新目标初二下英语期中复习.doc

八年级下学期期中复习（一）一重点词汇1. in the future in the future意为“将来，一段时间之后的事”；in future意为“今后”，可解释为from now on,如： The little boy didnt know what he would do in the future, but he did know that he wouldnt talk with Bob in future because they had just had a big fight. 小男孩儿不知道将来要做什么，但他的确知道他今后不会再和Bob说话了，因为他们刚打了一架。2. fall （过去式：fell；过去分词：fallen） fall down 跌倒, 例如： He fell down to the ground. fall in love with 爱上某人或某物, 例如： He fell in love with her. fall into 掉入, 例如：He fell into the river. fall onto跌倒在之上, 例如： He fell onto the ground from his bike. fall off 从跌落下来, 例如： He fell off his bicycle.3. talk 的用法 talk about sth.意思是“谈论某事”, 例如： Now lets talk about your homework. 现在我们来谈谈你的作业。 talk with sb. 意思是“和某人交谈”, 例如： My mother is talking with my English teacher. 我妈妈在和我的英语老师交谈。 talk to sb.意思是“对某人谈”, 例如： The teacher is talking to the students. 老师在对学生们谈话。 talk over sth.作“讨论某事”解，宾语是代词时须位于副词over之前, 例如： They talked over the matter at table.他们吃饭时讨论了这个问题。 give a talk意思是“作一个报告” 注意要表示 “告诉某人某事”时，须用tell sb. about sth.这样的结构。4. argue with sb和discuss argue 重在就自己的看法、立场提出论证说理，以说服他人。 而 discuss 重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分, 如： I argued with him for a long time，but he refused to listen to reason. 我和他辩论了好久，但他拒不服理。 The women were discussing hats. 女人们在谈论帽子。 argue的常见搭配有： argue on / about sth. 就进行辩论 argue with sbabout sth就某事与某人一起辩论 5. enough “足够的，充足的” enough作为形容词放在名词之前，起修饰名词作用，作为副词修饰形容词或副词放置其后，常用于： be+ adj.+enough to do sth.的句型，意为“足以能”，如： She has drunk enough water/water enough. 她已经喝了足够的水。 Im strong enough for this work. 我够强壮，足以能胜任这项工作。 The boy is not old enough to go to school. 这孩子不够上学的年龄。 He runs fast enough. No one can catch up with him. 他跑得足够的快。没人能赶得上他。 另外，enough前除可用quite外，一般不用修饰；enough作名词用时，表示“足够，充足”，如： The man never has enough. 这个人永远不知足。 Ive had enough，thank you. 我吃饱了，谢谢。6. find, find out和look for find表示“找到，认为，觉得”，强调动作的结果。常指找到丢失或忘掉的东西，如： Jim couldnt find his hat.吉姆找不着帽子了。 I cant find my book.我找不到我的书。 look for意为“找，寻找”是持续性动词，强调动作，不表示结果，如： She is looking for her son.她正在找她的儿子。 Im looking for my watch. 我正在寻找我的手表。 比较：He cant find his pen.他找不到他的钢笔了。 - What are you looking for? 你在干什么？ - Im looking for my maths book. I cant find it. 我正找我的数学书，我找不到了。 find out作经过打听，询问 后搞清楚，弄明白。或指“查明”的动作，“经过调查”发现，查明真相，如： I can find out the truth of the fact. 我能查出事实的真相。7. be angry with sb；be angry at sth（1）表示“对某人生气”，可以说 be/get/become angry with sb. 也可说be/get/become angry at sb. 前者更普遍，后者更侧重于：“对某人的言行生气”。 如： Mother got angry at（with）me only because I had broken a precious cup 妈妈对我发火，只是因为我打破了一只贵重的杯子。 I was very（rather）angry at what he said我对他所说的话非常生气。（2）表示“因某事生气”，可说be/get/become angry at sth. 也可说be/get/become angry about sth. 如： He was angry at（about）what I said他对我所说的感到生气。 She was angry at being kept waiting她因别人让她久候而生气。8. on the tree和in the tree 表示“在树上”既可以用on也可以用in，但用的词不一样，所隐含的意思也就不一样： in the tree通常表示所提物体不是树上长出来的，而是挂在、落在或是停歇在树上，如： The birds are singing in the trees. 鸟在树上唱歌。 The child is staying in the tree. 小孩呆在树上。 on the tree通常表示所提物体是树上长出来的部分，如： They are busy picking the apples on the trees. 他们正忙着摘树上的苹果。 There arent many oranges on the tree. 这棵树上桔子不多。