江苏省扬州市高考英语 阅读理解精品训练（19）.doc

扬州市2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（19）及答案解析c8 科普知识类 （一）2012长沙市雅礼中学第四次月考 a funny thing happened on the way to the communications revolution: we stopped talking to one another.i was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation.there we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day andi became invisible, absent from the conversation.the telephone used to connect you to the absent.now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent.why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected i feel? every advance in communications technology is a tragedy to the closeness of human interaction.with email and instant messaging over the internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another.with voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone.if my mom has a question, i just leave the answer on her machine.as almost every contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated, the alienation(疏远) index goes up. you cant even call a person to get the phone number of another person anymore.directory assistance is almost always fully automated.i am not against modern technology.i own a cell phone, an atm card, a voicemail system, and an email account.giving them up isnt wise, theyre a great help to us.its some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy.more and more, i find myself hiding behind email to do a job meant for conversation, or being relieved that voice mail picked up because i didn t really have time to talk.the industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier, or at least facilitating my antisocial instincts.so ive put myself on technology restriction: no instant messaging with people who live near me, no cellphoning in the presence of friends, no letting the voice mail pick up when im at home.16which of the following would be the best title of the passage? a.the advance of communications technologyb.the consequences of modern technology c.the story of the communications revolutiond.the automation of modern communications 17the sentence “now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent” means that _. athe people sitting beside you have to go away to receive phone call byou can hardly get in touch with the people sitting beside you cmodern technology makes it hard for people to have a facetoface talk dpeople can now go to work without going to the office18the writer feels that the use of modern communications is _. asatisfyingbencouraging cdisappointing dembarrassing19the passage implies that _. amodern technology is bridging people bmodern technology is separating people cmodern technology is developing too fast dmodern technology is interrupting our communication20what does the underlined word “facilitating” mean?a加深 b限制c帮助 d装备【要点综述】 本文主要论述现代技术的消极影响现代技术的使用在疏远人与人之间的距离。 16. b主旨大意题。本文主要论述了现代技的影响。17. c句意理解题。第一段作者提出：通讯革命使我们不再面对面地交谈；第二段作者举自己生活的一例来予以说明； 第三段作者感慨“now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent”，即其意应为：现在技术使人们很难有面对面的交谈。故选c项。18. d推理判断题。根据第五段可知，作者并不反对现代技术，也认为它极有帮助，只是某一些结果让他感到不安，比如第二段中他所举的生活例子。由此判断他会认为使用现代技术有时令人感到尴尬，故选d项。19. b推理判断题。根据第四段可推断现代技术正在疏远人们之间的关系，故选b项。20. a词义猜测题。画线词所在的这一段主要在讲述现代技术对他的消极影响，因此他才决定限制自己对现代技术的使用。由此判断画线词应意为“加深”，即：加重他的不爱交际的天性。故选a项。 (2011东城练习二，b)this is an open letter to the three people who stole my handbag from the department store where i am employed as a shop assistant.when you took my bag，i dont know what you thought you were going to get. with my wages，theres not much left on a tuesday. i hope the 5 was useful to you. i have informed the social security office so you wont be able to cash the child benefit next week. i hope that wont leave you too short，but if you really need a couple of pounds，i suppose you could always cash one of the two checks left in my check book. of course, i phoned the bank right away and the checkcashing card is no longer valid, so it wont be much use to you.actually i dont mind about the money too much. we single parents who work to support our families understand only too well what it means to be short of cash. however, i dont suppose it went very far among the three of you. sorry about that!i wish you had left the bag behind and just taken the wallet and check book. there were all kinds of papers in it，and notes and things that i really need. i really think that was very inconsiderate of you. i mean，how would you like something like that to happen to you?well，perhaps the bag will turn up. it wasnt even an expensive one，just a plain, old brown leather shoulder bag. you probably dumped it in the nearest rubbish bin or threw it into the bushes. weve looked around, of course, but no one saw which way you went after you left the shop.im not really angry with you. i know how the pressures of modern living can affect us, but i am sad at the loss of my personal things. i feel violated and helpless. the police were very icy，and they just shrugged (耸) their shoulders. “it happens all the time，” they told me. some small comfort, i suppose. but ive lost just a little more faith in human nature. and as my young son said when i told him what had happened, “why? mummy, why us？” i couldnt answer that question. i wonder if you can.