专业学位硕士研究生英语教程08.doc

Unit 8Literary WorksPreview Nobody grows old by merely living a number of years. They must have undergone disappointment and despair. For them, life is truly a box of chocolates except that it is black and bitter: years wrinkle their skin, loneliness is taking away the dim light, and the reality is a horrible truth of vanity. A clean and well-lighted place thus is the only refuge from the darkness of the world outside. It is best to be a home, a bar, or a cafe with brandy and coffee served by the young generation.Part IText ReadingWarm-upI.Aging issueA trend towards an ever older population is sweeping the world. But far prior to this, some proverbs or sayings have showed their attitudes toward the aged. Guess the meanings of the following proverbs or sayings, and tell whether they are positive, negative or neutral with regard to the aged.1. You cant teach an old dog new tricks.上年纪的人学不了新玩意。2. Old birds are not to be caught with chaff. 老谋是不会失算的。3. A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams. 只要一个人还有追求，他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想，一个人才算老。4. Old foxes want no tutors. 老狐狸不需要教师。5. If the old dog barks, he gives counsel. 不听老人言，吃亏在眼前。6. An old man is treasure of a family. 家有一老，如有一宝。7. Old bees yield no honey. 老蜂不酿蜜。8. The devil knows many things because he is old. 姜是老的辣。Negative：1,7 Positive: 2, 4, 5, 6Neutral：3II. How are the aged and the young different?We need to be aware of the differences between the aged and the young so as to respect the differences and bridge the gap. Listed below are descriptions or statements on the aged and the young. Decide which age group each of these belongs to.1. Dreaming with passion about the future.2. Looking back on the best days.3. Psychically and mentally fragile.4. Nostalgic.5. Longing for home as a shelter.6. Retaining grace under pressure.7. Being overwhelmed by vain sorrows.8. Feeling lonely.9. Getting ready to start over.10. Acting on impulse.11. Thinking twice before taking a step.12. Getting bored with life.III. Your attitude toward the aged.Show your responses on the following occasions:When you come across a homeless person over 60 years old.When your grandparents keep nagging at you.When an old man in rags approaches you for help.When you find an old man alone at the restaurant or in the bar.TextA Clean, Well-Lighted Place1Ernest Hemingway211 It was late and everyone had left the caf except an old man who sat in the shadow get some shade (树荫) under a tree the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the daytime (nighttime) the street was dusty, but at night the dew (露珠) settled ( an argument平息纠纷或争吵) the dust and the old man liked to sit late (=stay up late) because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. The two waiters (waitress) inside the caf knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while (=though) he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept watch on him.2 Last week he tried to commit suicide, one waiter said.3 Why?4 He was in despair (=desperate).5 What about? (Why)6 Nothing.7 How do you know it was nothing?8 He has plenty of money.9 They sat together at a table that was close against (靠墙) the wall near the door of the caf and looked at the terrace (a flat, hard area, especially outside a house or restaurant, where you can sit, eat and enjoy the sun) where the tables were all empty (vacant-vacancy) except (table) where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind.310 The old man sitting in the shadow rapped (to hit a hard object or surface several times quickly, making a noise) on his saucer (a small shallow round dish that a cup stands on; an object that is shaped like this cups and saucers) with his glass. The younger waiter went over to him.11 What do you want?12 The old man looked at him. Another (glass of) brandy, he said.13 Youll be drunk, the waiter said. The old man looked at him. The waiter went away.14 Hell stay all night, he said to his colleague. Im sleepy now I never get into bed before three oclock. He should have killed himself last week.15 The waiter took the brandy bottle and another saucer from the counter counter-attack自卫反击战-encounter遭遇 inside the cafe and marched out the Long March长征, stride to the old mans table. He put down the saucer and poured Its not raining, its pouring! the glass full of brandy. The waiter took the bottle back inside the caf. He sat down at the table with his colleague again.16 I wish he would go home I wish I could jump as high as the tall!. I never get to bed before three oclock. What kind of hour (time) is that to go to bed?17 He stays up because he likes it.18 Hes alone独处；along: (1)pre.