英语单项知识的讲解与练习(119).docx

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（119）591. dress的用法dress服装（U）、女装、童装（C）、穿衣、给穿衣。例句：She wears a beautiful eveningdress.她穿着一件漂亮的晚礼服。She wore a diamond clip on her newdress.她在新衣服上戴了一枚钻石别针。They tried todresshim up as anational hero.他们想把他打扮成一个“民族英雄”。She alwaysdressesin black.她总穿着黑衣服。短语：dress in black = wear black穿着黑衣服；be dressed in = wear 穿着；be well dressed 穿着讲究；dress oneself 自己穿衣服；dress somebody in a coat给某人穿衣；dress up化装、穿上盛装；dress as穿的服装,使穿得像；dress as a sailor穿着海员的服装；dress as a woman穿得像女人一样；dress for为(某场合)穿上礼服；dress for dinner穿礼服赴宴；dress in(使)穿的服装；dress in a uniform穿着制服；dress in black穿着黑色的服装；dress in blue穿蓝色的衣服；dress in dark glasses戴着墨镜；dress in Sunday best穿上最漂亮的衣服；dress with flags悬挂着旗帜；用法：dress用作及物动词时,最常用的意思是“给穿上衣服”。其宾语是反身代词或其他表人的名词,而不是表示衣服的名词。dress也可表示“(加调料)制作”,这时可接双宾语。dress有时还可作系词,其后可接形容词作补语。dress用作可数名词时,指“妇女和儿童的服装”。尤指女士上下连身的裙子。dress用作不可数名词时,是衣服的总称,尤指外衣,不论男女都可用,有时还指用于特定场合的服装。比较：dress 作不及物动词时，表示穿好衣服；作及物动词时，其后要接人或反身代词，不接衣服，表示给某人或自己穿衣服。如：My little sister is old enough to dress herself. be dressed (in) 表示某人在某个场合穿着什么衣服，指穿着的状态。如：She is dressed in white like a nurse. have on 穿着、戴着，指穿的状态，其后可接衣服、帽子、鞋子等能穿戴的东西，相当于be in, be wearing，不能用进行时。如： A good many girls have on skirts in summer. in 表示穿着，后接衣服，也可接颜色，in 短语可作状语和定语，和be 连用作表语。如：The little girl is in red. put on 穿戴，指穿的动作，其后接穿戴的东西，反义词是take off。如： He put on his coat and hat and went to town. pull on 表示不经心地随随便便匆匆忙忙地穿上衣服、袜子或戴上手套等，指一时的短暂动作，反义词是pull off。如： She was in such a hurry that her clothes were just pulled on. wear 穿着、戴着，表示状态，可用于进行时，可用于穿衣服、袜子、鞋子、帽子、手套、眼镜等，还可用于佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花儿以及留头发、胡须的长短式样等。如：Why dont you wear a flower? with 表示穿戴，只能作定语，只能与眼镜、手表之类的名词连用，不能接衣服。如：The worker with gloves is his father. try on 和fit on 表示试穿，强调动作。如：We will fit the new clothes on you.练习：The shop assistant there were not friendly to me because of _. A. I was badly dressed B. the clothes I was having on C. what I was wearing D. what I dressed _ white, the beautiful girl managed to attract everyones attention at the party. A. Having worn B. Having on C. Having put on D. Dressed in In many of the streets in Disneyland, many people walk around _ 19th century clothes. A. wearing B. dressed C. have on D. putting on He got up at 6:00 sharp, _ in a hurry and drove to the railway station to meet his father. A. put on B. wore clothes C. dressed D. had clothes on Get up and _ quickly. A. have on B. put on C. dress D. wear592. drive的用法drive驾驶、驱赶。例句：He is too little todrivea car.他太小了,不能开车。Dont drink anddrive.别喝了酒开车。We went for adrivein the afternoon.我们下午开车出去兜风。He mislaid his principles in thedrivefor success.他为了成功而拋弃了原则。短语：drive in a taxi 搭出租车；drive a car at a speed of up to 120 kph 以每小时120公里的高速行驶；drive somebody out of somewhere把某人驱赶出某地；drive off赶走；drive somebody mad使某人发疯；drive me home/ to somewhere开车送我回家；Oppression drove them to rebel压迫逼使他们造反；do the driving开车；take somebody out for a drive带某人出去驾车游玩；drive against猛击；drive on猛攻；drive down沿行驶；drive from从赶下；drive into用车把送进,赶进,敲进；drive into a corner逼入困境；drive out of驱逐；drive out of country赶出国土；drive sb out of his mind把某人逼疯,使某人神经错乱；drive over压过；drive through乘车开过；用法：drive表示“人类基本的欲望或本能的要求”时,可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词; 引申表示“干劲”“积极性”“能动性”时,为不可数名词。drive还可作“驱使”“促使成交”解,指迫使某人处于某种状态或做某事,引申还可表示“推动”“驱动”“使之受到鼓舞”,作此解时常用被动结构。练习：_ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven The farmers _ the birds _ some plastic bags in order that the birds couldnt eat their crops. A. drive away; by using B. drive off; to using C. drive away; used D. drive off; to use My father often takes me out _ on weekends. A. to drive B. for a drive C. driving D. for the driveThe man tied his naughty son to a tree and almost _. A. made he was mad B. made he mad C. made him mad D. to make him mad593. drop的用法drop使落下、落下、掉下、滴。