河北省邯郸市丛台区高考英语 阅读理解练习（8） (2).doc

河北省邯郸市丛台区2016高考英语 阅读理解练习（8）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。a mythit is true that world population is growing, but this is not the cause of our current and future global problems. believing this will cause us to ignore the real problem and risk long-term damage to our planet.let me start by explaining why overpopulation is a myth. for one thing, the un population division regularly predicts population growth but provides a low variant (变量), medium variant, and high variant to factor in various possibilities. in the 2010 revision, their high variant suggests that the world population will be almost 16 billion in 2100, but the low variant predicts it will peak at 8 billion and decrease to just over 6 billion by 2100. in most cases, it is the low variant that has come true in the past, suggesting the same will be true of their future population predictions. in addition to this, the size of families is actually decreasing. for another, if the earth is overpopulated, there needs to be insufficient (短缺) food, water, and space for humans to live. however, indian economist raj krishna estimates that india alone is able to increase crop produce to the point of providing the entire worlds food supply. the world food programme confirms that there is sufficient food grown to feed the world and there is the same amount of fresh water on the planet now as there was 10,000 years ago. so how is it possible that the number of people in the world is affecting our planet?therefore, it is not an increase in population but an increase in consumption that is a severe threat. materialism and overconsumption are facts of life for everybody in the western world, as possessions reflect a persons status in society and people strive to obtain happiness through owning the latest fashionable goods. not only that, but waste is a common occurrence which has a huge effect on our resources. it is a sad truth that 80% of the worlds resources are currently used by just 20% of the worlds population.our overconsumption must be addressed now to make our lives more sustainable (可持续的) and avoid continuing the terrible damage to the environment we are causing. the key is education. if we do not work towards this but instead focus on the wrong issue, we may find ourselves living on a planet that can no longer sustain human life.1. according to the author, what causes our current and future global problems? a. the increase in population. b. shortage of food and water. c. the fast growth of material needs. d. failure to protect the environment.2. the underlined word “myth” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.a. fact b. misconceptionc. possibilityd. uncertainty3. the author stresses that _. a. people should save food and water b. economists are making wrong predictions c. wrong judgment leads to serious consequences d. measures should be taken to reduce population4. what is mainly discussed in the passage? a. the real cause of global problems. b. the severe effect of overpopulation. c. reasonable use of natural resources. d. methods to reduce overconsumption.【参考答案】cb c.a阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。ive written 14 moviesmy characters smoke in many of them, and they look cool and glamorous（有魅力的） doing itsmoking was an integral（必需的） part of many of my screenplays because i was a heavy smokerit was part of a bad-boy image id cultivated for a long time smoking, drinking, partying, rock n rollsmoking, i once believed, was every persons rightthe second-hand smoke was non-existent problem invented by professional do-goodersi put all these views into my playsremembering all this, i find it hard to forgive myselfi have been an accomplice (帮凶) to the murders of untold numbers of human beingsi am admitting this only because i have made a deal with godspare me, i said, and i will try to stop others from committing the same crimes i dideighteen months ago i was diagnosed with throat cancer, the result of a lifetime of smokingi am alive but disabledmuch of my larynx (喉) is gonei have some difficulty speaking; others have some difficulty understanding mei havent smoked or drunk for 18 months now, though i still take it day by day and pray for helpi believe in prayer and exercisei have walked five miles a day for a year, without missing even one dayquitting smoking and drinking has taught me the hardest lesson ive ever learned about my own weakness; it has also given me the greatest affection and empathy(同感) for those still addictedi dont think smoking is every persons right anymorei think smoking should be as illegal as heroin（海洛因）im no longer such a bad boyi go to church on sundayim desperate to see my four boys grow upi want to do everything i can to undo the damage i have done with my own big-screen words and imagesscreen writers know, too, that some movie stars are more likely to play a part if they can smoke because they are so addicted to smoking that they have difficulty stopping even during the shooting of a scenemy hands are bloody; so are hollywoodsmy cancer has caused me to attempt to cleanse（彻底清洁） mei dont wish my fate upon anyone in hollywood, but i beg that hollywood should stop putting it upon millions of others1. the main idea of this passage probably is _a. the writer is ashamed of the bad effects his screenplays have had on human beingsb. the writers smoking experience nearly killed himselfc. the bad effects that hollywood screenplay have brought to childrend. the determination of the writer to overcome his illness答案解析：答案为a。本题为文章大意题。第一段作者引入话题，在他创作的电影中，很多人物吸烟，吸烟是他的作品中必需的，这些吸烟的场景影响了人们，后面的段落介绍作者因为吸烟而患上了喉癌，深受其苦，也表达了他深深的忏悔之意，最后一段表达作者的希望，希望好莱坞电影不再有吸烟的场景，让厄运降临到别人身上。故本文的大意为作者对他的荧幕剧对人们产生的坏影响感到惭愧。故答案为a。b、d是文中的细节，c选项在文中未提及，均不选。