Unit 15 A Drink in the Passage.ppt

ADrinkinthePassage AlanPaton ADrinkinthePassage Unit15 Questions Activities Check onPreview Objectives ADrinkinthePassage Unit15 Warmingup Warmingup Questions Activities RetellthestoryfromvanRensburg spointofview Check onPreview Givetheimpliedmeaningofthefollowingsentences boys I masculptor notademonstrator para 4 Youknowit sbyoneofyourownboys don tyou para 12 Sheknowsitwon tbeaneasylife para 14 WellhonestlyIdidn tfeellikeadrinkatthattimeofnight para 16 Isaidunwillingly Yes para 27 Ourlandisbeautiful Butitbreaksmyheart para 44 Warmingup Objectives Warmingup Content KnowbrieflySouthAfrica sapartheidhistory Learnabouttheplightoftheblacksunderapartheidlawsandpolicies Understandthetragicpsychologicaleffectofracialsegregationonbothraces Language Understandtheuseofsymbols Appreciatethebeautyofsimple unadornedlanguagestyle ADrinkinthePassage Unit15 Background History Setting Author Background Author AlanPaton 1903 1988 HisLife Ascienceteacherinhighschool Principalofareformschool Drawnintothepoliticalarena firstpresidentoftheLiberalPartyofSouthAfrica Background Author HisWorks Firstnovel Cry theBelovedCountry 1948 asuccess leadinghimtobecomeaprofessionalwriter Secondnovel TooLatethePhalarope 1953 ThepresentstoryisselectedfromTalesfromaTroubledLand 1961 acollectionofhisshortstories Background Author HisAchievements AnimportantSouthAfricannovelistandpoliticalactivist Receivednumerousawardsandhonorarydegrees acceptedasanauthoritativeandobjectiveinterpreterofSouthAfrica Cry theBelovedCountryhasbecomeaninternationalclassic ThestoryissetagainstthebackgroundofapartheidSouthAfrica Setting Background apartheid apartness referringtotheracialsegregationimplementedinSouthAfricanhistory Background ABriefHistoryofSouthAfricaLocalpeople Bantu speakingtribes Europeansettlers 1652 theDutch knownasBoersorAfrikaners speakingAfrikaans Britishsettlers 1820 discoveryofgoldanddiamond theAnglo Boerwars VictoryoftheBritish theestablishmentoftheUnionofSouthAfrica 1910 dominatedbytheBritish TheAfrikanersNationalPartygainedmajorityinthegovernment 1940s implementedApartheid History Background In1961 theAfrikanersgainedfinalvictory foundedtheRepublicofSouthAfrica withdrawingfromtheCommonWealth Towardtheendofthe1980s DeKlerk sreform liftingthebanonANC releasingNelsonMandela In1994 MandelawaselectedPresident Apartheidcametoanend History WordStudy 1 avert vt topreventsomethingunpleasantfromhappening防止 避免Examples Talkswillbeheldtodayinafinalattempttoavertstrikeaction Luckilythepilotsawtheotherplanejustintime andadisasterwasnarrowlyaverted Synonymsprevent stopavoidheadoffguardagainst avert phrase WordStudy avertone sgaze eyes tolookawayfromsomethingsothatyoudonotseeit转移目光Examples IwishIhadpower justpowerenoughtoavertmyeyesfromher Henryavertedhiseyesassheundressed Iavertedmygazeandfeltuncomfortable Synonymslookawaylookuplookaroundturnyourfaceaway Wordformationaversion n 厌恶 讨厌 反感 WordStudy 1 award n somethingsuchasaprizeormoneygiventosomeonetorewardthemforsomethingtheyhavedone奖 奖赏 奖金 奖品win receiveanawardRosiewasinLondontoreceiveherawardasMumoftheYear Thehotel saward winningrestaurantspecializesintraditionalfood WordStudy n a thescenerybehindsomethingthatyouarelookingat背景b theconditionsorsituationinwhichsomethinghappens 事件的 背景Examples Theseamadeasplendidbackdroptothegarden AllthisromanceissetagainstabackdropofruralIrishlife 2 backdrop WordStudy ceremony n animportantsocialorreligiousevent whenatraditionalsetofactionsisperformedinaformalway ceremonial Examples theweddingceremonyagraduationceremonytheopeningceremonyoftheOlympicGames WordStudy 3 confidential a