江苏省镇江市高考英语短文阅读类训练（2）.doc

镇江市2014高考英语短文阅读类训练（2）及答案或解析in a mouse that can speak acceptable? how about a dog with human hands or feet? scientists, the people that know how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.on november 10, britains academy of medical sciences launched a study on the use of animals with human materials in scientific research.the work is expected to take at least a year, but its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human disease.“do these constructs challenge our idea what it is to be human?” asked martain borow, a professor of medical genetics at cambridge university and chair of a 14member group looking into the disease.“it is important that we consider these questions now so that appropriate boundaries are recognized and research is able to fulfill its potential.”using human materials in animals is not new. scientists have already created monkeys that have a human form of the huntingdons gene so they can study how the disease develops; and mice with livers made with human cells are being used to study the effects of new drugs.”however, scientists say the technology of putting ever greater amounts of human genetic materials into animals is spreading quickly around the world, raising the possibility that some scientists in some places may want to go further than is morally acceptable.“there is a whole raft of new scientific techniques that will make it not only easier but also more important to be able to do these crossspecies experiments,” borow said.last year, there was a lively debate over new laws allowing the creation of human animal embryos foe experiments.on one side of the debate were religious groups, who claimed that such science interferes with nature. opposing them were scientists who pointed out that such experiments were vital to the research on cures for diseases.borow said he and his colleagues did not want to see such arguments again and are acting now so that they can influence such debate rather than have to react to it.the experts will publish reports after the end of the study in which they give definitions for animal embryos with human genes or cells, look at safety and animal welfare issues, and consider the right legal framework to work within.scientists are concerned about.how to place human genes in animals how far they should go with experiments on animals with human geneswhether such experiments will help cure human diseasewhether to make such experiments legalthe purpose of the study launched by britains academy of medical sciences is to.search for new ways to fight human diseasestudy the effects of new drugsreact positively to an ongoing moral debatedraw the proper boundaries for scientiststhe underlined word “them”in the ninth paragraph refers to .a. religious groups b. scientists c. crossspecies experiments d. humananimal embryos4. the text tells us about.a. the first time scientists have used human genetic material in animalsb. british laws to ban crossspecies gene mixingc. a debate on the morality of some gene experimentsd. the clear guidelines that now exist for adding human genes to animal embryos出处：2012满分计划高考英语一轮复习模拟试卷三b解析：1.选b. 逻辑推理题。根据文章第一段的scientists, the people that know how to make such things happen, are now thinking about whether such experiments are morally right or not.和第三段的内容综合判断，科学家们关心的是对植入人类基因的动物进行实验是否符合伦理道德，即这样的实验能够进行到什么程度，所以答案为b. 2. 选d. 