9. the same as 同一样的 same adj.同一的，相同的，如： Meet me at the same time tomorrow. 明天的这个时间和我见面。 pron. 同样的事物，如： I would do the same again. 我愿意重做一次。 the sameas 同一样的，表示与as后的事物很相像，但并不是同一个，如： Your pen is the same as mine. 你的钢笔和我的一样。 the same that = one and the same 同一样的，表示与as后的事物完全一致，完全一样，如： He was wearing the same shirt (that) hed on the day before. 他穿的那件衬衫, 是他前一天穿过的同一件衬衫。 I went out the same way (that) Id got in. 我顺着进来的原路出去了。10. help with+n. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，如：He often helps me with my English.= He often helps me to study English. 他经常帮助我学习英语。11. bored 和boring.bored 表示被动的含义，例如：I feel bored about it. 它使我感到乏味。boring 表示主动的含义，例如：It is very boring to study English. 学习英语很无聊。12. surprise 动词“使惊奇”，如：You surprise me! 你吓了我一跳!(1)surprise 还可以作为名词“惊奇，吃惊”；“可惊的事情, 意外的事情”。作为“令人吃惊的事情，意外的事情”是可数名词，如： What a surprise! 多么令人吃惊的事! Dont tell him about the present its a surprise. 不要告诉他礼物的事，这是件意想不到的礼物。(2)surprising 形容词“令人吃惊的”，表示主动的含义，如： They have heard the surprising news. 他们听到了那惊人的消息。(3)surprised 形容词“感到惊讶的”，表示被动的含义，如： I am surprised at you. 我对你的举动感到诧异。(4)to ones surprise 使某人非常惊奇的是，如： To my surprise，I found him sing well. 使我吃惊的是他歌唱得很好。二. 重点结构There be 结构变形：在there be结构中还可把be改变从而使得there be结构有了一些改变，具体总结如下：1. There used/seem/happen/appear to be，如： There might be snow at night. 晚上可能有雪。 There appeared to be nobody willing to help. 看来没人愿意帮忙。 There used to be a building here. 过去这儿有一座楼房。 There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有个人在此经过。 There doesnt seem to be much hope. 好像没有太大的希望。 2. 在there be的be前还可以加上各种情态词，如： There must be something wrong.一定有问题。 There ought not to be so many people.不应该有这么多的人。 There might still be hope.可能还有点希望。 3. 特殊的表达方式： (1)There is no sense in doing.做某事是没有用的，没有意义的 There is no sense in making him angry.跟他生气是没有用的。 There in no sense in going alone. 一个人去是没有好处的。 (2)There is no need to do.没有必要做某事 There is no need to worry. 没有必要担心。 There is no need to give him so much money. 根本没有必要给他那么多的钱。 (3)There is thought/said/reported to be人们认为有/据说有/据报道有 There is reported to be a better way to cure cancer. 据报道，找到了一种更好的治疗癌症的方法。 (4)There is no doing（口语）不可能. There is no telling when he will be back.无法知道他什么时候回来。 There is no knowing what he is doing.无法知道他在做什么。八年级下学期期中复习（二）一重点词汇1. different kinds of 意为“不同种类的”，“各种各样的”，等于all kinds of，kinds of 后面接可数或不可数名词均可。 kind有两个词性：1）kind作名词，意为“种类”。 如： There are many kinds of animals in the zoo. 动物园里有很多种动物。2）kind作形容词，意为“和善的，友好的”。 如： Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。2. advice 意为“劝告，意见，忠告”等，是不可数名词，前不加冠词。 可用“a piece of advice”，“pieces of advice”的结构来表示数量。 与advice搭配的动词短语有： ask sb. for advice向某人征求意见 follow/take sbs advice遵从某人的劝告 give sb. some advice 给某人提出建议 如： The doctor gave us some advice on how to improve our health. 医生对如何提高我们的身体素质提出了一些建议。3. 辨析leave和forget 这两个词都有“遗忘，忘记”的意思，但用法不同，注意区别。1）leave+sth.+sp. 指“把某物遗忘在某地” 如： I left my notebook in the classroom. 我把笔记本忘在教室里了。2）forget to do sth.指“忘记去做某事” forget doing sth. 指“忘记做过某事” 如： I forget to tell her about it. 我忘了把这件事告诉她。 I forgot telling her about it. 我忘记曾把这件事告诉过她。4. in hospital 该短语译为“住院”，hospital前面无冠词，表示抽象概念。 