英语中考总复习：第二讲 名词.doc

英语全方位辅导 第2次课全方位教学辅导教案 教 学内 容1.中考单项选择题解题技巧与方法。2.中考考点二：名词的用法。重 点难 点 1.名词做定语时的四个单词：women, men, clothes, sports。教 学目 标1.掌握单项选择题解题技巧与方法。2.掌握名词基本用法。教学过程课前检查与交流作业完成情况：交流与沟通：针 对 性 授 课（一）中考单项选择题1.题型设计：英语语法、词组、短语、习惯用法、固定搭配、句型、日常生活知识、语感、问题及答语或交际用语等英语基本知识来设计的。 2. 答题思路： （1）从语法的角度去分析找答案；（2）从词汇、词组、短语方面去找答案；（3）从英语习惯用法、固定搭配、句型方面去找答案；（4）从上下（或前后）关联及日常生活知识方面去答案；（5）从交际用语方面去找答案。3.解题技巧与方法1. 直接法根据语感立即确定答案。有些单选题，简单易懂，仅仅考查语言点，考生往往凭已掌握的知识和语感能够直接选定正确答案。如：We often have sports after class，and I like to play _ basketball.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填本题考查冠词的用法，根据词组“ play basketball ”，中间无冠词，直接选答案 D .2. 关键词法许多题目都有一些关键词，它们对于快速而准确地判断出答案起着至关重要的作用。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口。如： Is Wei Fang good at singing? Yes , she is. We often hear her _ in the next room.A. to sing B. sings C. sing D. singing此题根据感官动词 hear 的用法，先排除 A 、 B 两个选项，再根据关键词 often ，说明经常听见她在隔壁房间里唱歌，即用 hear sb. do sth. ，故选 C .3. 排除法在对四个选项难以确定的情况下，考生可以采取逐个排除法，把没有被排除的答案定为正确答案。如： How long have you _ the book? For a week.A. borrowed B. kept C. lent D. boughtborrow，lend ，keep 都有“借”的意思，borrow 和 lend 为非延续性动词，不可接时间段，故 A 、 C 项排除； buy 是“买”的意思，也是非延续性动词，不合题意，D 项也排除，故正确答案为 B .4. 比较法有些单选题不能很快确定答案，必须对其时态、语态及同义词等方面进行比较，最后选出答案。如： Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday? If I dont go, _ .A. so does he B. so he will C. neither will he D. neither does he此题根据上文“ If I dont go ”的否定形式，确定引导词应该是 neither ，选排除 A 、 B 项，再根据主句用一般将来词，if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示，比较 C 、 D 两个选项，正确答案应为 C .5. 逻辑推理法有些题目的选项，从语法上判断答案不只一个，这时可以通过逻辑推理的方法得出正确答案。如：There are _ people in the street because it is very late.A. a few B. few C. a little D. littlea little 和 little 都不能修饰 people ，所以只剩下 A 、 B 项了。 a few 和 few 都可修饰 people ，此题的意思是：“因为时间晚了，所以街上几乎没有人。”若选 A ，不合逻辑，所以，只有 B 是正确的。6. 固定搭配判断法有的单选题应根据固定搭配和习惯用语选出正确答案。如：Swimming is good for our health，but _ the same time we mustnt forget the danger.A. in B. at C. on D. for答案为 B.at the same time “在同时”是固定词组。7. 综合法有的单选题涉及到数学、理化、地理、天文、生活习俗等方面的知识。解答此类单选题时宜采用综合法，注意语言知识的连贯性和各种知识的综合性。如：If H 2 burns （燃烧） in O 2 ，we can get _ .A. H 2 B. H 2 O C. O 2 D. H 2 O 2根据化学知识，氢气在氧气中燃烧，我们能得到水，故答案为 B(二)名词的用法一、名词的复数：1.名词变复数的规则形式1).一般情况下直接加s book-books cup-cups 2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es . city-cities family-families 3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es . bus-buses wish-wishes watch-wathes 4).以o结尾的多数加s 初中阶段只有四个单词加es . hero-heroes negro-negroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes Heroes and negroes like eating potatoes and tomatoes.5).以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es . leaf-leaves self-selves shelf-shelves life-lives thief-thieves 6）有一些名词则只有复数形式：（成对出现）trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤 glasses眼镜，compasses圆规，scales天平，pliers钳子，clips剪子2.少数名词的复数形式是不规则的。口诀：男人女人 a 变 e，鹅足牙 oo 变 ee；man - men; woman- women ; goose - geese; foot -feet; tooth -teeth 老鼠虱子也好记，ous 变 ic；mouse-mice; louse-lice 孩子加上 ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变child- children; fish; deer; sheep3.单数和复数形式相同。 deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep Chinese -Chinese Japanese-Japanese 4.某国人的复数。1). 中、日不变。Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese2). 英、法变。 Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen 3). 其余s加后面。 American -Americans German-Germans Australian-Australians 二、不可数名词：1.不可数名词：不可数名词主要分:物质名词和抽象名词。物质名词是指表示无法分为个体的实物的词,常见的物质名词,如:snow(雪),rain(雨), water(水),coffee(咖啡), tea(茶), meat (肉), milk(牛奶), rice(米饭), bread(面包), orange (桔汁) sand(沙子)等;抽象名词是指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的词,常见的抽象名词,如:work(工作), study(学习), love(爱), friendship (友谊) time(时间)等。