spokenorwritteninsecretandintendedtobekeptsecret机密的 机要的 Examples Theinformationwereceivedisofahighlyconfidentialnatureandrelatestonationalsecurity Weholdconfidentialrecordsoneachemployee covert隐蔽的 不公开的undercover暗中进行的 秘密的beveiled shrouded cloakedinsecrecyhush hush极秘密的 Synonyms WordStudy n a thepartofyourmindthattellsyouwhetherwhatyouaredoingismorallyrightorwrong良知 良心 Examples Hewasamanofstrongsocialconscience whoactivelycampaignedagainstpovertyinallitsforms Well atleastIcanfacethemallwithaclearconscience whenyouknowthatyouhavedonenothingwrong 至少我可以问心无愧的面对他们 WordformationConscientious a 谨慎的 认真的 尽责的 负责的 4 conscience 1 WordStudy Examples Ianfeltapangofconscienceathavingmisjudgedher 伊恩因为愿望了她而感到内疚 Theyhavenoconscienceatallaboutcheating notfeelguiltyaboutcheating 他们丝毫没有因作弊而感到良心不安 n b aguiltyfeelingthatyouhaveaboutsomethingbadyouhavedone SynonymsguiltRemorse悔恨 懊悔shame conscience 2 WordStudy v a tostopsomeonefromdoingwhattheywanttodo约束 限制b tolimitsomething阻止 抑制Examples Financialfactorsshouldnotconstraindoctorsfromprescribingthebesttreatmentforpatients Hefeltconstrainedtoaccepttheinvitation 他被迫接受邀请 5 constrain WordStudy n quiet seriousthinkingaboutsomething沉思 冥想 默想 Examples Themonksspendanhourincontemplationeachmorning Wordformationscontemplate v contemplative a 6 contemplation WordStudy 7 expel 1 v a toforceair water orgasetcoutofyourbodyoroutofacontainer排出 空气水或气体等 WordStudy b toofficiallyforcesomeonetoleaveaschoolororganization从学校或组织中正式开除 Examples Twogirlswereexpelledfromschoolfortakingdrugs Themainoppositionleaderwasexpelledfromherparty Synonymsthrow kickoutexclude expel 2 WordStudy c toforceaforeignertoleaveacountry esp becausehehasbrokenthelaworforpoliticalreasons逐出 Examples Hewasexpelledformakingracistremarks Thegovernmentistryingtoexpelallforeignjournalists Synonymsexile sendsb intoexiledeportbanishrepatriate Examples Threediplomatswereexpelledforspying expel 3 WordStudy 9 inarticulate a a notabletoexpressyourfeelingsclearlyoreasily 说话时 词不达意的 口齿不清的b speechthatisinarticulateisnotclearlyexpressedorpronounced 话语 表达不清楚的 发音不清的 Synonymsbeatalossbelostforwords Examples Mymeetingswithhimleftmeinarticulatewithrage Heisashyandinarticulateman Hewascalling makinginarticulatenoises gruntingandangry Wordformationsarticulate oppo inarticulateness inarticulacy n inarticulately adv WordStudy Examples Thecleaning upoperationaftertheoilspillwillbedifficultbutnotinsoluble Thegovernmenthastodealwithwhatseemslikeaninsolublepoliticalproblem racialharmonywithinthecommunity insolublematter a a difficultorimpossibletosolveorexplain insolvable 问题 似乎 无法解决的b thatcannotbedissolved不能溶解的 Synonymsunsolvedinsolvableintractabledissolvemelt 10 insoluble WordStudy 8 impersonal a a notshowinganyfeelingsofsympathy friendlinessetc 不表示同情的 冷漠的b aplaceorsituationthatisimpersonaldoesnotmakepeoplefeelthattheyareimportant 地方或情况 没有人情味的 冷淡的 Examples Businesslettersdonothavetobeimpersonalandformal Ihatestayinginhotels they resoimpersonal Ihadnodesiretoworkforalarge impersonalorganization Synonymsunfriendlyunwelcominginhospitableforbidding WordStudy silverjubileegoldenjubileediamondjubilee n adatethatiscelebratedbecauseitisexactly25years 50yearsetcafteranimportantevent 重要事件25年 50年等的 周年纪念 compareanniversarycentenary Doyouknowhowmanyyearstheyaremarking 50years60years25years 11 jubilee WordStudy Examples Theclosureofthelocalhospitalhascausedahugepublicoutcry Thepublicoutcryagainsttheexecutionsmadelittledifference Therewasawidespreadoutcryovertheincreaseinfueltax n anangryprotestbyalotofordinarypeople公众的强烈抗议 反对 Synonymscomplaintprotestgrievancegripe 12 outcry WordStudy Examples Aftershehadpolishedthefurniture