而短语“in the hospital”则译为“在医院里”，并非生病住院之意。 在英语中，介词和一些单数名词连用，可以表示抽象概念。 如 at school 上学 go to school上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 in/ out of jail坐牢/出狱5. take a day off 该短语译为“休一天假”。off表示缺席、不在、不工作或责任的免除，如： You mustnt take a day off just because you want to see a football match. 你不能只是为了想看一场足球赛而休息一天。 I think I will take the afternoon off， because I get sick. 我想我下午要休假，因为我实在是病了。6. be mad at.“对非常愤怒，恼火”，如： They were mad at missing the train. 没赶上火车，他们气得发疯。 mad还可以和其他的介词搭配构成一些短语。 如： be mad about“对狂热，着迷”； go mad “发疯，疯了”。7. bring.to. “把带到来”。其反义词组为“take.to.”，即“把带到去”，如：It is raining heavily outside. Take an umbrella with you.外面正在下雨，随身带把伞吧。Please bring the long ruler here，and take the short one away. 请拿把长尺子到这儿来，把这把短的带走。Mum，please bring the English book and the CDs to school. I need them for my English class. 妈妈，请把英语书和CD碟带到学校来。我上英语课时要用的。8. be supposed to为“认为必须；认为应该；认为必要”，如： Am I supposed to clean all the rooms? 我必须打扫所有的房间吗？ You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你最晚在星期五必须结清这笔账。9. remind remind及物动词，意为“提醒，使记起，使想起。” remind + doing sth.和remind sb. of sth.都可以表示“提醒某人做某事情” 如： Please remind him closing the window when he goes to school. 他去上学的时候，记得提醒他关窗户。10. make money赚钱，挣钱。make money=earn money赚钱如： He makes money by fishing. 他靠打鱼赚钱。11. hard与 hardlyhard 为副词，意思是“努力地，费力地，辛苦地”, 如：He works hard.他努力工作。hardly否定副词，意思为“几乎不”，表示否定含义, 如：He works hardly. 他几乎不工作。12. response 相当于answer，reply，但是比这两个词的用法要正式。常用于词组response to sb./sth.“回复某人或某事”，注意to在这里是介词，它后面要跟名词或代词。如： Ive had no response to his letter. 我还没有给他回信。13. be good at 和 do well in这两个词组都意为“擅长、善于”；be good at 侧重于惯常的行为，do well in 侧重于具体的事情，指做某事做得好，但是现在这两个词组用法的区别日益缩小，通常可以互换。be good at的比较级是be better at，反义词组是be weak in；do well in 的比较级是do better in，反义词组是do badly in。如：I am good at English composition. You must do well in this test.二. 重点结构1. It seems that是一个固定句型，“看来，似乎是，好像”的意思。相当于“主语+ seem+ to do”， 如果动词不定式为to be 形容词时，to be往往省略。 如： It seems that she is very sad. 她似乎很难过。 = She seems (to be) very sad. It seems that he likes his new job. 他看起来很喜欢他的新工作。 = He seems to like his new job. It seems that与人称代词连用，意为：“感到好像，觉得似乎”， 如： It seems to me that it will snow. 我看要下雪。2. Whats wrong (with sb./ sth.)? Whats wrong? 的意思是“怎么啦？”，用于询问发生了一件什么事情，也可以在whats wrong的后面接一介词短语，询问某人或某物出了什么问题。 如： Whats wrong? 怎么回事？ I dont know. 我不知道。 Whats wrong with your bike， Jake? 你的自行车怎么啦，Jake？ It is broken. 我的车坏了。 There is something wrong with his leg. 他的腿出了毛病。 类似的表达方法还有： Whats the matter (with sb./ sth.)? Whats the trouble (with sb./ sth.)? Whats up?3. It is + adj. / n. + for sb. to do sth.，做某事对某人来说，在这个句型中真正的主语是动词不定式，也就是to do sth.是真正的主语，而it只是形式主语，如果不强调对某人的影响，可以省略for sb.如： Its very good for you to read more English books. 多读些英语书对你来说是很有益处的。It is quiet surprising to hear the news. 听到这个消息确实很震惊。4. If +一般现在时句子，主语+一般将来时。 这是我们初中学习阶段中比较重要的结构，是if引导的条件状语从句。这里最关键的是要注意从句与主句的时态。 如： If he is ill，he wont go to school. 如果他生病了，就不会上学了。练习：一. 