Unit 14 words.doc

新世纪英语专业综合教程4（第2版）电子教案 Unit 14UNIT 14 Words and ExpressionsParagraph 1defy: v. offer effective resistance to sth. or sb.e.g. defy public opiniona political move that defies explanation The baby boy defied all the odds and survived.Translation:他不顾一切困难坚持干下去。He was going ahead defying all difficulties.这扇门怎么样都打不开。The door defied all attempts to open it.amazing: a. very surprising, esp. in a way that makes you feel pleasure or admiratione.g. an amazing achievement/discovery/success/performance Its amazing how quickly people adapt.Derivation: amazingly ad.e.g. Amazingly, no one noticed. The meal was amazingly cheap.torrent: n. a rushing, violent or abundant stream of anythinge.g. The rain was coming down in torrents.a torrent of abuse/criticism/wordsDerivation: torrential a.e.g. torrential applause a torrential flow of wordsTranslation:没等散会，暴雨就倾泻而下。Before the meeting could end, torrential rain began to pour.accustomed: a. familiar with sth. and accepting is as normal or usualCollocation: be/become/get accustomed to sth. / doing sth.e.g. My eyes slowly grew accustomed to the dark. She was a person accustomed to having eight hours sleep a night.Synonym: habituated, adaptedAntonym: unaccustomedresort: v. turn to sth. for assistance or as the means to an endCollocation: resort to sth.e.g. They felt obliged to resort to violence. We may have to resort to using untrained staff.dispatch: v. send off or away with promptness or speede.g. The government was preparing to dispatch 6,000 soldiers to search the island. The victory inspired him to dispatch a gleeful telegram to the President.Phrase: with dispatch: quickly and efficientlye.g. He carries out his duties with dispatch.indispensable: a. essential; too important to be withoute.g. Cars have become an indispensable part of our lives.Collocation:indispensable to sb./ sth.e.g. She made herself indispensable to the department.indispensable for sth. / doing sth.e.g. A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language.Antonym: dispensablee.g. They looked on music and art lessons as dispensable.swoosh: v. make a brushing sounde.g. Cars and trucks swooshed past. The basketball swooshed through the net.Translation:飞机的推进器卷起一阵呼啸的强风。The propellers of the plane swooshed a gale.Paragraphs 2-5narrate: v. give a continuous account of sth.e.g. She entertained them by narrating her adventures in Africa.Derivation:narration: n.e.g. The richness of his novel comes from his narration of it.narrative: a.e.g. narrative fiction/ structurenarrator: n.e.g. So he listens and waits for the narrator to explain more.celebrity: n. A celebrity is someone who has become famous for sth., esp. for sth. connected with acting or show business.e.g. a global/local celebrityTV celebritiesTranslation:这场讲座由一位体育名人主讲。The lecture will be given by a sports celebrity.他是小镇上最出名的人物。He is the most well-known celebrity in the town.distribute: v. pass out or deliverCollocation: distribute sth. (to/among sb./sth.)e.g. The organization distributed food and blankets to the earthquake victims.The money was distributed among schools in the area.Translation:本报免费发送。The newspaper is distributed free.这些传单将由数百名中学生散发。The leaflets were to be distributed by hundreds of high school students.Derivation: distribution: n.e.g. the unfair distribution of wealth They studied the geographical distribution of the disease.exempt: a. not subject to an obligation, liability, etc.Collocation: exempt from sth.e.g. The interest on the money is exempt from tax. Some students are exempt from certain exams.Word formation: -exempt: in compounds, forming adjectivese.g. tax-exempt donations to charityresentment: n. a feeling of displeasure or indignation at sb. or sth. regarded as the cause of injury or insulte.g. She could not conceal the deep resentment she felt at the way she had been treated. They had to suppress all their natural resentments.Collocation: feel/harbour/bear resentment towards/against sb.Synonym: hatred, hostility, enmity, malicenotoriety: n. fame for being bad in some wayCollocation: notoriety for/as sth.e.g. She achieved notoriety for her affair with the senator. He gained a certain notoriety as a gambler.Derivation: notorious: a.e.g. a notorious criminal The country is notorious for its appalling prison conditions.Synonym: infamy, discreditconfer: v. give sb. an award, a university degree or a particular honour or right Collocation: confer sth. on/upon sb.e.g. An honorary degree was conferred on him by Oxford University in 1995. The Queen conferred knighthood on the brave soldier.Synonym: bestow, grant, award, honournemesis: n. (pl. nemeses) an unconquerable opponent or rivale.g. Injury, consistently his nemesis, struck him down during the match. The basketball team met its nemesis. Every civilization seems to have its nemesis.Etymology: The word originates from Greek Mythology. Nemesis is a goddess who is usually portrayed as the agent of divine punishment for wrongdoing or presumption.indigenous: a. characteristic of a particular region or countrye.g. countries with rich indigenous cultural traditions The elephant is indigenous to India.Translation:大熊猫产于中国。