shecleanedthewindows Agoodpolishnowandthenwillkeepthetablelookingnew furniture shoe floor etc polish aliquid powder orothersubstancethatyourubintoasurfacetomakeitsmoothandshiny v n a tomakesomethingsmooth bright andshinybyrubbingit擦光 擦亮 13 polish 1 WordStudy Examples Youressayisgood youjustneedtopolishitabit Carla swritinghaspotential butitlackspolish v n b toimproveapieceofwriting aspeechetcbymakingslightchangestoitbeforeitiscompletelyfinished polish phrases 13 polish 2 WordStudy Examples YoushouldpolishupyourSpanishbeforeyougotoChile Thecompanyneedstopolishupitsimage 1 polishsth upa toimproveaskilloranabilitybypractisingit polishuponsth 通过练习 提高改善 能力 b tomakesomethingseembetterormoreattractivetootherpeople WordStudy Examples EdwardrenouncedhisclaimtotheFrenchthrone RudolphvoluntarilyrenouncedhisU S citizenship v a togiveup atitle forexample especiallybyformalannouncement 正式 宣布放弃 职位 等 Synonymsgiveupabandonrelinquishdisclaim 14 renounce 1 WordStudy Examples Weabsolutelyrenounceallformsofterrorism Thesegroupsmustrenounceviolenceifthereistobeprogresstowardspeace Youngpeoplerenouncedcapitalisminfavorofpeaceandlove v b topubliclysayorshowthatyounolongerbelieveinsomething orwillnolongerbehaveinaparticularway 正式 宣布放弃 信仰 等 断绝关系 Synonymsrejectdenyspurn 14 renounce 2 WordStudy Examples OncehehadforgottentolockMrCoran sofficeandhadbeenharshlyreprimanded Themilitarycourtreprimandedhimforfailingtodohisduty v n totellsomeoneofficiallythatsomethingtheyhavedoneisverywrong 正式 申诉 谴责 Synonymsscoldrebuketellsb offpullsb uphaveabonetopickwith 15 reprimand WordStudy Examples Schoolsshouldnotsegregatechildrenwithdisabilities Blacksweresegregatedfromwhitesinschools v a toseparateonegroupofpeoplefromothers especiallybecausetheyareofadifferentrace sex orreligion 尤指因种族 性别 宗教不同而 使分开 与 分离 隔离 oppo integrate Synonymsseparatekeepsb apartisolatecutsb offfromkeep inquarantineapartheid segregation 16 segregate 1 WordStudy Examples Thecoffeeroomhadbeensegregatedintosmokingandnon smokingareas Theytooweresegregatedintowagonsforfamiliesandthoseforsinglemen v b toseparateonepartofaplaceorthingfromanother Wordformationssegregated a segregation n 16 segregate 2 WordStudy Examples Newsoftheirengagementcreatedagreatsensation n extremeexcitementorinterest orsomeoneorsomethingthatcausesthis轰动 激动 Wordformationssensational a sensationalize v 17 sensation 1 WordStudy Examples Butthethick hardenedlayersofdeadskinsometimespressonthenerve causingaburningsensationwhenyouwalk Onesignofaheartattackisatinglingsensationintheleftarm n afeelingthatyougetfromoneofyourfivesenses especiallythesenseoftouch 感官的 感觉能力 17 sensation 2 WordStudy Examples Carolinehadthesensationthatshewasbeingwatched Itwasastrangesensation IfeltI dbeentherebefore n afeelingthatisdifficulttodescribe causedbyaparticularevent experience ormemory 由某一事件 经历或记忆引起的难以描述的 感受 17 sensation 3 WordStudy Examples Carolslumpedbackinherchair defeated Benstaggeredandslumpedontothefloor Ashousesaleshaveslumped sohasspendingondepartment storespecialtieslikefurniture carpetsandelectricalappliances Thecurrencyslumpedtoarecordlow v a tofallorleanagainstsomethingbecauseyouarenotstrongenoughtostand颓然倒下 突然跌坐b tosuddenlygodowninprice value ornumber 物价 价值或数量 暴跌 剧降 oppositesoar 20 slump 1 WordStudy Examples Theslumpinthepropertymarketismakingitdifficultforpeopletoselltheirhomes Thepost warslumpsenttheunemploymentfigurestotwicetheexpectedlevel Thewarwasfollowedbyaneconomicslump n a asuddendecreaseinprices sales profitsetcb aperiodwhenthereisareductioninbusinessandmanypeoplelosetheirjobs 贸易 锐减 衰退 萧条 时期 Synonymsdepressionrecessioncrash Oppositeboom 20 slump 2 WordStudy Examples Nina