单项选择1. Theres_ with my bike，I hurt myself. A. wrong somethingB. something wrong C. anything wrongD. wrong anything 2. Im not sure whether Mrs Susan _. If she _，please call me.A. comes；comes B. will come；comes C. comes；will come D. will come；will come3. Its nice to go _ a walk _ a spring evening.A. for，on B. at，on C. to，on D. to，in4. Dont open your books _ your teacher tells you.A. until B. after C. whenD. then5. -English people like drinking tea with sugar and milk. -_.A. So do Chinese peopleB. So are we Chinese C. We like it，tooD. Oh，we dont6. We all helped him with his English so he didnt _ with his study. A. fall off B. fall down C. fall behind D. fall over 7. When class began，we stopped _ to the teacher carefully. A. listeningB. listenC. listensD. to listen二. 词语释义 从A、B、C、D中选出能替代句中划线部分的正确答案。1. Can you take care of his bike?A. look at B. look for C. look like D. look after2. Please ring up Anne this evening.A. telephone B. go and seeC. write to D. find3. They enjoyed themselves in the park yesterday.A. worked hard B. had a good time C. walked fastD. helped themselves4. Not everyone likes sandwiches.A. Someone doesnt likeB. No one likes C. All the people doesnt likeD. Nobody likes5. You neednt send for the doctor. Im very well now.A. dont have to B. mustntC. arent able to D. cant三. 句型转换，按要求完成句子。(每空一词)1. She did her homework last night.(改成一般疑问句) _ she _ her homework last night?2. That pen is yours.(改成反意疑问句) That pen is yours，_ _？3. They go to school at seven. (改成否定句) They _ _ to school at seven.4. She is going to swim this afternoon. (改成特殊疑问句) _ _ she going to do this afternoon?5. He is teaching himself Chinese. (改成复数句) They _ teaching _ Chinese. 四. 用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. What he (talk) about when the teacher came in?2. you (write) to your parents yet?3. Who (win) the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921?4. Last term，the children (take) a study trip to New York.5. you ever (have) any computer classes?6. “Be quiet. Dont (laugh) now,” said the teacher.7. Yangyang says he (become) an inventor when he grows up.8. He (get) his things together at four yesterday afternoon.9. The boy (plan) to spend his summer holidays in Tianjin.10. Mr Wang (do) some exercise on Sundays.五. 阅读理解Canada has long and cold winters. But people there are not afraid. Ice and snow are just part of their lives.In the coldest months，people across the country go to snow festivals. Canadians believe that there is a winter king living in an ice palace. To make the king happy，they make snow sculptures(雕像). Canadians are really good at it! Many young people take a snow bath(雪浴) to show that they are not afraid of the cold. They take off all their clothes，then play and dance in the snow!Other exciting games are skiing，skating，and snow rafting(雪上橡皮艇). For Canadian kids， making snowmen or rooms out of snow are the most fun things to do. To make a snow room，they make a big hill out of snow. Then they scoop out a small room. Inside，a lamp will keep the snow room warm.Sometimes，heavy snow makes travelling difficult. But Canadians dont worry. They have clever and strong Husky dogs. Usually six to eight dogs work together pulling one sled(雪撬). Dog-sledding is also a popular sport. To make travelling through snow faster，Canadians use snowmobiles. They move as fast as cars，but they are only for brave (勇敢的) people.1. Canadians are good at _ according to the passage.A. celebrating snow festivals B. taking snow baths C. playing and dancing in the snow D. making snow sculptures2. The underlined(划线的) word scoop means _.A. 