沿着, the street/ the road；（2）adv. Shes waiting the right man come along.等着意中人的处出现 lonely (孤独). Im not lonely. I have a wife waiting in bed for me.19 He had a wife once too.20 A wife would be no good (=no use) to him now21 You cant tell4 (Nobody knows天知道). He might be better (happier) with a wife.22 I wouldnt want to be that (=so) old. An old man is a nasty (very bad or unpleasant) thing (nuisance. Noise is a nuisance).23 Not always. This old man is clean. He drinks without spilling (泼洒). Even now, drunk. Look at him.24 I dont want to look at (=attend to伺候) him. I wish he would go home. He has no regard (concern关心) for pay no attention to sb./ be considerate to sb.; (1) handsome/ beautiful; (2) intelligent; (3) considerate体贴周到=moral those who must work.25 The old man looked from his glass across the square (terrace), then over at the waiters.26 Another brandy, he said, pointing to his glass. The waiter who was in a hurry came over.27 (I have) Finished, he said, speaking with that omission of syntax stupid people employ (use) when talking to drunken people or foreigners. No more tonight. Close now.28Another, said the old man.29 No. Finished. The waiter wiped the edge of the table with a towel and shook his head. Gods Must Be Crazy上帝也疯狂30 The old man stood up, slowly counted the saucers (glassses), took a leather coin purse from his pocket and paid for the drinks, leaving half a peseta5 tip (消费).31 The waiter watched him go (going# to go) down go up north朝北走go down south朝南走; go up the hill上山go down the hill下山. Go to down town下城里去go up to the countryside下乡 the street, a very old man walking unsteadily (蹒跚) but with dignity (不失尊严).32 Why didnt you let (have/ make) him stay and drink? the unhurried waiter asked. They were putting up the shutter. It is not half past two.33 I want to go home to bed.34 What is (the difference of) an hour?多耽误一小时又怎样？35 More (important) to me than to him.36 An hour is the same (to anybody).37 You talk like (pre.) an old man yourself. He can buy a bottle and drink at home.38 Its not the same.39 No, it is not, agreed the waiter with a wife. He did not wish to be unjust (=unfair). He was only in a hurry.40 And you? You have no fear (担心) of going home before your usual hour (time)?41 Are you trying to insult me?42 No, hombre (guy/ fellow; a man, especially one of a particular type), only to make a joke.43 No, the waiter who was in a hurry said, rising (standing up) from pulling down the metal shutters (金属卷帘门). I have confidence. I am all confidence (-confident).44 You have youth (n. You are young), confidence, and a job, the older waiter said. You have everything.45 And what do you lack (vt./ n.)?46 (I lack) Everything but (=except) work.47 You have everything I have.48 No. I have never had confidence and I am not young.49 Come on (得了吧). Stop talking nonsense (废话) and lock up.50 I am (one) of those (people) who like to stay late at the caf, the older waiter said.51 With all those who do not want to go to bed. With all those who need a light for the night.52 I want to go home to bed.53 We are of two different kinds (of people), the old waiter said. He was now dressed to go home. It is not only a question of youth and confidence although those things are very beautiful. Each night I am reluctant (=unwilling) to close up because there may be someone who needs the cafe54 Hombre, there are bodegas (storehouses for maturing wine) open all night long (=all the night).55 You do not understand. This is a clean and pleasant caf? It is well lighted. The light is very good and also, now, there are shadows of the leaves.56 Good night, said the younger waiter.57 Good night, the other said. Turning off the electric light he continued the conversation with himself. It (The difference between this caf and others) is the light of course, but it is necessary that the place be clean and pleasant. You (Customers) do not want music. Certainly you do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity although that is all that is provided for these hours. What did he fear? It was not fear (n./ vt.) or dread (n./ vt.). It was a nothing that he knew too well (不甚明了). It was all a nothing and a man was nothing (useless) too. It (Reason) was only that the light was all it (cafe) needed and a certain cleanness (清洁) and order (井然有序). Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was nada (=nothing) y pues nada y nada y pues nada.6 (竹篮打水一场空). Our nada who art in nada, nada be thy (=your) name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in nada. Give us this nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver (save) us from nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee (you).8 与上帝同行-与零同行58 He smiled and stood before a bar with a shining steam pressure coffee machine9 (a coffee machine with drive from steam pressure).59 What is yours (What do you want)? asked the barman.60 Nada.61 Otro loco mas10 (Another crazy person又一个疯狂的人) said the barman and turned away.62 A little cup, said the waiter.63 The barman poured it for him.64 The light is very bright and pleasant but the bar is unpolished (not clean), the waiter said.65 The barman looked at him but did not answer. It was too late at night for (verse-conversate-) conversation.66 You want another copita11 (a traditional Spanish tulip-shaped sherry glass)? the barman asked.67 No, thank you, said the waiter and went out. He disliked bars and bodegas (酒馆). A clean, well-lighted cafe was a very different thing. Now, without thinking further, he would go home to his room. He would lie in the bed and finally, with daylight (Day dawn), he would go to sleep. After all, he said to himself, it was probably only insomnia (失眠症). Many (people) must have it (disease).Notes1. A Clean, (ill) Well-Lighted (照明充足的) Place is a short story by Ernest Hemingway, first published in 1926. It was later included in his 1933 collection (小说集), Winner Take Nothing (胜者无所得). The main focus of this short story is on the pain of old age suffered by a man that we meet in a cafe late one night. Light and dark are contrasted (极端事物的对比) to show the difference between the aged (the old老年人) and the young people. This story throughout pictures (描绘) the desperation (绝望) of the aged when he has realizes the (futile无用的-) futility (=uselessness) of life.2. Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 -July 2, 1961) was an American writer and journalist (专栏作家/ 新闻工作者-journalism新闻学). He was one of the veterans (老兵) of World War I later known as the Lost Generation(迷茫的一代). He received the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Hemingways distinctive (different/ typical) writing style is characterized by economy (语言简练) and (overstatement言过其实) understatement (含蓄). His heroes exhibit (=show) an (idea想法) ideal (理想的) described as grace (优雅) under pressure. Win without pride and lose without disgrace胜不骄，败不馁3. They sat together at a table that . moved slightly (轻微地) in the wind.This long complicated (复杂的) sentence consists of three attributive clauses which are listed below:Attributive clause (1) .that was close against the wall near the door of the caf? Attributive clause (2) .where the tables were all empty.Attributive clause (3) .that moved slightly in the wind.4. You cant tell (= You dont know): (slang) You never can tell. It could be interpreted as Nobody knows or Nobody can be certain about it.5. peseta: /peseta/ A basic unit of current: (1)n.洋流潮流; (2) 当前的； affairs时事; extra affairs婚外情 currency (货币) in Andorra (安哥拉) and Spain (西班牙) between 1869 and 2002.6. .it all was nada y pues nada y nada y pues nada: it all was nothing and as nothing. Nada, y and pues are all from Spanish and Portuguese; nada is for nothing, y is for and, and pues is for as.7. Our nada who art in nada, . but deliver us from nada; pues nada.Here the old waiter said the Lords Prayer (向上帝祷告; pray: vi. 祷告; prayer: n. 