江苏省溧水县高考英语最后冲刺 阅读理解巩固训练5(1).doc

2014江苏省溧水县高考英语阅读理解巩固训练社会生活类阅读理解few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. but in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubledto $1. 01 per packsmokers have jammed telephone“quit lines” across the country seeking to kick the habit.this is not a surprise to public health advocates. theyve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase. the only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. yet the rate of taxation varies widely. in manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of marlboro light kings cost $10. 06 at one drugstore wednesday. in charleston, s. c. , where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $4. 78. the influence is obvious.in new york, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys13. 8%, far below the national average. by comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in kentucky. other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records. hal rogers, representative from kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income americans“who choose to smoke.”thats true. but there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. as for todays adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better. 1. the text is mainly about.a. the price of cigarettesb. the rate of teen smokingc. the effect of tobacco tax increased. the differences in tobacco tax rate2. what does the author think is a surprise? a. teen smokers are price sensitive.b. some states still keep the tobacco tax low.c. tobacco taxes improve public health.d. tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.3. the underlined word“deter” in paragraph 3 most probably means.a. discourageb. removec. benefitd. free4. rogers attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of.a. toleranceb. unconcernc. doubtd. sympathy5. what can we learn from the last paragraph? a. the new tax will be beneficial in the long run.b. low-income americans are more likely to fall ill.c. future generations will be hooked on smoking.d. adults will depend more on their families.【参考答案】61.1-5 cbada 文化教育型阅读理解(一) (一)for thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any british village have been the church and the pub. traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town, where the people gather together to socialize and exchange news.as a result, british pubs are often old and well preserved. many of them have become historic sites. the most famous example is the pub in the city of nottingham called “the old trip to jerusalem”， which dates back to the year 1189 ad and is probably the oldest pub in england.however, british pubs are not just for kings and queens; they welcome people from all classes and parts of society. on a cold night, the pubs landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire. there is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.thats how things used to be. things are beginning to change. it is said that the credit crunch(信贷紧缩) is causing british pubs to go out of business. people do not have enough spare money to spend on beer. recently, the uk government banned smoking in all pubs, and that may also have affected the number of customers going to pubs.this decline is happening despite the fact that in 2005 the uk government started to allow pubs to stay open after 11 pm. previously, with 11 pm as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. the british habit of drinking a lot very quickly is known as “binge drinking”， and it causes longterm health problems for people and problems with violent crime for communities.in order to save their businesses, pubs are trying to change with the market. british pubs now offer something for everyone. a lot of pubs used to be “working mens clubs”， meaning that women could not usually enter. today, however, women can freely enter 99% of pubs without experiencing any problems. perhaps things are changing for the better after all.1the passage mainly tells us something about _athe past and present of british pubsbthe decline of british pubscthe long history of british pubsdthe importance of british pubs2which may not be the cause of the decline of british pubs?athe credit crunch.bthe present closing time.cthe ban of smoking.dhaving no spare money.3we can infer from the passage that _abritish people used to like drinking slowlybclosing the pubs early will reduce social problemsc“binge drinking” means drinking less beerdbritish government aims to discourage people from “binge drinking”4we can see from the last paragraph that the author _ais against the admission of too many women to the pubsbholds an optimistic attitude towards the british pubscthinks that women in the pubs will cause fewer social problemsdthinks that british pubs should offer everything you need(一)【要点综述】文章讲述了英国酒吧的发展过程及作者对将来酒吧的发展所持的乐观态度。1a主旨大意题。文章全篇讲的都是英国以前和现在的“pub”的情况。2b细节理解题。根据文章的介绍可知，英国酒吧的衰落由信贷紧缩、禁烟令、无钱消费等原因所致。故选b项。3d推理判断题。根据倒数第二段英国政府出台的这项政策可知，政府是反对狂饮酒的，因此用法律的手段来限制酗酒。故选d项。4b推理判断题。根据最后一句“可能事情会变得更好”可知，作者对于英国酒吧的发展态度应该是比较积极、乐观的。故选b项。科普常识类(2013浙江，b)below is a selection from a popular science book.if blood is red，why are veins(静脉) blue?actually，veins are not blue at all.they are more of a clear，yellowish colour.although blood looks red when its outside the body，when its sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，its more of a dark reddish purple colour.at the right depth，these bloodfilled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison.which works harder，your heart or your brain?that kind of depends on whether youre busy thinking or busy exercising.your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.but，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when youre sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.why do teeth fall out，and why dont they grow back in grownups?baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long；they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on.adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria.once this second set of teeth has grown in，youre done.when theyre gone，theyre gone.this is because nature figures youre set for life，and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.do old people shrink as they age?yes and no.many people do get shorter as they age.but，when they do，it isnt because theyre shrinking all over.they simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older.men lose an average of 34 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more.if you live to be 200 years old，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again？no，because old people dont really shrink！it is not that they are growing backwardstheir legs，arms and backbones getting shorter.when they do get shorter，its because the spine has shortened a little.or，more often，become more bent and curved.why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?because your brain gets confused between what youre seeing and what youre feeling.the brain senses that youre spinning using special gravityandmotionsensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable.but，when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks youre moving while youre not!where do feelings and emotions come from?mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system.all mammals have this brain areafrom mice to dogs，cats，and humans.so all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure.but since human feelings also involve other，newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.if exercise wears you out，how can it be good for you?because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them.and as far as your body is concerned，its “use it，or lose it”！its not that exercise makes you healthy；its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.1what is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?ablue. blight yellow.cred. ddark reddish purple.解析细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的“.its more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知答案。答案d2why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?abecause their spine is in active use.bbecause they are more easily affected by gravity.cbecause they keep growing backwards.dbecause their spine becomes more bent.解析细节理解题。根据第四个标题下的“they simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。答案d3which of the following statements about our brain is true?ain the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart.bwhen our brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy.cthe brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.dour feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.解析细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的第三句“but，in the long run，your brain.”可知答案为a项。此题最易误选b项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于 “你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。答案a4what is the main purpose of the selection?ato give advice on how to stay healthy.bto provide information about our body.cto challenge new findings in medical research.dto report the latest discoveries in medical science.解析写作意图题。考生易误选d项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。故选择b项较全面。答案b文化教育型阅读理解(一) (二)in this age of internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. yet, despite the competition, my 8yearold daughter rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. she wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year.as a writer i know about winning contests, and about losing them. i know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. i also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. what if she doesnt win the contest again? thats the strange thing about being a parent. so many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.a revelation (启示) came last week when i asked her, “dont you want to win again？” “no，” she replied. “i just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”i had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自发地) told them. telling myself that i was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, i offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. the story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. i had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. because i knew very little about farm animals who used tools or angels who went to first grade, i had to accept the fact that i was coopting my daughters experience.while stepping back is difficult for me, it is certainly a good first step that i will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. all the while i will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.1what did the author say about her own writing experience?ashe was constantly under pressure of writing more.bmost of her stories had been rejected by publishers.cher way to success was full of pains and frustrations.dshe did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer.2why did rebecca want to enter this years writing contest?ashe wanted to share her stories with readers.bshe had won a prize in