修建 B. 建造 C. 挖 D. 维修3. Its interesting for Canadian children to _.A. play and dance in the snow B. make snowmen or rooms out of snowC. go skiing D. go dog-sledding4. You see that ice and snow sculptures in Canada are _.A. just so-so B. very small C. very magnificent(grand) D. made by a winter king5. The main idea of the passage is that _.A. ice and snow are closely linked(联系) to the lives of CanadiansB. Canadians like sports better than any other countryC. Canadians are brave peopleD. Canadians take part in all kinds of snow activities during the long cold winter 参考答案：一. 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D二. 15 D A B A A三. 1. Did，do 2. isnt. it 3. dont，go 4. What，is 5. are，themselves四. 1. was，talking2. Have，written3. won 4. took 5. Have，had6. laugh 7. will become 8. was getting 9. is planning 10. does五. 1-5 D C B C A 八年级期中考试模拟题一. 单项填空（共25分，每小题1分）根据句意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。1. Timmy goes to school _ every day. Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by planeC. on footD. by boat2. - Excuse me，_ is the nearest bookshop? - Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.A. how B. whatC. where D. who3. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will doD. what Tom did4. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a littleB. littleC. a few D. few5. - Dont you think you should paint the wall? - Who would _?A. see B. look C. watch D. notice6. My clock doesnt _.Can you mend it for me? A. use B. move C. walk D. work 7. Your room looks dirty. Will you please _ it clean? A. take B. make C. let D. tidy 8. They _ to see me yesterday evening. A. will come B. comes C. are coming D. came9. Which do you like _，tea，orange or water? A. good B. well C. best D. better 10. If it _ tomorrow，Ill go by car. A. rain B. will rain C. rains D. would rain 11. When _ you _ to Australia? Next Monday. A. did，fly B. will，fly C. are，fly D. do，fly12. Were moving to a different town _. A. the day before yesterday B. last Sunday C. the day after tomorrow D. a week ago13. Which team _ the next football match? A. wins B. won C. will win D. win14. Her mother told her _ in bed. A. notread B. nottoread C. dontread D. tonotread 15. Youdbetter _ the cinema by bus. A. dont go B. to go C. to go to D. go to 16. - Which of her parents is a doctor? - _ are. A. Any B. Either C. Both D. Neither 17. Are you _ your summer holiday next month? A. going to haveB. will have C. had D. have 18. When class began，we stopped _ to the teacher carefully. A. listening B. listen C. listens D. to listen 19. I_ to bed until my granny came back home.A. didnt go B. went C. had gone D. have gone 20. She dances better than Mary _.A. is B. has C. does D. dance21. Can you see_? A. what hes reading B. what