细节判断题。从文中第三段的its leaders hope it will lead to guidelines for scientists in britain and around the world on how far they can go mixing human genes into animals in search of ways to fight human disease.可知，这个研究的目的在于让科学家认识这些实验能够进行到什么程度，为他们划定界限，所以选d. 3. 选a。 词义猜测提。 从第九段可知，辩论一方为religious groups，他们反对此类实验；而辩论的另一方为scientists，他们认为此类实验是必要的。由此可知，scientists反对的是religious groups。选c. 主旨大意题。本文至始至终介绍的是科学家将人类基因运用于动物进行实验后产生了一系列道德和伦理方面可行性的辩论，c具有高度的概括性和很强的针对性，为正确答案。*结束完形填空-典型例题 when i was in seventh grade, i was a candy striper(志愿护士长)at a local hospital in my town. most of the time i spent there was with mr. gillespiel he never had any 1 , and nobody seemed to care about his 2 i spent many days there holding his hand and talking to him, 3 anything that needed to be done. he became a close friend of mine, 4 he responded with only a (n) 5 squeeze of my hand. mr. gillespie was in a coma(昏迷). i left for a week to vacation with my parents, and when i came back, mr. gillespie was 6 . i didnt have the 7 to ask any of the nurses where he was, for fear they might 8 me he had died.several 9 later, when i was a junior in high school, i was at the gas station when i noticed a familiar face. when i 10 who it was,my eyes filled with tears. he was 11 ! i got up the nerve to ask him if his name was mr. gillespie, with a (n) 12 look on his face, he replied yes. i 13 how i knew him,and that i had spent many hours talking with him in the hospital. his eyes welled up with tears, and he gave me the warmest hug i had ever 14 . he began to tell me how, 15 he lay there comatose,he could hear me talking to him and could 16 me holding his hand the whole time. mr. gillespie 17 believed that it was my voice and 18 that had kept him alive.although i havent 19 him since, he fills my heart with 20 every day. i know that i made a difference between his life and his death. 1. a. visitors b. relatives c. patients d. friends答案：a 指导：根据never和nobody seemed to care about可知没有人去医院探望他。 b项表示“亲戚”，一个人不可能没有亲戚，所以此项不恰当； c项意为“病人”，mrgillespie本身就是病人，因此c项显然不正确；根据常识可知由于种种原因朋友不一定去看望病人，所以d项不恰当。2. a. interest b. requirement c. condition d. thought 答案：c 指导：mrgillespie病情严重，昏迷不醒，但好像没有人关心他的“状况”。 interest兴趣；爱好”，文中没有信息支持，所以a项错误；由于病人严重昏迷，不会有什么“要求”、“想法”，所以可将b、d两项排除。3. a. talking about b. looking for c. pointing out d. helping with 答案：d 指导：作者是护士助手，所以应该“帮助”做必要的事情。a、b、c三项分别表示“谈论”、“寻找”、“指出”，显然与作者的身份不符。4. a. so that b. even though c. soon after d. just as 答案：b 指导：even though即使”，根据后面mrgillespie was in a coma(昏迷)”可知此处表示让步。 a项表示“以便”，用在此处逻辑关系不合理；c项表示“此后不久”，如果选择此项，意味着他在同作者成为朋友之前很 正常，显然不正确；d项表示“正如”，前后意思不通顺。5. a. occasional b. tight c. satisfactory d. warm 答案：a 指导：根据下一句可推测病人在昏迷状态下“偶尔”握一下作者的手。 b项表示“紧紧的”，病情严重的人应该是软弱无力；c、d两项分别表示“令人满意的”“温暖的”，带有说话人强烈的感情色彩，但结合病情可将这两项排除。6. a. dead b. mad c. gone d.excited 答案：c 指导：作者度假回来后发现病人不在了。 dead死”，与下文两人重逢矛盾；mad疯的”，脱离实际；excited兴奋的”，下一句提到作者没有问病人在何处，可见二人根本没有见面。7. a. right b. chance c. nerve d. time 答案：c 指导：作者恐怕护士会说出病人已经死亡的消息，所以不敢打听。第四段“i got up the nerve to”也提供了暗示。right权力”，与作者身份不符；b、d两项分别表示“机会时间”，与所给语境不符。8. a. cheat b. tell c. remind d. warn 答案：b 指导：作者担心护士“告诉”自己病人已经死亡的消息。护士没有必要“欺骗”助手，所以a项错误；c项意为“提醒”，如果选择此项，意味着作者已经知道了病人死亡的消息，这与下文两人相见矛盾；wam警告”，与护士的身份不符。9. a. days b. weeks c. months d. years 答案：d 指导：根据第一段第一句“when l was in seventh grade”可知作者当时上七年级，再结合后面whenlwas a junjor in high schoo1”可推测是几年时间。10. a. realized b. wondered c. heard d. asked 答案：a 指导：作者看到了一张熟悉的面孔，才“意识到”他是谁。 