中考常考不可数名词：1.water 水 2.paper 纸 3.exercise 锻炼 4.information 信息 5.news 新闻6.food食物 7.fruit水果 8.mutton羊肉 9.beef牛肉 10. snow雪11.chicken鸡肉 12.salad沙拉 13.houswork 家务 14.juice 果汁15.ice 冰冻食品16,tea茶 17.waste废物18.powder 粉19.rain 雨水20.wind 风21.hair 头发22.rice米饭 23.population人口 24.bread面包 25.milk 牛奶26.coke 可乐27.money 钱28.jam 果酱29.honey 蜂蜜30.chocolate 巧克力31.fish鱼肉 32.meat 肉33.space 空间 34. advice 建议35.ink 墨水36.salt 盐37.cake 蛋糕38.change 找零39.homework 家庭作业40.traffic 交通41.peace 和平42.anger 愤怒43.courage 勇气44.energy 能量45.fear 恐怖 46.fun 有趣 乐趣47.health 健康48.time 时间 49.sand 沙子50.weather天气 基本用法：1).不能直接用数字表数量 2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰 5).可用“量词短语”表示2.不可数名词的数量的表示方法： a / 数字+ 量词 + of + 不可数名词 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名词的所有格：1. s 所有格。1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“s.” This is _(Mary and Lily) bedroom .2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“s.” These are _(Tom and Jack ) school bags .3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“”,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“s” Teachers Day Childrens Day 4).表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加 s 代表全称。 at the doctors at the Bobs 5).由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。 This is _(somebody else ) pencil .6).表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加s 来构成所有格。 an hours ride two weeks time Chinas capital 2.of 所有格：1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。 the map of China the door of the room 2).双重所有格： of + 名词所有格 of + 名词性的物住代词 He is a friend of my _(brother ) . Is she a daughter of _(you)?注：a/one of +名词的复数 one of my friends 四、名词作句子成分：1.名词作主语1).表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Two hours _(be) enough for us to get there .2).量词短语“数字+量词+ of +”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。 A pair of shoes _(be) under the bed . Two pieces of paper _(be) on the desk .3).名词+介词（with、except 、along with .）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。 The teacher with the students _(be) planting trees on the hill .4).短语“neithernor、eitheror、not onlybut also ”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。 Neither he nor I _ (be) a Frenchman .2.名词作定语：1).名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。 There is a shoe factory near the school .2).名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式(sports, clothes)。The sports meeting will be held next week.There is a clothes store near here. 3).man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。 one man teacher two women teachers 4）数词+名词+形容词，数词+名词作定语 a 5-year-old boy, 200-meter-lon, nine-hundred-word dictionary课 堂检 测1【2011上海】The old man used to raise many _ to make a living on the farm.A. duck B.horse C.bird D. sheep2【2011上海】These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the _ immediately.A. amusement B. development C. environment D. government3【2011安徽】- I have great _ in learning math and Im so worried. Could you help me? - Sure. Id be glad to. A. trouble B. interest C. joy D. fun4【2011陕西】 John wants to be a , so he often helps sick people in the hospital. A. reporter B. doctor C. scientist D. cook5【2011重庆】Could you please get me some_? Im hungry.A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg6【2011江西】The doctor told me to eat more_ because its good for my health.A. orange B. vegetables C. ice cream d. fish7【2011河北省】Cici enjoys dancing. Its one of her .A. prize B. prizes C. hobby D. hobbies8【2011河南省】1 have some problems with my English writing. Can you give me some_? A. advice B. decisions C. information D. messages9【2011江苏苏州】There are millions of websites on the Internet and there _ a lot of useful _ on the websites. A. are; informations B. are; information C. is; information D. is; informations10【2011贵州安顺】 _ about the sports meeting make us excited. A. NewsB. InformationC. MessagesD. Advice11【2011贵州遵义】16. Wheres Jack? Hes left a _ saying that he will be back in a minute. A. message B. news C. information12【2011云南八市】“I want my leg! I want to run! I