江苏省常州市西夏墅中学高中英语 Unit1 Building the future重点词汇讲解 牛津译林版选修10.doc

u1重点词汇讲解1.gravity n. 严重性；重力；地球引力newtons law of gravity牛顿万有引力定律i dont think you realize the gravity of the situation.我认为你没有意识到形势的严重性。2. headline n. （报纸的）大字标题headline news头条新闻the scandal was in the headlines for several days.这一丑闻连续几天都刊登在头版头条。hit/make the headlines成为重要新闻3. put (great) pressure on somebody (to do something) 促使；强迫；劝说；给某人施加压力做某事，迫使某人做某事industrial development has put (great) pressure on the environment. 工业发展已给环境带来了（巨大的）压力。their parents were putting pressure on them to get married. 他们的父母正对他们施加压力，要求他们结婚。拓展：under pressure from 在来自的压力下pressure sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事4.wrestle vi. 奋力对付；努力处理；全力解决；摔跤wrestle with sb.armed guards wrestled with the intruder.武装警卫和闯入者扭打起来。wrestle with sth.she had spent the whole weekend wrestling with the problem.她整个周末都在绞尽脑汁处理这个问题。5. beyond doubt 毫无疑问beyond doubt = without doubthe is without/beyond doubt the cleverest student ive ever taught.他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。she is without/beyond doubt a great musician.她无疑是一位伟大的音乐家。拓展：i dont doubt that 我不怀疑i doubt whether/if 我怀疑是否i have no doubt that 我不怀疑i have some doubt whether 我怀疑是否there is no doubt about 毫无疑问 that-clauseno doubt 无疑，很可能no doubt shell call us when she gets there.她到达那儿时必定会我们打电话。i have no doubt that i have made a good decision.我不怀疑我做出了一个好的决定。6. permanent adj. 永久的；永恒的；长久的a permanent/temporary job固定工作/临时工作they are now living together on a permanent basis.他们现在决定长期同住。opp. impermanent, temporary7.expense n. 费用；价钱；开销the garden was transformed at great expense.花园改建花了一大笔费用。running a car is a big expense.养一辆车开销很大。living/household/medical/legal expenses生活费用；家庭开支；医疗/律师费at sb.s expensewe were taken out for a meal at the companys expense.公司出钱请我们外出就餐。he built up the business at the expense of his health.他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。8. repay vt. 偿还；报答，回报；值得to repay a debt/loan偿还债务/贷款how can i ever repay you for your generosity?你对我这么慷慨，我怎么才能报答你呢？the report repays careful reading.这份报告值得仔细阅读。9.catch up on 补上；补做；了解（已发生的事情）i have a lot of work to catch up on.我有很多工作要补做。we spent the evening catching up on each others news.我们那一晚上都一直在彼此通报情况。10.weaken vt.& vi. （使）变弱，削弱the team has been weakened by injury.这个队因伤实力削弱。she felt her legs weaken.她觉得两腿无力。you must not agree to do it. dont weaken.你们一定不能同意做这件事。别心软。拓展：“-en” 为后缀，表示（1）“使；使成为；变得”，如：blacken 使变黑 sadden 使悲伤（2）“由制成的；像一样的”，如wooden 木制的 golden 金的11.moreover adv. 此外，而且syn. in addition, besides, as well asa talented artist, he was, moreover, a writer of some note.他是一位有才华的艺术家，而且还是一位颇有名气的作家。12.squeeze n. 拮据，紧缺；挤压 v. 挤压；威胁；给造成财务困难a credit squeeze/economic squeeze贷款紧缩/ 经济拮据shes just lost her job, so she is really feeling the squeeze.她失业了，所以她真正感到了经济困难。give the tube of toothpaste a squeeze挤牙膏a squeeze of lemon in your drink在你饮料中挤入柠檬汁squeeze the water out (of the cloth)把（布里的）水挤干squeeze through a crowd挤过人群there were already 40 people in the bus, but he managed to squeeze in.公车上已经有40个人了，但他还是挤了进去。can you squeeze past/by?你能挤过去吗？ive a busy morning but i could squeeze you in at 10.15.我忙了一早上，但还是能挤出时间在十点一刻见你。13. put (something) into practice 将付诸实施shes determined to put her new ideas into practice.她决心要把自己的新想法付诸实践。how will you put your plan into practice?你要如何把你的计划付诸实施？拓展：in practice 实际上，事实上practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。14. deposit n. （地下自然形成的）沉积物，沉积层vt. 使沉积；使沉淀，存储 mineral/gold/coal deposits矿床；金矿；煤藏weve put down a 5% deposit on the house.我们已支付了房款的5%作为订金。sand was deposited which hardened into sandstone.沙经沉积固结形成沙岩。millions were deposited in swiss bank accounts.巨额款项存入了瑞士的银行账户。