例句：Shedroppedto safety from the burning building.她从失火的建筑物上坠落到安全的地方.Hedroppedoff from his bike.他从自行车上跌下来。Unconsciously, adropof tear drips on his lips.不知不觉,一滴泪水滴在他唇上。Ill have a weedropof cream in my coffee.我要在咖啡里放一丁点儿奶油。短语：drop behind落后、落伍；drop off变少、衰落；drop out (of)退去、掉队；drop in 顺便拜访；drop in on somebody 顺便拜访某人；drop in at somewhere顺便参观某地；drop from the tree从树上落下；a drop of 一滴；drop by drop 一滴一滴地；Only a drop in the ocean/ bucket沧海一粟、九牛一毛；drop across偶然遇到,训斥,惩罚；drop sb at.让某人在下车；drop behind others落在别人后面；drop from a race退出比赛；drop from heaven从天上掉下来；drop from the list从名单上除去；drop from tree从树上掉下来；drop into sleep不知不觉地睡着；drop out of school退学；drop out of sight从视线内消失；drop over顺便走访,偶然拜访；drop round顺便走访,偶然拜访；用法：drop用作名词时可指“落”的动作,即“降落”“下跌”“空投”等,也可指能“降落”的“水滴”“滴状物”。作抽象的“降落”解时,可用作不可数名词,也可用作可数名词,作具体的“水滴”“降落物”解时是可数名词。drop引申可表示“微量”“一点”,这时只用单数形式,其后常接“of+不可数名词”。drop还可表示“落差”,这时只用单数形式,其后常接“of+数量短语”,也可在其前加表示数量的短语修饰。dropin 有“偶然访问拜访”的意思，后面接on或upon后再跟somebody。如：He dropped in upon /on him yesterday.昨天他偶然去拜访了他家。letdrop表示“暗示”,在这里drop是不定式，可以跟that从句。如：Quite unexpectedly Sam let drop that he was thinking of leaving.非常出乎意料的是，山姆暗示他想离开。练习：When I studied abroad, I often _ my old head teacher. A. dropped in at B. dropped in on C. dropped in D. dropped at It is unlucky to the farmers that there _ a few _ of rain in such dry weather. A. is; drops B. is; drop C. are; drops D. are drop Joe Jones, the eldest of the 8 children, had to _ out of high school at the age of 16 to help his father on the farm. A. leave B. drop C. fall D. go All his teeth have _, so my grandfather cant eat any hard food. A. dropped out B. made out C. let out D. given out 594. frown的用法frown皱眉、不许可；例句：We interpret afrownas a sign of disapproval.我们把皱眉当作不赞成的表示。Thefrownon the mans face showed that he was displeased.那人皱着眉头，面露不悦。He wouldfrownon such a proposal.他不会赞成这样的建议。Ifrownupon smoking in public restaurants. 我不赞成在公共餐厅中抽烟。短语：frown at朝皱眉头,对表示不满,不赞许；frown at children朝孩子皱眉头；frown sb into silence皱眉使某人不再做声；frown onupon对表示不满,不赞许；frown on gambling不赞成赌博；frown on a scheme对计划表示不赞同；frown to朝皱眉头；frown with displeasure不快地皱起眉头；用法：frown后接at, on或upon，表示“皱眉头对表示不满”。如：He frowned at me/ upon the match. frown用作不及物动词时主要表示“皱眉”,用作及物动词时则意为“以皱眉表示”。frown还可用作名词,意为“皱眉”。例如:She looked at her exam paper with a worried frown.她皱着眉头阅读考卷,显示出心烦意乱的样子。练习：The _ of this recipe (烹饪法) was made public one year after it was put into the market. A.formula B. form C. flavor D. frown If we carry out our plan with _, we will surely achieve our goal sooner or later. A.conditions B.determination C.competition D. frowns It is impossible for us to _ such a difficult task within the limited time.A.fuel B.frown C.fulfill D.frostThe airplane took off soon. It was like being on an old train _ from side to side and going faster and faster. A.surrounding B.foregoing C.swaying D.frowningWhen they returned to the river, they found that the boat had _ away. A.framed B.frosted C.frowned D.floated595. function的用法function功能、作用；例句：What is hisfunctionon the committee?他在委员会里担任什么职务?The teacher did not explain its grammaticalfunction.老师没有解释它的文法功能。A new tax and financial system wasfunctioningeffectively.新的财税体制有效运行。He cant afford to pay the rent, so for now, his car will alsofunctionas his home.他付不起租金,所以目前他的车也当成他的家了。短语：be a function of与有密切关系（的事）、的函数；function as起的作用；serve the function of起作用、有的功用；abuse ones function滥用职权；attend a function出席社交聚会；discharge ones function尽职；exercisefulfil function行使职责；impairincrease the function削弱提高功能；performserve function起作用；用法：function作名词，常用复数，表示职务、职责。如：the functions and