whether he read my facial expression the day i helped him but tears were _18_ down my face.that day i promised him i would continue to help people as i saw a(n) _19_small or big._20_ a lifechanged event of my life.1a.send bbreakcbring dturn2a.struggling bsubstitutingcplaying dwalking3a.look bsmilecview dwhisper4a.finding braisingcseeking dearning5a.pretend bintendcattend dtend6a.interests bmindscworries ddoubts7a.remaining bleftchiding dforgotten8a.informed bpreparedcconvinced doutspoken9a.new boldcsystematic dbad10a.remind brecognizecreplace drepeat11a.excited bmessedcdisabled dstressed12a.live bbasecfocus dstand13a.successfully bsurprisinglychopefully dnaturally14a.reason bpromiseccharacter djob15a.also bevencalready donly16a.therefore botherwisechowever dmeanwhile17a.in need bin placecin favor din advance18a.bringing bputtingcrunning dpulling19a.behavior bcasecaccident dopportunity20a.strangely btrulycgenerally doriginally【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一次无意间的帮助改变了一位瘫痪者的一生。这件事也改变了作者的人生，让他决定继续帮助那些有困难的人。1d考查动词短语辨析。此处指作者从未想过一个小小的帮助最后竟成为他曾做过的最令自己满意的一件事。四个选项都能与out组成固定短语。turn out意为“结果是，最后成为”，符合语境。send out意为“发出”；break out意为“爆发”；bring out意为“生产，出版”，均与语境不符。故答案选d。2a考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“paralyzed (瘫痪)”可知，他瘫痪了，所以此处应指他努力往前爬。a项意为“努力，挣扎”，符合语境。b项意为“替换”；c项意为“玩”；d项意为“走”，均与语境不符。故答案选a。3b考查名词辨析。根据前面的“broad”可知，此处应指他咧嘴微笑着。b项意为“微笑”，符合语境。a项意为“表情”；c项意为“观点”；d项意为“耳语”，均与语境不符。故答案选b。4b考查动词辨析。根据上句中的“help him with some money”可知，此处应指他在筹集手术资金。b项意为“筹集”，符合语境。a项意为“找到”；c项意为“寻找”；d项意为“挣得”，均与语境不符。故答案选b。5c考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处应指如果手术成功了，他就能参加能让他得到一份工作的培训。c项意为“参加”，符合语境。a项意为“假装”；b项意为“打算”；d项意为“往往会”，均与语境不符。故答案选c。6d考查名词辨析。根据本句中的“even asked him to show his legs”可知，作者要求看看他的腿，所以对他所说的话应该是充满了怀疑。d项意为“怀疑”，符合语境。a项意为“兴趣”；b项意为“思想”；c项意为“担心”，均与语境不符。故答案选d。7a考查形容词辨析。此处指作者把手上剩余的钱都给了他。a项意为“剩余的”，符合语境。b项意为“剩下的”，不作前置定语；c项意为“隐藏的”；d项意为“被遗忘的”，均与语境不符。故答案选a。8c考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“he was not cheating me”和下句中的“gave him some”可知，作者给了他一些钱，有几分确信他并没有骗自己。c项意为“确信的，信服的”，符合语境。a项意为“见多识广的”；b项意为“准备好的”；d项意为“坦率的，直言不讳的”，均与语境不符。故答案选c。9a考查形容词辨析。根据上文的“moved to”及下文作者接到一个陌生电话可知，作者搬到了一个新地方。a项意为“新的”，符合语境。b项意为“旧的”；c项意为“系统化的”；d项意为“坏的”，均与语境不符。故答案选a。10b考查动词辨析。根据本句中的转折连词“but”及下文中的“you recognize me not by my name”可知，打电话的人报出了自己的名字，但作者并没有认出他来。b项意为“认出”，符合语境。a项意为“提醒”；c项意为“代替”；d项意为“重复”，均与语境不符。故答案选b。11c考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“then he said he was the very paralyzed person”可知，作者不是通过他的名字而是通过他瘫痪的情况认出了他。c项意为“残疾的”，符合语境。a项意为“兴奋的”；b项意为“混乱的”；d项意为“有压力的”，均与语境不符。故答案选c。12d考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“without support”可知，此处指他不需要支架就可以自己站起来。d项意为“站立，站起来”，符合语境。live意为“居住”；base意为“基于”；focus意为“关注”，均与语境不符。故答案选d。13a考查副词辨析。根据上一句可知，他现在能够站起来，所以手术成功了。a项意为“成功地”，符合语境。b项意为“令人惊奇地”；c项意为“有希望地”；d项意为“自然地”，均与语境不符。故答案选a。14d考查名词辨析。根据常识及上文中提到的“guaranteeing him a job”可推断出，他结婚了，还有了一份稳定的工作。d项意为“工作”，符合语境。a项意为“理由”；b项意为“允诺”；c项意为“性格”，均与语境不符。故答案选d。15b考查副词辨析。根据语境及上文中的“a year went by”可知，此处指作者甚至不记得是否给过他电话号码。b项意为“甚至”，符合语境。故答案选b。16c