英语听力.doc

One night in 1933, Herb Jeffries was singing in a little nightclub in Detroit, Michigan when jazz icon Louis Armstrong walked through the door. In this interview by amateur jazz historian Tad Calcara, Jeffries says Armstrong heard him sing, pulled him aside, and changed his life.Actor Herb Jeffries, who appeared as a singing cowboy in films, arrives at the opening night gala of the 2011 TCM Classic Film Festival featuring a screening of a restoration of An American In Paris in Hollywood, California, April 28, 2011.“He said, Well theres a band in Chicago - thats where you should be now. And he said Im gonna write you a letter,” Jeffries said.Then Armstrong pulled a cocktail napkin off the table.“He just wrote down on there, said, You want to hear this guys voice. Youll love him. I do. And he put down Pops,” Jeffries said.Armed with only this special “calling card,” Jeffries took the great mans advice and headed for Chicago where he joined the band led by Erskine Tate.Soon he was heard and hired by legendary band leader Earl “Fatha” Hines. Singing with Earl Hines, Jeffries traveled to California, where he would land a role and also sing the opening song in the Hollywood western, “Two Gunmen from Harlem.”With his long frame, rakish mustache and exotic good looks, Jeffries capitalized on two unique styles of film that Hollywood was cranking out at that time: “Race Films” - movies by and for African-Americans - and “singing cowboy” pictures.On a promotional tour for a film called “The Bronze Buckaroo,” Jeffries found himself in the same theater as Duke Ellington. He was planning to head back to Hollywood that night, but The Duke had other ideas. For the next two years, Jeffries was lead singer in the Ellington band. He toured the world and starred in “Jump for Joy,” the musical Ellington wrote and staged in Los Angeles.“Jump For Joy” never made it to Broadway, as Ellington had hoped, but it helped cement Herb Jeffries as a bona fide star. And 72 years later, Jeffries can still belt out that title song with as much verve as ever.(一) Treated Bed Nets Critical to Stopping lymphatic Filariasis经过药物处理的蚊帐是消除淋巴丝虫病的关键Scientists are working on ways to stop a disease that threatens one-fifth of the worlds population. Over 120 million people are infected with lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis. The disease is found mainly in Southeast Asia and Africa. It effects the lymphatic system which is a major part of the bodys natural defense for fighting disease.科学家们正在研究如何消除威胁世界1/5人口的一种疾病。超过1.2亿人感染了淋巴丝虫病，它也被称为象皮病。这种病主要分布在东南亚和非洲，它能影响淋巴系统，这是人体对抗疾病的天然防线的一个重要组成部分。Elephantiasis can cause swelling or enlargement of skin and tissue. The cause is a tiny worm that enters and lives in lymphatic tubes for six to eight years.象皮病能够引起皮肤或组织肿胀。其病因是一种微小的蠕虫进入到淋巴管并存活6到8年。Scientists say they have been able to demonstrate that the most common cause of elephantiasis can be stopped. They are urging those at risk to sleep under nets treated with chemicals that kill a common insect - the mosquitoes.科学家们表示，他们已经能够证明象皮病最常见的病因能够被消除。他们正督促处于感染危险中的人们睡在经过杀灭蚊虫的化学物质处理过的蚊帐里。Lisa Reimer teaches at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. She formerly served in Papua New Guinea, as part of the team studying the disease. The team involved researchers from Papua New Guinea, Britain, Australia and the United States. 莉萨雷默在利物浦热带医学院任教。她曾作为研究该病的团队的成员任职于巴布亚新几内亚。该团队包含了来自巴布亚新几内亚、英国、澳大利亚和美国的研究人员。Doctor Reimer says she was surprised at how effective anti-malaria bed nets covered with insecticide could be at fighting the disease.雷默博士说，她对杀虫剂处理过的防疟疾蚊帐能够有效对抗该疾病表示非常惊讶。Filariasis is only picked up by mosquitoes late in the evening, so this is the time when people are more likely to be protected by their bed nets. So we found that bed net use actually is a greater barrier against filariasis transmission whereas malaria transmission may still be occurring outside the times when the user is under the net.她说，“丝虫病只会由深夜的蚊子携带，这是一个人们很可能受到了蚊帐保护的时间。所以我们发现，使用蚊帐实际上是防止丝虫病传播的一个重大屏障，然而疟疾传播还是可能会在人们未在蚊帐里的其它时间发生。”Doctors normally use drugs to fight the disease. Ms Reimer says doctors in Papua New Guinea gave the drugs to people of five villages. She says this treatment nearly ended the threat from the worm to humans, but the drugs didnt stop the threat from mosquitoes.医生们通常使用药物来对抗这种疾病。雷默女士说，巴布亚新几内亚的医生们把药物发给了5个村庄的人们。她说，这种处置办法近乎消除了这种蠕虫对人类的威胁，但这种药物未能消除来自蚊虫的威胁。The treated nets block female mosquitoes from securing blood, which is necessary for them to reproduce. The insecticide also cuts the life of the insects in half.处理过的蚊帐可以防止雌性蚊子吸血，这是它们繁殖的必要条件。杀虫剂也将这些蚊虫的寿命缩减了一半。If we can reduce mosquito-biting rates then were able to increase the thresholds below which the disease prevalence will move to zero. So by controlling mosquitoes were making the targets for the mass drug administration more obtainable.她说，“如果我们能够降低蚊虫叮咬率，我们就能提高阙值，使该病的患病率降低到零。因此通过控制蚊虫，我们就能使得大规模药物治疗的目标更容易实现。”The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a goal of stopping lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem by the year 2020.世界卫生组织已经设定了一个目标，在2020年前将淋巴丝虫病作为一个公共卫生问题予以消除。