祈祷词) by replacing (=substituting) words with nada, with which he implied (indicate暗示) that religion (宗教) was a poor therapy (药方/ 疗法-therapist医生) for people in despair and nothingness (因一无所有而绝望的时候). The Lords Prayer, also known as the Our Father Prayer, is probably the best-known prayer in Christianity (基督教); which takes the following form: Our Father, who art in Heaven, hallowed (holly) be Thy (=your) Name. Thy Kingdom (王国) come, Thy will be done, on Earth, as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our trespasses (sins罪孽), as we forgive those who trespass (得罪) against us. And lead us not into temptation (诱惑), but deliver us from evil (邪恶). For thine (yours) is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory (光荣), forever and ever. Amen.8. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with thee.Here the old waiter said the first line from the Hail Mary Prayer, replacing words with nothing, showing how desperate he was when he was stuck (cornered) in nothingness. 老而无功The Hail Mary is a traditional Catholic (天主教) prayer asking for the blessing (保佑) of the Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus (Christ- Christmas圣诞节). This prayer takes (呈现) the following form: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord (God) is with thee (you); blessed art thou (you) among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb (子宫), Jesus. Holy Mary; Mother of God, pray for us sinners (罪人), now and at the hour of our death. Amen.9. the shine: (1)n. 阳光(2)vi.-普照大地/ 照耀 shining (闪闪发亮的) steam pressure coffee machine: a coffee machine with drive from steam pressure.10. Otro loco mas: Another crazy person (from Spanish).11. copita: a traditional Spanish tulip (郁金香/ 马蹄莲)-shaped sherry (雪利酒, 葡萄酒) glass.Word Bankbodega: n. a small Spanish grocer杂货店老板-grocers (shop) grocery (日杂用品) store, sometimes combined with a wineshop酒店，酒窖; spirit 精神/灵魂/烈性酒brandy: n.an alcoholic liquor distilled (分馏) from wine or fermented (发酵的) fruit juice白兰地; brand new崭新的(coffee) cafe (=cafeteria): n. (US) a place to buy drinks, simple meals, and snacks (快餐) in咖啡馆，小餐馆 client: n. a customer or patron顾客-patriot- patrioticcommit: v.to do or perform sth. illegal做，实行或犯（罪）(confident: adj. -) confidence: n. trust or faith in sb. or sth.信心，信赖despair (n./ vi. -desperate: adj.): n. complete loss of hope绝望dew: n. water droplets (小水滴) condensed (凝结) from the air, usually at night露珠; -let: adj. small/ tinydignity (n. -dignify: vt.): n. poise (n. / vt. 平衡) and self-respect尊严(drink-drank-) drunk: adj. intoxicated with alcoholic liquor喝醉的; drunk driving酒后驾车; drunkard醉鬼(dust-) dusty: adj. covered or filled with dust布满尘埃的employ (-employer employee): v. to make use of使用hombre: n. (slang俚语/ 方言) a man from Spain男人，西班牙系的人insomnia: n.chronic (慢性的/长期的) inability to fall asleep or remain asleep for an adequate (=enough) length of time失眠(症)insult: v.to treat with rudeness侮辱nasty: adj. dirty and smelly emission (散发): n.the act or an instance of emitting肮脏，邋遢的(omit-) omission省略, 删除rap: (1)n. 说唱文学作品; (2)vt. to hit sharply and swiftly敲击regard: (1) n. careful thought or attention留意，关心; (2)vt. consider认为reluctant (-reluctance): adj. be unwilling (to do sth.); (be) disinclined不愿意的be inclined to do sth.想做某事(sauce调味汁-) saucer: n. a small shallow dish having a slight circular (圆形的/ 环形的) depression (凹槽) in the center for holding a cup茶托shutter: n. a hinged cover or screen for a window, usually fitted with louvers (天窗,) 百叶窗spill: v. to cause or allow to run or fall out of a container (容器) 溢出，溅出square: n.an open, usually four-sided area广场; meter平方米/ cubic meter立方米(commit) suicide: n. the act or an instance of intentionally killing oneself自杀; pesticide杀虫剂syntax: n.the pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language句式，句型, 句法terrace: n. a platform extending outdoors (adv.户外) from a floor of a house or an apartment building平台, balcony阳台/ 楼厅unjust: (1) adj. unfair不公平的; (2)adv. What did you say just now?unpolished: adj.lacking in good manners, culture, or refinement粗鲁的；polish (=flatter)：vt. 阿谀奉承Phrases and Expressionsclose up: to cause to cease operation or being used打烊 in a hurry (vi./ n.): hurriedly匆忙地; Hurry up, or well be late!keep watch:to keep an careful observation盯梢; night watch守夜人; watch TV; see a film; listen to the news over the radio.put up (=lift):to construct or erect (竖立) sth.举起，抬起stay up (late) (=sit up late):not go to bed熬夜(turn on) turn off: to stop the operation or flow of sth. by means of a tap (水龙头), switch (1)n.开关; (2)vi.转换 or button关掉(bottom)；code switch转码Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for eac