b、d两项分别表示“想知道”、“问”，与后面myeyes filled withtears”矛盾；根据whenlnoticedafamiliarface可知作者看到了对方而不是听到了声音，所以c项错误。11. a. great b. alive c. successful d. lucky答案：b 指导：作者原以为再也见不到mrgillespie了，想不到他还“活着”。倒数第二段that had kept himalive也提供了暗示。great伟大的”，mrgillespie只是一位普通病人，文中没有提到他有任何与众不同之处；successful成功的”，文中没有信息支持；lucky幸运的”，与所给语境不符。12. a. happy b. uncertain c. nervous d. proud 答案：b 指导：mrgillespie刚一开始没有认出作者是谁，所以当一位陌生人说出自己的名字时，自然会满腹狐疑。happy幸福的”，不合常理；nervous紧张的”，作者当时只是一名稚气未脱的学生，因此他没有必要感到紧张；proud“自豪的”，根据常识可判断此项错误。13. a. apologized b. rememberedc. explained d. admitted 答案：c 指导：作者从对方的表情看出他没有认出自己，所以要“解释”原因。apologized道歉”，作者没有做错任何事情，不必道歉；remembered记得”，与所给语境不符；admitted承认”，言外之意是作者做了不应该做的事情，显然不正确。14. a. dreamed b. shown c. wanted d. received 答案：d 指导：作者“接受”了对方的拥抱。a、c两项表明作者渴望对方给予热情的拥抱，显然不恰当；shown展现”，是对方拥抱作者，而不是作者主动拥抱对方。15. a. because b. if c. unless d. as 答案：d 指导：当他昏迷不醒的时候。 前三项分别表示“因为”“如果”“除非”，逻辑关系不合理。16. a. notice b. feel c. imagine d. appreciate 答案：b 指导：mrgillespie在昏迷中“感觉到”有人在一直握着他的手。a、c、d三项分别表示“注意到想像”“感激”，结合他的病情可知这三项不正确。17. a. hardly b. immediately c. firmly d. wrongly 答案：c 指导：firml坚定地”，mrgillespie认为正是由于作者的帮助，他的病情才得以好转。hardly几乎不”，无法表达出病人对作者的感激之情；immediately立即”，不合情理；wrongly错误地”，有悖于病人的初衷。18. a. humour b. encouragementc. touth d. treatment 答案：c 指导：根据第二段第一句“i spent many days there holding his hand and talking to him”可知是作者的“抚摸”，因为my voice与talking to him对应，touch与holding hishand对应。 humour幽默”，作者当时在照顾一位昏迷不醒的病人，不可能给他说幽默的话；encouragement“鼓励”，文中没有信息支持；treatment治疗”，作者只是护士助手，没有给病人治疗。19. a. forgotten b. called c. missed d. seen 答案：d 指导：作者从那以后再也没有“见到”过他。forgotten忘记”，如果选择此项，意味着作者在加油站遇到他之前把他忘记了，显然错误；called打电话”，作者以前也没有给他打过电话；missed想念”，作者对他一直念念不忘。20. a. joy b. regret c. respect d. sympathy 答案：a 指导：作者没有想到自己的点滴恩惠竟然挽救了一个人的生命，自然会感到很“高兴”。后三项分别表示“遗憾”“尊敬”“同情”，逻辑关系不合理。*结束阅读理解-世界与环境1. 我们居住的地球的环境特点以及很多自然灾害的现象。2. 由于人类的破坏，地球变化带来的一些事件。3. 一些提倡保护我们居住的环境，提高环保意识的各种环保行为和活动。4. 介绍一些环保的产品，及其带来的好处。5. 保持环境的自然、进行有效再循环的话题。链接高考链接1. （2012山东卷）the pacific island nation of nauru used to be a beautiful place. now it is an ecological disaster area. naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.for thousands of years, polynesian people lived on the remote island of nauru, far from western civilization, the first european to arrive was john feam in 1798. he was the british captain of the hunter, a whaling ship, he called the island pleasant island.however, because it was very remote, nauru had little communication with europeans at first. then whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. these elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. a ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a british mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐) on the island. in fact, it found that the island of nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for fanning. the company began mining the phosphate.a phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. when a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil then u takes away the material it wants. strip-mining totally destroys die land. gradually, the lovely island of nauru started to look like the moon.in 1968, nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphateunfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. in addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. soon people realized dial they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out. ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. by 2000, nauru was almost