The WHO estimates that 1.4 billion people in 73 countries are at risk of the disease. children are often infected, but they do not show signs of the disease until later in life.世界卫生组织预计，73个国家的14亿人处于该病的风险中。儿童往往被感染，但直到以后才会显现出感染该病的征兆。（二） WHO: People Needing Health Care Should Not Go Broke世界卫生组织督促各国完善全民医疗覆盖The World Health Organization says everyone should have a right to the health care services they need without risking financial ruin. A new WHO Report is urging countries to provide health care design to meet the special needs of their citizens.世界卫生组织说，每个人都有权在不担心破产的前提下获得他们所需的医疗服务。世界卫生组织一份新的报告督促各国提供医疗服务用于满足本国公民的特别需求。In 2005, all 194 members of the World Health Organization set a goal of providing universal health coverage. But very few countries have reached that target, most people must use their own financial resources to pay for the health care they need.在2005年，世界卫生组织所有194个成员国制订了提供全民医疗覆盖的目标。但是很少有国家实现了这一目标，大多数人都必须利用自己的财政资源支付他们所需的医疗服务。Since health needs differ from one country to another, the new report urges every country to create its own system of health coverage. It says the services should include prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and reduction of pain, and the health care should involve communities, health centers and hospitals.由于各国医疗需求各异，这份新的报告督促每个国家建立自己的医疗覆盖体系。该报告称，服务应当包括预防、治疗、康复和减轻疼痛。同时医疗应当囊括社区、卫生中心和医院。Christopher Dye is head of the WHOs Office of Health Information, HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases.Christopher Dye是世界卫生组织艾滋病毒/艾滋病、结核病、疟疾和被忽视的热带病部门卫生信息办公室主任。Every year approximately 150 million people in the world suffer catastrophic health expenditure. That is they have to pay out of their own pockets for health care to a degree that they cannot possibly afford. So, how do we put in place mechanisms for financial risk protection, which will ensure that catastrophic health expenditures are reduced to a minimum?他说，“每年全球大约有1.5亿人遭遇灾难性的医疗支出，也就是说他们必须自掏腰包支付他们没法承担的医疗费用。因此，我们要如何去落实财务风险保护机制以确保这种灾难性医疗支出降低到最低限度？”The report shows how research can help countries develop a system that makes sure their citizens receive the care they need without suffering financial ruin.该报告展示了研究能如何帮助各国制定一个体系，可以确保其国民获得他们所需医疗服务而不破产。The WHO says the studies should be done in low- and high-income countries because the poorer countries have special problems they have to work out for themselves.世界卫生组织表示该研究应当在低收入和高收入国家进行，因为贫穷国家有一些需要自己解决的特殊问题。Dr. Dye said some European countries have continued supporting their social and health services even during this period of financial difficulty. He says that decision is paying off in better health for their people.Dye博士说，一些欧洲国家持续支持其社会和健康服务，即使是在这一财政困难时期。他说，这一决定在改善医疗服务上已经初见成效。Saving money on health care is often a false kind of economy. If you save money on health care in the short term, you may end up spending more in the long term. So, cutting the cost of health budgets is not an enlightened policy.他说，“在医疗上节省开支通常是一种虚假经济。如果短期内在医疗上节省开支，可能最终在长远上会付出更多。因此，削减医疗预算开支不是一项开明的政策。”Dr. Dye estimates that the cost of medical care is increasing very quickly. Because of that, he says governments must find ways to pay for health care during good times and bad, and work harder to keep costs under control.Dye博士估计医疗开支增长迅猛，他说，正因为此，不管经济好坏，各国政府都必须找到办法来支付医疗服务，并努力将成本控制在可控范围之内。(三) Children Who Drink Lots of Soft Drinks More Likely to Be Aggressive常喝软饮料的孩子可能更具攻击性A new study has found evidence of aggressive behavior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day. Information for the study came from the mothers of 3,000 5-year-olds.一项新的研究发现了每天喝4杯以上软饮料的儿童的攻击行为的证据。该研究的资料来自于3000位5岁孩子的母亲。Researchers asked the women to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a two-month period. The women were also asked to complete a checklist of their childrens behavior.研究人员要求这些母亲在为期两个月的时间内记录她们的孩子喝了多少杯软饮料。她们还被要求完成一份关于自己孩子行为的记录。The researchers found that 43 percent of the boys and girls drank at least one daily serving of soda, 4 percent of the youngsters had four or more sodas to drink every day.研究人员发现，43%的儿童至少每天喝了一杯苏打水，4%的儿童每天喝了4杯以上苏打水。Shakira Suglia is with Columbia Universitys Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She worked on the study with researchers from the University of Vermont and Harvard University School of Public Health. She says they found that children who drank the most soda were more than two times as likely as those who drank no soda to show signs of aggression.夏奇拉苏格丽雅（Shakira Suglia）就职于纽约市哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院。她和来自于佛蒙特大学和哈佛大学公共卫生学院的研究人员一起合作。她说她们发现喝很多苏打水的儿童显示出来的攻击迹象是不喝苏打水的儿童的两倍以上。For the children who consumed four or more soft drinks per day, we see an association between aggressive behaviors, attention problems and withdrawn behaviors.她说，“在这些每天喝4杯以上软饮料的孩子中，我们看到了攻击行为、注意力问题和退缩行为之间的关联。”The aggressive behavior included destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people.这些攻击行为包括破坏属于他们的财产，参与打架和身体攻击他人。Shakira Suglia says the researchers identified the link after they considered socio-demographic factors like the childs age and sex. They also considered other possible influence, such as whether the boys and girls were eating sweets or giving fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers examined parenting styles and other social conditions that might be taking place