湖南省株洲市高考英语阅读理解、短文改错训练（15）.doc

株洲市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错训练（15）及答案some spiders hunt on the ground, others build webs to trap their food, but the grass water spider catches its prey by running along the surface of the water.this special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams where mosquitoes, damsel flies and other insects come to feed and breed.although it is one of the largest spiders in new zealand, it has an unusual ability. it doesnt disturb the water as it waits for its meal, and there is barely a ripple(波纹) when it skims across the surface at lightning speed to catch its prey.grass water spiders deal swiftly with larger insects like damsel flies by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown.after a meal, the grass water spider spends up to half an hour grooming(修饰) itself. it wipes its eight eyes, brushes its antennae, and takes special care to clean the hairs on its body.it is the hairs that trap tiny bubbles of air so that the spider can run down a blade of grass and stay underwater for up to an hour when it is frightened. the hairs also keep the spider dry, even underwater.it is only when the female spider is caring for the young that she does not hunt on the water. after mating,she produces a large egg sac(囊),which she carriesaround for five weeks. once the eggs start to hatch, she attaches the sac to some blades of grass or a thistle. she then tears the sac open and releases the tinyspiders into the nursery web.(黄冈中学2009届高三期末)1. how does the grass water spider kill its prey?a. in a webb. by drowningc. by poisoning d. with its antennae2. the writer describes the special spider as “special” because _. a. it walks on waterb. it has eight eyesc. of its hairy appearanced. of the way it produces its young3. the passage tells us that the spider _.a. feeds grass and thistles to its young.b. lives on blades of grass under the waterc. lives in the grass on the banks of streamsd. eats a meal once every five weeks4. the purpose of the passage is to _.a. convince readers that spiders are dangerousb. indicate that the grass water spider is endangeredc. list all of the spiders that can be found in new zealandd. describe the characteristics of the grass water spider解析：本篇科普说明文介绍了一种水蜘蛛的生活情况。它重在考查学生根据上下文语境逻辑推理能力。1. b. 细节题。根据文章第4段描述by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown.可推知此题答案为b。2. a. 细节题。根据文章第1段后面的并列分句by running along the surface of the water.3. c. 细节题。根据文章第2段第1句this special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams.4. d. 主旨题。本文主要介绍了这种水蜘蛛的生活情况，由此可知作者的目的是要读者了解水蜘蛛的特征.*结束below is a page from the world almanac（年鉴）and book of facts 2008.6. which park has 365 miles of explored underground passages?a. arches, ut.b. cuyahoga valley, oh.c. acadia, me.d. mammoth cave, ky. 7. in which year was channel islands first authorized as a protection site for sea lions, sea birds and unique plants?a. 1929.b. 1938.c. 1978.d. 1980.8. the worlds tallest trees are found in _.a. redwood, cab. gates of the arctic, akc. canyonlands, utd. kings canyon, ca9. in 1917, the national park denali was named as _.a. black canyon of the gunnisonb. mount desert isl.c. mt. mckinley national parkd. rocky mountain参考答案6. d7. b8. a9. c *结束1.（2011山东卷）a arthur miller(1915-2005)is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. miller s father had moved to the usa from austria hungary,drawn like so many others by the“ great american dream”. however, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the great depression of the early l930s. millers s most famous play, death of a salesman , is a powerful attack on the american system ,with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. in willy loman , the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with his worth. willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment : if he cant do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the wagner company, and he must go. willy is painfully aware of this, and at loss as to what to do with his lack of success. he refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end. when it was first staged in 1949 ,the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews ,and it won the tony award for best play, the new york drama critics circle award, and the pulitzer prize for drama. it was the first play to win all three of these major awards. miller died of heart failure at his home in roxbury, connecticut ,on the evening of february 10,2005,the 56th anniversary of the first performance of death of a salesman on broadway.56. why did arthur miller s father move to the usa? a. he suffered from severe hunger in his home country. b. he was attracted by the great american dream. c. he hoped to make his son a dramatist. d. his family business failed. 57. the play death of a salesman a. exposes the cruelty of the american business world b. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company c. talks about the business career of arthur miller d. focuses on the skills in doing business58. what can we learn about willy loman? a. he treats his employer badly. b. he runs the wagner company. c. he is a victim of the american system. d. he is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.59. after it was first staged, death of a salesman a. achieved huge success b. won the first tony award c. was warmly welcomed by salesmen d. was severely attacked by dramatists60. what is the text mainly about? a. arthur miller and his family. b. the awards arthur miller won. c. the hardship arthur miller experienced. d. arthur miller and his best-known play.【解析】：56-60:bacad 【语篇解读】本文是讲述了阿瑟.密勒的生平经历及他的代表作death of a salesman的内容及评价。36. b。细节题。从第一段第二句话可知米勒的父亲已经从奥地利迁往美国，是和许多其他人一样受“伟大的美国梦”的驱使。37. a。细节推断题。从第二段第一句话可知米勒写推销员之死的目的是对美国制度的攻击，因为美国商业制度的侵犯性和坚持将金钱和社会地位作为价值的显示。a 指出了, 暴露了美国商业世界的残酷。下文也提到了，in the cruel world of business。38. c.推理判断题。从上文介绍情节中得知willy loman是戏剧中一个角色，而这个角色最终因为在这个制度中屡遭失败自杀身亡，因此推断他是美国制度的受害者。39. a.细节推断题。从第三段得知一上映便赢得许多奖项，因此获得巨大成功。40. d。主旨大意题。a没有提及，bc都是片面的。*结束passage 11its easy to go downhill than to climb uphill：so its 1_easier to fall into bad habits than into good one 2_bad habits dont come suddenlyit come little by 3_littleschoolboys first picks up a little in school and on 4_the streetswhen they cannot write their homework， they 5_copy from their schoolmateif they see bigger boys 6_smoking， they also want learn to smokewhen they 7_get bigger， the habits become stronger or 8_stronger， so that they can not longer get rid of 9_themwhat necessary it is that we get rid of the bad 10_habits in the beginning！【参考答案】key 111easy-easier 2(one)-ones 3it-they 4picks-pick 5right 6schoolmate-schoolmates 7to learn 8or-and 9.not-no 10what-how*结束*结束 ajeanne clamant, a french woman, became a record breaker on 17 october of 1995, when at the age of 120 years and 238 days, she became the longest-lived human being on record. a japanese man died in 1986 at the age of 120 years and 237 days. jeanne clamant lives in a small old peoples home in the south of france; her husband, her only child and her grandson have all died. she is nearly blind and deaf and is always in a wheelchair, but her doctor describes her as being more like a 90-year-old in good health than someone of 120. she still has a lively sense of humor. when asked on her 120th birthday what she expected of the future, she replied: a very short one. she also remarked that she thought the good lord had forgotten all about her. so what is the key to a long life? according to some doctors, diet, exercise and no smoking are the three important factors. jeanne clamant has followed two of the tips(窍门). she has always eaten a healthy diet, and she used to do exercises every day until she broke her leg at the age of 115. however, until recently she drank two glassed of strong red wine a day, and she does smoke (now only a little). besides, jeanne clamant might have got very good genes(基因) from her parents. her father lived to the age of 94 and her mother to 86. a local lawyer bought her house when she was 80 under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death. it must have seemed a good move at the time, but so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of the house. every year on her birthday jeanne clamant sends him a card saying: sorry, im still alive! 1. how does jeanne clamant feel about her old age? a. she is miserable and unhappy. b. she is cheerful and humorous. c. she would like to live much longer. d. she feels she is going to die very soon. 2. jeanne clamant owes her good health and long life to _. a. smoking only a little every dayb. her giving up smoking and drinkingc. drinking two glasses of strong red wine every dayd. the good genes from her parents, a healthy diet and some exercises3. which of the following could best replace the word “move” in the fourth paragraph? a. dealb. trickc. march d. sport 4. why does jeanne clamant say “sorry, im still alive” to the local lawyer every year on her birthday?a. because she had an agreement at 80 with the lawyer which was to her advantage. b. because she has asked the lawyer to pay her more rent than they first agreed. c. because the lawyer has paid her much more money than the value of the house.d. because the house she sold to the lawyer isnt worth the money he has already paid.出处 学英语报 体裁 夹叙夹议 话题 世界上最长寿的一位法国老太太 阅读策略 注意提到的观点 入选理由 此篇难度不大，话题贴近实际，引起学生兴趣1. b。细节题。根据文章内容及第2段第3句 she still has a lively sense of humor 可推知此题答案为 b。2. d。细节题。根据文章第 3 段第4句 she has always eaten a healthy diet 及倒数第 2 句 jeanne clamant might have got very good genes (基因) from her parents 可推知此题答案为 d。3. a。词义猜测题。根据此单词所在句子的前面部分 a local lawyer bought her house under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death 可推知此题答案为 a。4. c。推断题。文章倒数第 2 段第 1 句说 so far t