want to jump! a _ girl cried in the hospital in Libya(利比亚). A.5-year-old B. 5-years-olds C. 5 year old D. 5-year-old.13【2011四川资阳】Tom has just finished writing a _ article. A. nine-hundred-words B. nine-hundreds-word C. nine-hundred-word D. nine-hundreds-words14【2011连云港】How amazing the noodle is! Yes, it is _,and breaks the Guinness World Record as the longest handmade noodle. A.704meterlong B.704meterslong C.704 meter long D.704 meters long15【2011广西百色】Many people have got the habit of buying flowers for their mothers on _. A. Mothers Day B. the Mothers s Day C. the Mothers Day D. Mothers Day16【2011贵州贵阳】“Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest bus stop?” “Go down this road. Its about_ walk”A. five minutes B. five minutes C. five-minutes17【2011浙江舟山】 Would you please pass me something to drink? What about some _? A. beefB. fishC. juice D. bread18【2011贵州安顺】Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time? A. 50 yearsB. 50 years C. 50-years D. 50-years19【2011江苏无锡】The theme park is about _ ride from the museum. You should start out right now. A. two hour B. two hours C. two hours D. two hours20【2011广东清远】Im so hungry. Please give me _ to eatA. three bread B three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breads D three piece of bread21【2011四川德阳】 Can I help you, sir? - Id like to have 100 _. I want my students to draw pictures. A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. pieces of papers22【2011浙江杭州】 For breakfast, I usually have_ and two pieces of bread. A. a cup of milk halfB. half a cup of milk C. a half milk cup D. half23【2011黑龙江绥化市】Toms watch is the same as his_.A, brother B. brothers C. brothers24【2011黑龙江绥化市】She likes _best of all the vegetables,A. potatoes B. eggs C. oranges25【2011湖南湘潭】The_ of most trees will fall in autumn.A leaf B. leafs C .leaves26【2011四川达州】How many teachers are there in your school? them over two hundred. A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; is C. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are27【2011四川宜宾】 There are many _ playing on the playground. A. child B. children C. man teachers D. sheeps28【2011广东深圳】 Could you please tell me something about the two_ ? _. They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B. Frenchmans; Come on C. Germen; Not at all D. Germans; All right29【2011四川凉山】 Mom bought _ oranges for me, but Id like to drink some _. A. many; oranges B. much; orange C. many; orange30【2011湖南长沙】Look! There are some_ on the floor. A. child B. water C. boxes D. girl课 后作 业1.识记名词重点用法。2.完成下面的习题。1【2011四川泸州】- How far is your family from here?- Its about ten _ walk.A. minutes B. minute C. minutes D. minutes2【2011四川广元】Our hospital needs two doctors, Mrs Li. You can ask your son to have a try.A. women B. man C. men3【2011四川资阳】There are so many _ over there. Whats happening? Lets go to have a look. A. flower B. car C. child D. people4【2011广西崇左】Whats in the icebox? -A few _, but little _. A. apple, milk B.apple, milks C.apples, milks D.apples,milk5【2011湖南郴州】There isnt any _in the fridge. We need to go shopping.A. orangesB. milkC. eggs6【2011四川广安】 Are there any _ in the picture? Yes, there are. A. fish B. pork C. beef7【2011浙江丽水】The singer felt very sorry and decided he would never drive again after drinking. The traffic accident was really a _ to him. Agame B. pleasure C. skill D. lesson 8【2011江苏南京】Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter? With pleasure. Remember that the letter should be written in the formal _. A. value B. style C. effect D. mood9【2011湖南岳阳】Its from our school to my home. A. ten minutes walk B. ten minutes walk C. ten minutes walk10【2011山东德州】Today, we have many other _ to pay besides coins or paper money. A. excusesB. waysC. chancesD. plans11【2011江苏淮安】Would you like some _? Yes, please. Im thirsty. A. water B. bread C. pens D. clothes12【