2. how do you think the writer has realized his mistake?a. so many people have found the habit of smoking due to his playsb. his plays have brought great harm to teenagersc. he himself suffered greatly from smokingd. his screenplays have been doing more and more harm to human beings答案解析：答案为c。本题为推理题。由第三段的首句提到的 “i find it hard to forgive myself”和该段最后一句提到的 “and i will try to stop others from committing the same crimes i did.”, 以及第四段首句 “eighteen months ago i was diagnosed with throat cancer, the result of a lifetime of smoking” 可知，作者难以原谅自己，将会努力阻止别人和他一样犯相同的罪，因为他诊断有吸烟导致的喉癌，故答案为c，作者自己深受吸烟之害。 a选项与题干无关；b选项未提及；d选项夸大了他的作品的危害，均不选。3. according to the passage, what does the underlined sentence mean?a. he has made up his mind to give up smoking foreverb. he will try his best to prevent others from writing screen plays encouraging smokingc. he will try his best to bring up his four childrend. he has decided to write his screenplays without smoking scenes答案解析：答案为d。本题为语义理解题。划线部分所在的句意为“我会尽我一切所能来消除我在荧幕上创作的文字和形象给人们带来的伤害”。这种伤害来自第一段提到的作者的作品中吸烟是必需的场景，由此可以推断，划线部分意为作者决定在自己的作品中不再有吸烟场景。故答案为d。4. it can be inferred from the passage that _a. the writer will soon be recovered from his illness thanks to his exerciseb. the writer will soon die because of his deadly diseasec. smoking will be got rid of in all hollywood films d. smoking in hollywood films is still doing great harm to human beings答案解析：答案为d。本题为推理题。由第四段第二句话 “i am alive but disabled” 可知，作者虽然活着但是残疾了，故a、b选项错误。由最后一段最后一句话 “i dont wish my fate upon anyone in hollywood, but i beg that hollywood should stop putting it upon millions of others” 可知，作者不希望自己的命运降临到好莱坞的任何人身上，但是乞求好莱坞应该阻止吸烟导致的危害降临到成千上万人的身上，可以推断，好莱坞电影上出现的吸烟场景仍然在对人们造成伤害，故c选项错误，d选项正确。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013江西，d)one might expect that the evergrowing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holidaymakers. indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the longterm future of the holiday industry. every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. and every month another rockbound pacific island is advertised as the last paradise (天堂) on earth. however, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. in those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of seaside holidays, overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. in recent years, nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. in fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holidaymakers traveling through the forest land. ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. the people as well rapidly feel its effects. farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. the onetime farmer is now the servant of some multinational organization; he is no longer his own master. once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. no doubt he wonders whether he wasnt happier in his village working his own land.thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. the protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. at the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.the way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. if not, in a few years time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。客观地说明旅游业造成的问题及其旅游业的发展方向。16what does the author indicate in the last sentence of paragraph 1?athe pacific island is a paradise.bthe pacific island is worth visiting.cthe advertisement is not convincing.dthe advertisement is not impressive.答案：c推理判断题。第一段描述旅游公司对景点“天堂”美丽的广告宣传，但是后文however一词的转折意味标明作者对此广告的不信任，故选c。17the example of nepal is used to suggest _.aits natural resources are untouchedbits forests are exploited for farmlandcit develops well in health and educationd.it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists答案：d细节理解题。第三段首先点明旅游业经验少的国家遭受损失最大这一观点。然后以尼泊尔这个国家例证。考生容易误选b，而文中提到的是，为了给旅游行走者提供路线，一些宝贵的树木被砍伐。18what can we learn about the farmers from paragraph 4?athey are happy to work their own lands.bthey have to please the tourists for a living.cthey have to struggle for their independence.dthey are proud of working in multinational organizations.答案：b细节理解题。根据第四段和farmer做定位。the onetime farmer is. 之后有一句话once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited.“曾经承受痛苦的是他的背脊，而现在是他被开发出来的微笑。”根据感情色彩首先排除a、d。文章只提及不再是主人，c选项追求独立是过分推断。因此选b。19which of the following determines the future of tourism?athe number of tourists.bthe improvement of services.cthe promotion of new products.dthe management of tourism.答案：d细节理解题。题中关键词为determines the future of tourism，是文中尾段首句decide its fate的同义改写。根据整句翻译，决定命运的是the way tourism is handled中的handled与选项中的management对应，因此选d。20the authors attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is _.aoptimisticbdoubtfulcobjectivednegative答案：c主旨大意题(作者态度)。通读全文可知，作者提出旅游业造成的问题，进而提到各旅游公司的觉醒，特别是尾段最后两句increased understanding in planning worldwide. if not.作者既表明了对旅游业现状的信心，又表明了对其未来的担忧。所以作者以客观的态度说事，不能单方面地选择乐观、怀疑或消极。【山东省烟台市2014高考英语3月模拟试题】写作(30分) 假如你是高三学生李华，今年高考英语学科阅读量加大，而你的阅读能力较差，因此学习压力越来越大。请根据以下提示写信向你的前外教mrjohnson求助： 1英语学习的困难以及增加阅读量给自己带来的困扰； 2希望得到他的指导和帮助。注意：1词数：l20l50，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。dear mrjohnson，yours，li hua【参考范文】写作（one possible version）dear mr. johnson,how are things going with you? im writing to ask for your help. as you know, im weak in english reading comprehension. although i have tried every means to improve it, like expanding my vocabulary and doing a large number of exercises, so far all my efforts have ended up in failure, which really makes me discouraged. to make things worse, this year reading will make up a higher percentage than ever before in the coming college entrance examination. now with the important exam drawing near, i feel more and more stressed and worried. if i didnt take effective measures, i wouldnt be able to get through the exam and that would ruin my college dream.ill appreciate it very much if you can give me some advice on how to improve my reading ability effectively and im looking forward to your early reply.best wishes. yours, li hua【陕西省西安市第一中学2014高考英语二模试题】书面表达 （满分30分）