Giant pandas are indigenous to China.袋鼠原产于澳大利亚。The kangaroo is indigenous to Australia.Synonym: native, aboriginal, localreverse: v. bring back to or into; turn in the opposite directione.g. The government has failed to reverse the economic decline. He took the chair, reversed it, and drew it towards the fire.Phrases:in reverse: in the opposite order or way; backwardse.g. The password is my phone number in reverse.go/put sth. into reverse: start to happen or to make sth. happen in the opposite waye.g. In the 1980s, the economic growth went into reverse.monocular: a. having only one eyee.g. He had only monocular vision. a monocular microscopeDerivation: monocularity: n. monocularly: ad.cosmopolitan: a. belonging to all the worlde.g. I was very much struck by London the fact that its so cosmopolitan. a cosmopolitan city/resort Translation:音乐是最具有世界性的艺术之一。Music is one of the most cosmopolitan of the arts.这个俱乐部具有国际氛围。The club has a cosmopolitan atmosphere.portal: a. (formal or literary) a door, gate or entrance, esp. one of imposing size and appearancee.g. the main portal of the cathedral villas with huge marble portals the portal of knowledgeicon: n. symbole.g. Click on the printer icon with the mouse.a feminist iconMadonna and other pop icons of the 1980sSynonym: idol, symbol, modelParagraph 6omnipresent: a. present everywhere at the same timee.g. These days the media are omnipresent.the omnipresent threat of natural disastersWord formation: omni-: alle.g. omnipotent, omniscient, omnivorous SentencesParaphrase/explanation1) Everywhere, the media flow defies national boundaries. (Paragraph 1) Paraphrase:Throughout the world, the modern electronic media flow across national boundaries. / Throughout the world, the media flow is not barred by national boundaries.2) Just as their “cultures” are neither hard-wired nor uniform, so there is no simple way in which they are “Americanized”, though there are American tags on their experience low-cost links to status and fun. (Paragraph 5)Paraphrase:For young people, cultures are not innate or unvarying. They dont simply become Americanized although they may have contact with American fun culture at little cost.3) The empire strikes from inside the spectator as well as from outside. (Paragraph 6)Paraphrase:American pop culture not only impacts on the more material side of young peoples lives but also touches their hearts with great force.4) Nothing remains of it but memories and a fringe of dwelling houses on its outskirts.Paraphrase:Except for some dwelling houses on its outskirts, San Francisco has almost completely disappeared from the world and only remains in peoples memories.5) There was no withstanding the onrush of the flames.Paraphrase:Nothing could stop the forceful advancement of the flames.6) An enumeration of the deeds of heroism would stock a library and bankrupt the Carnegie medal fund.Paraphrase:The courageous and brave deeds in the firefighting would fill up a library if related in writing and exhaust the Carnegie medal if rewarded.7) Sometimes a whole family was harnessed to a carriage or delivery wagon that was weighted down with their possessions.Paraphrase:Sometimes all members of a family fastened themselves with straps to a carriage or delivery wagon that was heavily loaded with their possessions.8) And against that wall of flame, silhouetted sharply, were two United States cavalrymen sitting their horses, calmly watching.Paraphrase:Two United States soldiers sat astride on their horses and calmly watched the conflagration, their shapes contrasting sharply with the wall of flame behind them.Word derivation1) detect v. detection n. detectable a. 这些检查旨在早期查出疾病。The tests are designed to detect the disease early. 然而许多问题却未被察觉。Many problems, however, escape detection. 这种噪音人的耳朵几乎是察觉不到的。The noise is barely detectable by the human ear.2) resent v. resentment n. resentful a. 他十分厌恶被别人当孩子对待。He bitterly resents being treated like a child. 他因为自己悲惨的童年而对父母怀恨在心。He harbours a deep resentment against his parents for his miserable childhood. 她被运动队淘汰了，对此她愤愤不平。She was resentful at having been left out of the team.3) defy v. defiance n. defiant a. 如果你不服从法律，你就可能坐牢。If you defy the law, you may find yourself in prison. 尽管国际上明令禁止，核试验又在进行了。Nuclear testing was resumed in defiance of an international ban. 恐怖主义者向政府发出了挑战书。The terrorists sent a defiant message to the government.4) notoriety n. notorious a. notoriously ad. 他最近卑鄙的所作所为使他臭名昭著。He achieved a certain notoriety after his recent mean acts. 尽管此人之傲慢远