高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 阅读理解篇 专题1 阅读理解 第2讲 推理判断类课件.ppt

专题一阅读理解 阅读理解篇 第二讲推理判断类 第一部分 推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题 要求考生在理解表面文字信息的基础上 尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实 在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意 做出正确的推理和判断 从而理解文章的隐含意义和深层意义 推理的原则是据文推理 合情推理 不可妄加推理 过度推理 题型特点 一 推理判断题题干常用词一般来说 推理判断题题干中主要包括下面的词语 knowabout learnfrom infer imply suggest conclude purpose attitude probably mostlikely等 二 推理判断题正确选项的特征1 立足原文 只推一步 即根据原文内容 一步即可推得 2 选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念 如only never all absolutely等 正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊 会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇 如often usually sometimes some may might can could possibly probably等 解题流程 要做好推理判断题 需要充分阅读理解文章 分析语篇特征 寻找解题依据 考生应该在领会全文的基础上做出正确的推理和判断 第一步依据题干和选项及 顺序原则 确定信息源推理判断题应该首先按照题干要求的范围进行解题 如果题目中没有提到具体的段落 那么通过 顺序原则 找到区域范围 如果这种情况下还是不能找到信息源 就必须考虑按照题干和四个选项的信息词从全文各个角落寻找答案 第二步比对原文和选项进行推理甄选要注意推理的基础是原文内容 而不是自己的经验和主观判断 不可凭借自己的主观意愿臆断 有的题目的推理即为原文具体层面的 同义归纳 所涉及的逻辑关系都是最简单的逻辑判断 一步即可推得 考生千万不能人为地把问题复杂化 推理很多步 反而得出错误的答案 推理须知1 直接陈述文章内容的选项不能选 要选择根据文章推理出来的选项 2 推理不是凭空猜测 而是立足已知推断未知 因此正确选项一定能在文中找到依据或理由 3 不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法 因此脱离原文的主观臆断都是错误的 分类例析 1 隐含推断题 逻辑关联 得结论 2016 全国 d片段 badnewssells ifitbleeds itleads nonewsisgoodnews andgoodnewsisnonews thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored 监控 indifferentways researchersarediscoveringnewrules bytrackingpeople se mailsandonlineposts scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories the ifitbleeds ruleworksformassmedia saysjonahberger ascholarattheuniversityofpennsylvania theywantyoureyeballsanddon tcarehowyou refeeling butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends youcarealotmorehowtheyreact youdon twantthemtothinkofyouasadebbiedowner q whatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikedebbiedowner a they resociallyinactive b they regoodattellingstories c they reinconsiderateofothers d they recarefulwiththeirwords 解题思路 第一步速读文章 找出相关信息句 并标出进行推理判断的关键词 第二步根据该题选项的特点将找到的信息改编成选项c尝试解答 theywantyoureyeballsanddon tcarehowyou refeeling butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends youcarealotmorehowtheyreact youdon twantthemtothinkofyouasadebbiedowner inconsiderateofothers thoughtlessofothers 2 文章出处题 专用词汇 做判断 2014 安徽 a personalrobotmakeyourparentsandteachershappy areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime doyouavoidtidyingyourroomuntilyourmomshoutsatyou youdon tneedtoworryifyoubuyamr helpinghandpersonalrobot mr hcanbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework yourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaround puttingawaybooksandobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbed mr halsohasthesefeatures 特点 weighsonly500gramsincludeslong lastingbatteriescomeswitha5 yearguaranteerememberssimpleinstructionsoriginally 最初 soldfor 499nowonly 299 watchcontrolthisisawatchthatjamesbondwouldbeproudtowear thisisnotawatchforordinarypeople yourelectronicpengowatchcontrolactsasaremotecontrolfortvsandvideos givesyouadailyweatherforecast setsoffasilentwarningalarmwhenparentsorteachersarenear besides yourpengowatchcontrolwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately originallysoldfor 199nowonly 99forfurtherinformation clickhere q wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts a onanoticeboard b inacompanybrochure c onateenagewebsite d inacollegenewspaper 解题思路 第一步速读文章 结合文章语言特色找出最能体现文章出处的专用词汇 第二步结合选项 试进行合理推断尝试解答 buynow forfurtherinformation clickhere c 3 观点态度类 言为心声 求褒贬 2016 四川 c片段 thelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffectsofafrenchmanfrompariscalledgin ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea whichsitsontheedgeoftheamazonrainforest withhalfitspopulationofonly250 000livinginitscapital cayenne ihaveaspecialloveforthefrenchguianesepeople ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears saysgin i vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem thusihavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment idon tseeitasalawlessland butratheriseeitasanareaoffreedom q whatisgin sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousguianese a cautious b doubtful c uninterested d appreciative 解题思路 第一步速读文章 找出相关信息句 并标出关键词 第二步结合文章主题 进行合理推断尝试解答 ihaveaspecialloveforthefrenchguianesepeople idon tseeitasalawlessland butratheriseeitasanareaoffreedom d 2017 全国 c片段 terrafugiainc saidmondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear thevehicle namedthetransition hastwoseats fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar thetransition whichflewat1 400feetforeightminuteslastmonth canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair itfliesusinga23 gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair ontheground itgets35milespergallon around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna 10 000deposittogetatransitionwhentheygoonsale andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterterrafugiaintroducesthetransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekatthenewyorkautoshow butdon texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways it sexpectedtocost 279 000 anditwon thelpifyou restuckintraffic thecarneedsarunway inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s accordingtorobertmann anairlineindustryexpert butmannthinksterrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly thetransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards q whatisthegovernment sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcarea cautious b favorable c ambiguous d disapproving 解题思路 第一步速读文章 找出相关信息句 并标出关键词thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly 第二步结合文章主题 进行合理推断尝试解答 b 4 写作意图类 体裁主旨 寻意图 2017 全国 a片段 supportpacificsciencecentersince1962 pacificsciencecenterhasbeeninspiringapassion 热情 fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience mathandtechnology today pacificsciencecenterservesmorethan1 3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverwashingtonstate it sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals corporations andothersocialorganizations visitpacificsciencecenter orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportpacificsciencecenter q whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext a toencouragedonations b toadvertisecomingevents c tointroducespecialexhibits d totellaboutthecenter shistory 解题思路 第一步速读文章 找出相关信息句 标出关键词 第二步与选项进行对比得出答案尝试解答 wecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals corporations andothersocialorganizations visitpacificsciencecenter orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportpacificsciencecenter a 干扰项分析 该部分的写作目的是鼓励人们以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心 也就是鼓励人们捐款 故选a项 b c两项无中生有 该部分没有提到 宣传即将举行的活动 和 介绍特殊的展览 d项曲解文意 该部分提到了自1962年以来太平洋科学中心做的事情 但这不是为了讲述该中心的历史 而是为下文鼓励人们捐款作铺垫 5 篇章结构类 写作思路 辨结构 2015 湖北 e片段 onthewhole brooks sstoryisacceptableifuninspired asonewouldexpect hiswritingismostlyclearand tobefair somechaptersstandoutabovetherest ienjoye