svoicesoundedstrained ShehaddifficultyattendingtoMrs Browning squestionsandrepliedinastrainedvoice Lesley Janelookedstrainedandpeakyandherperformancewasonceagainsubdued a a showingtheeffectsofworryortoomuchwork心力交瘁的 疲惫的 18 strained 1 WordStudy Examples Aftertheargumenttherewasastrainedsilence OurrelationshipbecameverystrainedbecauseIhadrefusedtolendhimmoney a b astrainedsituationorbehaviorisnotrelaxed natural orfriendly紧张的 不自然的 Synonymstenseuneasyunsettlingnerve wrackingcharged Morestudyon strain 18 strained 2 WordStudy strainone sauthoritystrainone seyes earsstraineverynerveDonotstrainyourself thestrainofsleeplessnightsbeastrainonsb resourcesastraininthearmastainedlaughcrack collapseunderthestrain 滥用权威尽力倾听 注视全力以赴 竭尽全力别太劳累连夜不眠的过度劳累对某人的财力是一项重担手臂扭伤勉强的笑不堪重负 WordStudy Examples She safriendly sociablewoman Someresearchhasshownthatpeoplewithoutbrothersandsisterstendtobelesssociable a someonewhoissociableisfriendlyandenjoysbeingwithotherpeople好交际的 喜欢与人交往的 Wordformationsunsociable oppo sociably adv sociability n Similarexpressionsoutgoingextrovert 19 sociable II PhrasesandExpressions 1 andall 16 2 beatone sease 34 3 belostinthecontemplationof 9 4 bringsth toaclose 2 5 feeluptosth 4 6 getbeyondsb 51 7 notforallthemoneyintheworld 43 List 8 outof fromnowhere 44 9 outofthecornerofone seye 8 10 putdownadrink 5 11 savesb sth from 39 12 squintat 8 13 talkoutone shearttosb 42 14 takealeap 30 PhrasesandExpressions includingthethingorthingsjustmentioned Examples Theyatethewholefish head bones tail andall Thebosspromisedtoprovidemewithacomputerandall 1 andall feelingrelaxed esp inasituationinwhichpeoplemightfeelalittlenervous舒适 无拘无束的 PhrasesandExpressions Examples Sheisneverparticularlyathereaseinhisoffice Andtheylookedhappyandat their easeastheymovedinsidetotheenormouschampagnereceptionMelhadarranged 2 beatone sease Examples Likeadreamer theAmericanartistislostincontemplationofsomethingoutsidehimselfanddoesnotidentifywithit Williamislookingoutofthewindow lostincontemplation thinkingsohardaboutsomething orbeingsointerestedinsomething thatyoudonotnoticewhatishappeningaroundyou想的出神 PhrasesandExpressions Similarphrasebelostinthought 3 belostinthecontemplationof toendorconcludesth Examples Finallythemeetingwasbroughttoaclosebythenewchairman Philpot sretirementbroughttoacloseanerainthelifeoftheschool 4 bringsth toaclose PhrasesandExpressions close phrases Tobecontinuedonthenextpage PhrasesandExpressions cf Atthecloseoftrade theDowJonesindexwas1 92pointsdown Themonsoonseasonwasdrawingtoaclose ending Theeventcametoaclose finished withadisco PhrasesandExpressions 5 feeluptosth tohavethestrength energyetctodosomething tobewellenoughto觉得能担当Examples Ijustdidn tfeeluptogoing Youdon tneedtogobacktoschoolifyoudon tfeeluptoit HeisscheduledtojointheteaminCalgarylatetodayifhisbackisfeelinguptoit Similarexpressionsbeuptosth tobecometoodifficultforsomeonetounderstand做不出来 想不出来Examples Thewholeproblemgotbeyondhim WhyJoanevermarriedsuchanidiotinthefirstplacegotbeyondme 6 getbeyondsb PhrasesandExpressions itisimpossibletoobtainortodosth Examples NotforallthemoneyintheworldwouldIabandonmywonderfulwife Andyoustillcan tgetagooddailywomannowtoclean notforallthemoneyintheworld 7 notforallthemoneyintheworld PhrasesandExpressions happeningorappearingsuddenlyandwithoutwarning莫名其妙的出现Examples Inthelastfewseconds Gunnellcamefromnowheretowinanothergoldmedal Fromoutofnowhereheasksmetomarryhim Igottobecareful carsjustsuddenlycomeoutfromnowhereandit seasytohaveanaccident 8 outof fromnowhere PhrasesandExpressions tonoticesomethingaccidentally withoutturningyourheadtowardsitorlookingforitExamples