这是一位手提包被盗的单亲母亲写给小偷的公开信，既表达了对这种偷盗行为的不理解，又委婉地进行了谴责。5in writing paragraph 2，the writer wants to _.a. describe the contents of the bag in detailb. give some suggestions to the three thievesc. tell the thieves hardly any money was availabled. state the fact that she was careless with the money答案：c。推理判断题。第2段解释了自己已向银行等相关机构挂失，不难看出小偷可用的钱很少，由此可知答案。6which of the following is the most valuable to the writer?a. the cash in her bag.b. the papers and notes in the bag.c. the handbag itself. d. the check books in the bag.答案：b。事实细节题。由第4段第2句可知，包里有不同种类的文件、笔记和失主真正需要的东西。由最后一段第2句personal things可知对作者最有价值的东西是文件和笔记。7what can we conclude about the police?a. they have doubts about human nature.b. they show sympathy for the woman.c. they think the case quite common.d. they are unable to find the thieves.答案：c。 推理判断题。由尾段第4句可知，警察认为这种事情一直都在发生，故推知选c。 8why does the author write the letter?a. to give the thieves a serious warning.b. to complain about the fall of morality.c. to call peoples attention to their belongings.d. to express her affection for her valuable bag.答案：b。主旨大意题。由文章内容可知，失主叙述了自己丢包的无助以及对这种偷窃行为的抱怨和谴责，由此可知答案为b(抱怨社会道德的沦丧)。c82013山东卷 cyou cant always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. but designer mikhail belyaev doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. thats why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rainsensing umbrella.the designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in russia. “once, i was driving on a central saint petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. i thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp，” he said.the lampbrella is a standardlooking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. it has a builtin electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. in addition to the rain sensor, theres also a 360 motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the lampbrella.after three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.according to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. being installed(安装) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.while there are no plans to take the lampbrella into production, belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one moscow department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.66. for what purpose did belyaev create the lampbrella?a. to predict a heavy rain. b. to check the weather forecast.c. to protect people from the rain. d. to remind people to take an umbrella.67what do we know from belyaevs words in paragraph 2?a. his creation was inspired by an experience.b. it rains a lot in the city of saint petersburg.c. street lamps are protected by canopies.d. he enjoyed taking walks in the rain.68which of the following shows how the lampbrella works?a. motorcanopysensors b. sensorsmotorcanopyc. motorsensorscanopy d. canopymotorsensors69what does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella?a. its moving speed. b. its appearance.c. its installation. d. its safety.70what can be inferred from the last paragraph?a. the designer will open a company to promote his product.b. the lampbrella could be put into immediate production.c. the designer is confident that his creation is practical.d. the lampbrella would be put on show in moscow.【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍设计师mikhail belyaev设计的lampbrella，它能给街道上的人们遮雨。虽然这一设计还没有实施，但是mikhail belyaev却对自己的设计很自信。66c考查细节理解。从第一段的“but designer mikhail belyaev doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. thats why he created lampbrella”可知mikhail belyaev设计lampbrella是为了给街道上的人们遮雨的。67a考查推理判断。从mikhail belyaev 说的话“i was drivingand saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. i thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.”可知，他的创意灵感来自他的一次生活体验。故选a。68b考查细节理解。从第三段的内容可找到答案，lampbrella工作的过程是先通过传感器(sensors)，传到发动机(motor)，再到伞篷(canopy)打开。故选b。69d考查主旨大意。从本段的“so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians”和“being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可知该段是讲lampbrella的安全性。70c考查推理判断。从本段mikhail belyaev说的话看出他对自己的设计很自信。故选c。c82013四川卷 efear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.sarah garfinkel at the brighton and sussex medical school said：“our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”the study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.dr garfinkel said，“the study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”to further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear.“we have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain speak to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，” dr garfinkel said.“we hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”47what is the finding of the study?a. ones heart affects how he feels fear.b. fear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat.c. fear has something to do with ones health.d. ones fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.48the study was carried out by analyzing _. a. volunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesb. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditionsc. volunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansd. different pictures