湖南省长沙县实验中学高中英语 旧词新意长难句解析学案.doc

湖南省长沙县实验中学2013届英语旧词新意长难句解析学案近年来，为了考查考生猜测词义的能力，高考英语阅读理解题中出现了大量生词，其中有不少词属于熟词换新义的情况，很多考生因不懂这些熟词的新含义，而出现思维被堵的现象，严重影响了对全文的正确理解，造成了不应有的失分。例1：ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 us citizens in that area so they can enter the country when canadian customs stations are closed, but the us stopped a similar program last may. （2005全国卷i）析：custom原本为名词，表风俗习惯。由句中special passes、enter the country和are closed之间的语境逻辑可以推断该词仍为名词，表“海关”。例2：the other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004山东卷）析：head本为名词，表头。由the bus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表方向，结合全句可译为“开往、驶向”。例3：i had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment.（04全国卷）析：cloud本为名词，表云。分析语境逻辑可知，忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded应译为使难以。例4：finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they dont regret their choice of study. （2004山东卷）析：land作动词，表登陆、着陆。结合语境可知，登陆第一份工作就指找到第一份工作，因此该句land应译为“得到、找到”。例5：how could they begin to picture modern life？析：picture本为名词，表图画。分析语境逻辑可知，该句picture作为动词，可理解为使出现图画，即描绘。不少考生因不理解划线部分熟词的新含义，给全句甚至全文的理解带来很大困难。显然为了提高阅读效率，我们很有必要归纳一下熟词的新词义。1. fire vt. 解雇 work hard or you will be fired. 努力工作，否则你将被解雇。2. fine vt. 罚款 if you pay no attention to the red light and run across the street, youll be fined.如果你对红灯不予理睬，强行过马路，你将被罚款。3. fall n. 秋天 in fall all the leaves fall of themselves. 秋天所有树叶都会无风自落。4. wind vt. 使弯曲前进 vi. 迂回，蜿蜒the great wall of china winds its way from west to east.长城自西向东蜿蜒前进。5. lay 下蛋，产卵 the hens lay there, laying eggs. 母鸡伏在那里下蛋。6. spring n. 泉水，弹簧，弹力；vt. 跳跃the spring has run dry. 这眼泉干涸了。 this is a dead spring. 这弹簧失去了弹性。he rose with a spring. 他一跃而起。 the ball sprang back and hit him. 球弹回打在他身上。7. mine n. 矿山；vt. 开采（矿物）this mine will be opened. 这个矿井将被开采。coal is mined from underground. 煤采自地下。8. egg n. 卵 an ant starts as an egg. 蚂蚁的生命自卵开始。9. can n. 罐头 this is a can of oranges.这是一罐头桔子。10. bear vt. 忍受 i cant bear this pain. 我无法忍受这样的痛苦。11. stand vt. 忍受 i cant stand being treated like this. 我受不了别人这么对我。12. clear vi. 天气转晴 the sky will clear up this afternoon. 下午天将转晴。13. cross n. 十字架 it is not right for you to wear a cross. 你戴十字架不合适。14. cost vt. 使丧失the storm cost the king all his ships. 这场暴风雨使国王失掉了所有船只。15. date vi. 始于或属于（某一历史时期）；n. 约会this tower dates from / back to the 14th century. 此塔历史可追溯到十四世纪。i will have a date with jenny tonight. 今晚我与詹妮有约会。16. way n. 领域，场合science can help peasants in many ways. 科学可在很多领域对农民们有帮助。17. flat n. 一套房间 i have a flat in this building. 我在这幢楼里有一套房间。18. gift n. 天资，才能 he has a gift for music. 他有音乐天赋。19. good n. 好处，利益 we study for the good of the people. 我们为人民利益而学习。20. break n. 课间/工间休息 lets have a break. 让我们休息一会儿。21. green adj. 青的，生的these apples are still green, you cant pick them.这些苹果还未成熟，请别摘。22. table n. 表格 this is a railway timetable. 这是一张火车时刻表。23. tear vt. 撕 he tore the letter open. 他将信撕开了。24. china n. 瓷器 i will buy a set of china. 我要买一套瓷器。25. interest n. 利益 i criticize you for your interest. 我批评你是为了你好。26. iron n. 熨斗 she is pressing her dress with an iron. 他在用熨斗烫衣服。27. lift n. 电梯the building is too high, please take the lift. 楼房太高了，请乘电梯。28. must n. 必须做的事情 to learn english well is a must. 学好英语是非常必要的。29. promise vt. 有希望 he promises to be a scientist. 他有希望成为科学家。30. race n. 种族，人种 they are black races. 他们是黑色人种。31. seat vt. 可容纳，坐得下人our hall can seat 1 000 people. 我们的大厅可容纳1 000人。32. second n. 秒 a minute is equal to sixty seconds. 一分钟等于60秒。33. sound vt. 使发出声音if there is a fire, please sound the fire alarm. 如果发生火灾，请按火警。34. word n. 消息，情报word comes that there will be a film this evening. 有消息说，今晚将有一场电影。35. world n. 界 he is very popular in the world of music. 他在音乐界颇受欢迎。36. hold vt. 容纳，盛得下 our classroom can hold 100 students. 我们的教室可容纳100个学生。37. run vt. 经营，开办；操作 he runs a famous school. 他开办着一所著名学校。 he is running a machine. 他正在操作一台机器。38. excuse vt. 使免去 excuse me from work next friday. 请同意我星期五不上班。39. will n. 意志，决心 he has a strong will. 他有坚强的意志。40. some adv. 大约 there are some fifty students in our class. 我们班大约有五十个学生。2011届高三英语阅读专题复习-长难句分析一、长难句的分类1、带有较多成分的简单句。having chosen family television programs and womens magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific womens magazines to be used. 2、含有多个简单句的并列句。in the 1970s, he was a surgeon at yale，and had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy. 3、含有多个从句的复合句。i cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.4、含有多个插入成分的句子。his journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（无知地） enough when, as chairman of computer associates international，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system. 5、并列复合句。i have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but i have never questioned the fact that whether i liked it or not，change was unavoidable. 6、 倒装句。before 1066, in the land we now call great britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. 二、分析长难句的方法策略(一) 结构分析法所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。 方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法找主，谓语，即找主干成分however, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.方法二：并列句的处理方法 找并列连词 miss germaines mother looked anxious through the wedding and mr. cordells parents are reported to be less than delighted.方法三：主从复合句的处理方法找从属连词 whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say that he didnt know that his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking he could sleep on the sofa.方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句 if you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the english language, you will get answers like “shakespeare”, “samuel johnson”, and “webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak englishwilliam, the conqueror.(二) 意群阅读法。意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。 when two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.分析：是状语从句，是主句，是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样，把整个句子划为3个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。 巩固练习;tristan da cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the guinness book of records. it is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor st. helena, and 1,950 miles west of africa. discovered by the portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to great britain and has a population of a few hundred. coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant islandis easter island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, pitcairn island, and 2,300 miles west