Outofthecornerofhereyeshesawthedogrunningtowardsher Icaughtamantailingmeoutofthecornerofmyeye 9 outofthecornerofone seye PhrasesandExpressions todrinksth upinonegulpExamples Heputdownhiscoffeeandaskedforthebill Sheputdownhermilkandranforthebus 10 putdownadrink PhrasesandExpressions Similarexpressionsgulpdownswallow tomakesomeoneorsomethingsafefromdanger harm ordestructionExamples Hesavedthechildfromdrowning Conservationistsaretryingtosavethewhalefromextinction FinancialexpertsaretryingtosaveoneofBritain sbiggestholidaycompaniesfrombankruptcy 11 savesb sth from PhrasesandExpressions tolookatsomethingwithyoureyespartlyclosedinordertoseebetterExamples Mrs Fanningsquintedatthewritingonthedoor Stopsquintingatthescreen putyourglasseson Hehad tookasquintattheheadlineofthenews PhrasesandExpressions 12 squintat totelleverythinginone smindthoroughlyandfreelytosb topouroutone sfeelingstosb Examples Sometimesweneedtotalkoutourhearttoourfriends Comeandtalkoutyourhearttous We rereadytoofferyouhelp 13 talkoutone shearttosb PhrasesandExpressions tohaveaquickjump moveinsth Example HetookaleapintheinterviewandfirstaskedmehowmuchmoneyIwouldexpecttogetinamonth 14 takealeap PhrasesandExpressions leap phrases Tobecontinuedonthenextpage takealeapoveranobstacleinoneleapanenormousleapforwardin byleapsandboundsaleapof the imaginationaleapinthedarkleapyearleapoffaithLookbeforeyouleap leapat PhrasesandExpressions 越过障碍物以一跃巨大的跃进飞跃地 极迅速地想象力的飞跃冒险的行动 轻举妄动闰年相信不可捉摸之事物三思而后行急切地抓住 机会等 TheendofPhrasesandExpressions WordBuilding List Prefix a ex in 2 Root pelvert WordBuilding abreast ablazeabreastabroadaheadaside 着火 燃烧并肩 并排 并列在国外 到国外向前 在前头在一边 prefix a in on at by with to expel WordBuilding prefix root excludeexposeextractexcavateexpel ex out 排斥 排外展出 揭露抽出 拔出挖出 发掘赶出 逐出 incomprehensible WordBuilding prefix incomprehensibleinarticulateinsolubleindisputableinhumaninhospitableinharmonious in not 不能理解的 难懂的说不出的 不能言喻的 问题等 不能解决的无可争辩的 无可置疑的无人性的 非人的不好客的 不殷勤的不和谐的 不合调的 expel WordBuilding prefix root compeldispelexpelimpelpropelpropellerrepel pel topush todrive 强迫 被迫 迫使消除 驱散 赶走开除 驱逐 赶走迫使 驱使推进 推动推进器 螺旋桨击退 使厌恶 抵制 avert WordBuilding prefix root avertrevertdivertconvertpervertinvertintrovertextrovertsubvert vert toturn 转移 目光 思想等 防止使颠倒 使回转 回复转移 转向变换 转变反常使颠倒 使转化 转化的使内向 内省 内向性格的人外向性格的人推翻 颠覆 TheendofWordBuilding Grammar Subject verbConcord Whatistheguidingprinciplehere subject verbconcord Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Study identifythegrammarrulesinthesentences 1 Thecommitteeofthesculpturesectionreceivedaprivatereprimandforhavingbeensocarelessastoomitthewords forwhitesonly fromtheconditions butwastold byaveryhighpersonage itissaid thatifSimelane swork wasindisputablythebest itshouldreceivetheaward Para 2 2 Thecommitteearedividedinopinionaboutthisproblem Grammar Therearecollectivenounsthatcanbeusedeitheraspluralorassingular Thechoiceoftheverbformfollowingsuchnounsdependsontheexactmeaningofthenouninaspecificcontext Whenthenounisusedinthesenseofacollectiveasawhole theverbtakesthesingularform If ontheotherhand thenounisusedinthesenseoftheindividualsthatmakethecollective theverbtakesthepluralform Subject verbConcord guidingprinciple 1 Moreexamples Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Grammar Thatgroupofsoldiersisatop notchfightingunit Thatgroupofsoldiershavethebestratingsofindividualperformance Subject verbConcord guidingprinciple 1 Thefootballteamisbeingreorganized Thefootballteamarehavingbathsandarethencomingbackherefortea Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Grammar Subject verbConcord subject verbconcord Whatistheguidingprinciplehere Study identifythegrammarrulesinthesentences 1 buti