在下列情形下用现在完成时.doc

在下列情形下用现在完成时1、九词语already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 例：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾经 句中 例：Have you ever seen pandas?never从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 句中 例：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before.so far到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久 例：How long have you lived here?how many times多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing?2、两词组 havegone to去了某地 例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京) havebeen to去过某地 例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)3、两结构for two monthsfor +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.4、如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5、现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。6、在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种： He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. （改为固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）7、延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow8、终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）常见的相互转换形式如下Borrow/lend - keep, buy-have, arrive/come/go/move/reach/get to-be in/at/be here/thereBegin/start -be on open -be open, finish/end -be over, close -be closed, die-be deadLeave-be away, go out-be out ,go to school-be in school/be a student, get up , -be upFall asleep-be asleep ,lose-be lost ,become -be , return/come back/get back-be backJoin-be in /be a member, join the army-be in the army/be a solider, receive/get/a letter-Have a letter, catch/get a cold -have a cold 例1：I have come here for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away 例：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on 例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Thanks a lot. Its sunny again. It _(rain) for a long time.2._Mr. Li _(live) here since 8 years old?3.Since Mr. Li came here, he _(teach) in this school.4.Its the third time that I _(see) him this month./5.Is your mother at home? -No, she _(go) to work.6.Her mother _(become)a doctor in 1970. She _(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.7.He _(teach) English here since we _(see) him 5 years ago.8.How many times _you _(be) to Beijing?-Only once. I _(go) there two years ago.9.Ive lost my cat. _you ever _(see) it anywhere?10.My parents are not at home. They _(leave) for Shanghai.11.Wait here, please. The train _(not arrive) yet.12.Where is my dictionary? -Li Ping _(take) it away.13.I _(lose) my pen, and I _(look)for it now.14.I _(not see) such a strange thing before.15.He joined the Party in 1990. He _(be) a party member for 10 years.16.How long _Uncle Wang _(work) in this factory? -Since 1995.17.So far the children _(learn) 1,000 English words.18._you _(mend) your bike? -Yes. I mended it a moment ago.19.Ill tell him the news that our class _(win) already.20.She _(stay) here for over 5 years.21.The box is empty. Who _(eat) all the cakes?22.He has found his bike .When _he _(find) it?23.Her sister _ (go) to Shanghai. She _ (leave) this morning.24.My friend Wang Hai often _ (swim) in the river.25.The teacher _ (reach) Beijing two days ago.每处划线中有错误，在题后改正1.Jim has bought the book for just 3 days.2.Uncle Wang has died for 3 years.3.I have gone to Beijing three times.4.Jim isnt here. He has been to Beijing. He went there this morning.5.She has lived there since 8 years.6.Has he been a teacher for 1990?7.I lived here since 3 months ago.8.Have you finished the work yet? -Yes, I did.9.Jims brothers has made many kinds of kites.10.He has taked the books away.二、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?”“I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”三、用since和for填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 19995._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour ago9. _ we were children 10. _ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.四、短暂性动词转换为延续性动词1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for s