guests may deposit their valuables in the hotel safe.旅客可将贵重物品寄存在旅馆的保险柜里。15. on top of 另外，此外；在顶部，在最上面；（危险或威胁）非常接近，逼近he gets commission on top of his salary.他除了薪水之外还拿佣金。put this record on top of the others.把这张唱片放在其他唱片上面。the truck was almost on top of us.那辆卡车几乎把我们撞倒。16. push for something 反复要求；施压争取push for sth./push sb. for sth.the group is pushing for a ban on gm foods.集团正强烈要求取缔转基因食品。im going to have to push you for an answer.我将不得不催促你的答复了。拓展：push forward 推行（计划）push back 推迟，延迟push on 继续前进（或进行活动）练习一、首字母填空完成句子。1. rice is grown in his area where it has a very heavy r_.2. to be fair, punishment varies according to the g_ of the offence.3. mary is facing the d_ of obeying her father or marrying the man she loves.4. we need to establish a legal f_ for the protection of the environment.5. its not a hotel, in the c_ sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel.6. we were unable to meet the r_ on the loan because my husband was laid off.7. asking questions often generates the spark of c_.8. they ran the story under the h_ “home at last!”9. we will never w_ our efforts in the face of difficulty.10. before my wedding, ive made a few minor a_ to the seating plan.二、根据中文填空完成句子。1. in general, old people in that country still firmly stick to their _ (传统的) ideas.2. we must have a _ (长期的) point of view and not seek quick success and instant benefits.3. she was _ (全力解决) with assignments in mathematics.4. according to questionnaires, we can find that _ (解决问题) ability of high school students can not be optimistic, so it is urgent to improve their ability.5. the government promised to offer financial help to meet the _ (花费) of an emergency.6. you will spend lots on clothes if follow the _ (时尚).7. the rain left a _ (沉积物) of mud on the windows.8. _ (可持续的) development is the common target of human beings.9. he reached some _ (尝试的) conclusions about the possible cause of the accident.10. the dates of the last two exams have been _ (调换).三、选词语填空完成句子。gravitypermanentsqueezerepaybeyondcatch up onweakenpush forat a crossroadson top of1. _ everything else, my cars been stolen.2. the explosion had _ the buildings foundations.3. how can i ever _ you for your generosity?4. he _ her hand and smiled at her.5. he was _ to choose his favorite university before his graduation.6. the chances of a full recovery will depend on the _ of her injuries.7. the exercise was _ the abilities of most of the class.8. he has no _ employment to support his family and his elder son has to quit school.9. tomorrow is the deadline, but i still have a lot of work to _.10. they are _ the electoral reform.四、用所给词语编写故事。permanentexpensesqueeze repaymoreoverpush forat a crossroads put into practice on top ofbeyond doubt 参考答案一、首字母填空完成句子1. rainfall 2. gravity3. dilemma4. framework5. conventional6. repayments 7. creativity8. headline 9. weaken10. adjustments二、根据中文填空完成句子1. conventional2. long-term3. wrestling4. problem-solving5. expenses6. fashion7. deposit 8. sustainable9. tentative10. switched三、选词语填空完成句子1. on top of2. weakened3. repay4. squeezed5. at a crossroads6. gravity7. beyond 8. permanent9.catch up on10. pushing for四、用所给词语编写故事there is a family which has only two members in a small village, a boy who is 18 years old and his mother. his father died of cancer when the boy was less than ten and thus the familys whole income depends on the boys mother. unfortunately, his mother doesnt have a permanent job and every month their family only has small living expenses. moreover, they repay relatives debts every month. to give her son good education, the boys mother works very hard in order to earn money