英语- 代名词.doc

代名詞 2代名詞1.是代替的字。2.包括,和。人稱代名詞1.是有人稱區別的。2.包括第一人稱I,my,me,we,our,us;第二人稱:you,your;第三人稱he,his,him,she,her,it,its,they,their,them。3.有數的區別,如:I是單數,we是複數。4.有性的區別,如:he是陽性,she是陰性。5.有格的區別,如:I是主格,me是受格,my是。【參見人稱代名詞速查】所有代名詞1.代替的()和它所修飾的,如:mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs。2.後不可接,無論代替單數或複數,都用相同形態。【參見】 中文:你有你的麻煩,我有我的麻煩。 Youve got your trouble; Ive got mine. mine=my trouble Youve got your troubles; Ive got mine. mine=my troubles Ours are as clever as Mr. Browns and Mr. Greens students. 我們的(學生)和布朗先生及格林先生的學生一樣聰明。 Ours is a large country with a long history. 我們的國家是一個具有悠久歷史的大國。複合人稱代名詞1.又稱反身代名詞,由+self(單數),selves(複數)構成,表示自己;不定的是oneself。2.的主格和受格的形式是一致的。 中文:我自己做的。 主格I myself did it. 受格I did it by myself.3.的由的+own構成;不定的的是ones own。【參見】 I have a house of my own. 我有一所自己的房子。複合人稱代名詞用法1.主詞與指同一人時,必須用。 中文:他那天傷著他自己了。 (誤)He hurt him the other day. (正)He hurt himself the other day.2.用以加強主詞,或的語氣。 I myself corrected the mistake. 我自己改正的錯誤。 I saw the president himself. 我看見總統本人了。3.表示自己所有。 I dont even have my own car. 我甚至沒有我自己的汽車。4.慣用法,如:by oneself(獨自),for oneself(為.自己)等。 You should do your homework by yourself. 你應該獨立完成功課。 He built a house for himself. 他為他自己建了一所房子。不定代名詞1.是沒有確定的指某人或某物的,常用的有some,any,one,ones,no one,none,each,both,all,either,neither,other,another,many,few,much,little,most等。 I took a big apple and he took a small one. 我拿了一個大蘋果,他拿了一個小的。 one代替apple,但沒有明確的指是那一個。2.any,some,every與one,thing,body等詞可以構成複合的,這些詞的一般在後面。【參見】 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告訴你。指示代名詞1.是指明一定的人或事物的,如:this,that,these,those,such等。2.後不能加,如加,即為。 This is your book. 這是你的書。 This book is yours. 這書是你的。3.可用來代替前面的。【參見】 Mike came late again. This made the teacher very angry. 麥克又遲到了,這使老師非常生氣。 This用來代替Mike came late again.疑問代名詞1.是問何人,何物,何者的,如:who,whose,whom,which,what等。2.後不可加,如加,即為。【參見】 Whose is this pen? 這筆是誰的? Whose pen is this? 這是誰的鋼筆?關係代名詞1.是兼有和作用的,如:who,whose,whom,which,that,what等,可構成。【參見,】 He was the man who climbed the leaning tower of Pisa. 他是爬上比薩斜塔的那個人。 He was the man. 他是那個人。 He climbed the leaning tower of Pisa. 他爬上了比薩斜塔。複合關係代名詞1.是由+ever構成的,是不論的意思,如:whoever(不論誰),whichever(不論那一個),whomever(不論誰,受格),whatever(不論什麼)等。2.可以由no matter+代替。【參見】 中文:不論是誰幹的,他都將受到懲罰。 Whoever did this, he would be punished. No matter who did this, he would be punished.代名詞誤用辨析1.中文:倫敦的夏天比我家鄉的夏天更熱。 (誤)London is much hotter in summer than my hometown. (正)It is much hotter in London in summer than in my hometown. 用it代表氣候,天氣等。2.中文:他的書跟我的很不一樣。 (誤)His book is quite different from me. (正)His book is quite different from mine. mine=my book,應保持比較的雙方性質的一致。3.中文:我有件重要的事告訴你。 (誤)I have important something to tell you. (正)I have something important to tell you. 修飾something,nothing,anything等時,應放在其後。4.中文:每個學生都應該做他自己的功課。 (誤)Every student should do their own homework. (正)Every student should do his own homework. every student是單數,其後的代名詞也用單數。5.中文:我喜歡收到別人的來信,但不願意寫信。 (誤)I like to receive letters but do not like to write it. (正)I like to receive letters but do not like to write them. 的人稱與數應與它代替的相同。6.中文:孩子們和他都還沒有吃晚餐。 (誤)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten their supper. (正)Neither the children nor he has ever eaten his supper. neither.nor是對等相關連接詞,nor後面的主詞決定後面的述語動詞及代名詞的形式。7.中文:布朗太太向她的朋友瑪麗和我打招呼。(誤)Mrs. Brown said hello to her friends, Mary and I. (正)Mrs. Brown said hello to her friends, Mary and me. Mary and me是受詞friends的同位語,因此用受格形式。8.中文:我的兩個姊姊都不在這。 (誤)None of my two sisters is here. (正)Neither of my two sisters is here. neither用於兩者的否定;none用於三者以上的否定。9.中文:他認識我的兩個姊姊。 (誤)He knows my both sisters. (正)He knows both my sisters. both用在the,his,my等修飾語之前。10.中文:這本書的價格是多少? (誤)How much is the price of the book? (正)What is the price of the book? 對價格提問用what,沒有price一詞時用how much。11.中文:我有一本新字典還有幾本舊的。 (誤)I have a new dictionary and several old one. (正)I have a new dictionary and several old ones. 代替前面提到過的,複數要用ones。12.中文:安迪,保羅和我共唱一首歌。 (誤)I, Andy and Paul sang a song together. (正)Andy, Paul and I sang a song together. 有多個主詞或時,I或me在最後。13.中文:他們很了解我們中