山西省阳城县高考英语阅读理解一轮优选练习（3）.doc

山西省阳城县2015高考英语阅读理解一轮优选练习（3）及答案【2015高考复习】阅读理解 areas of tokyo which had usually been packed with office workers like sushi(寿司) restaurants and noodle shops were unusually quiet. many schools were closed. companies allowed workers to stay home. long queues formed at airports.as japanese authorities struggled to avoid disaster at an earthquakebattered nuclear plant 240 km to the north, parts of tokyo resembled a ghost town. many people stocked up on food and stayed indoors or simply left, transforming one of the worlds biggest and most populated cities into a shell of its usual self.“look, its like sunday no cars in town，” said kazushi arisawa, a 62yearold taxi driver, as he waited for more than an hour outside an office tower where he usually finds customers within minutes. “i cant make money today. ”radiation in tokyo has been negligible,_ briefly touching three times the normal rate on tuesday, smaller than a dental xray. on wednesday, winds over the fukushima (福岛) nuclearpower plant blew out to sea, keeping levels close to normal. but that does little to relieve public anxiety about a 40yearold nuclear plant with three reactors in partial meltdown (熔毁)and a fourth with spent atomic fuel exposed to the atmosphere after last fridays earthquake and tsunami.“radiation moves faster than we do，” said steven swanson, a 43yearold american who moved to tokyo in december with his japanese wife to help with her family business.he is staying indoor but is tempted to leave.“its scary.its a triple threat with the earthquake, tsunami and the nuclear radiation leaks.it makes you wonder whats next. ”【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了日本的核辐射泄露对人们造成的影响。1the text is mainly about_.athe earthquake that happened in marchbthe governments effort to avoid disastercthe effects of the nuclear radiation leaksdthe earthquakebattered nuclearpower plant解析主旨大意题。整篇文章介绍了日本的核辐射泄露对人们造成的影响。故选c项。答案c2what did kazushi arisawa mean?atherere usually more cars on sundays.bhe didnt care much about nuclear radiation.che preferred to stay at home on sundays.dhe couldnt find many customers.解析细节理解题。从文章第三段的“as he waited for more than an hour outside an office tower where he usually finds customers within minutes.i cant make money today.”看出答案。答案d3the underlined word “negligible”in paragraph 4 most probably means_.aserious bslight cnormal d. average解析词义猜测题。从下文的“smaller than a dental xray”看出答案。答案b4what can we learn about the fukushima nuclearpower plant from the text?ait lies to the south of tokyo.bit started to operate about fifty years ago.cit was damaged in the earthquake and tsunami.dall its four reactors are now well under control.解析推理题。从文章第四段的“a 40yearold nuclear plant with three reactors in partial meltdown (熔毁)and a fourth with spent atomic fuel exposed to the atmosphere after last fridays earthquake and tsunami”看出答案。答案c【2015高考复习】阅读理解research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment.childrens relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success in school，and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school，becoming depressed and other problems.making and keeping friends is more than childs playwhen 6yearold rachel returned to school on a recent monday morning，her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend abbie.“though they were only separated by a weekend，the girls ran right into each others arms and hugged，”recalls rachels mother kathryn willis of gilbert.“it was like a scene from a movie.”most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child.experts agree that friendship is not simply childs play，but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.a skill for life“childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood，” says dr.robbie adlertapia，psychologist with the center for childrens health & life development at the east valley family resource center.researcher william hartup states，“peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development.” hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior，but rather，how well a child gets along with other children.the work of arizona state university professor of developmental psychology gary ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.good friendships dont just happenexperts agree that it is essential for children to establish highquality friendships.but，researchers warn，these friendships dont necessarily just happen.often，a good friendship begins with involved parents.psychologist dr.lynne kenney markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.bad companymany parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their childs friendships.“when she was in 1st grade，her supposed best friend began calling her names and threatening to hurt her，” says mindy miller.“my daughter wasnt allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class.it really crushed her spirit.i told my daughter she didnt need a friend like that.”“ill bend over backwards to help my son get together with a friend i think is good for him，” adlertapia says.“i dont look at it as manipulation (操纵)，just positive parental involvement.”【语篇解读】研究表明，童年时期的友谊对孩子的将来有着非常重要的意义。5the example of rachel and abbie is used to illustrate that_.achildhood friendship is of great significance to their growthba positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problemscit is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout lifedrachel missed her friend abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend解析细节理解题。文中六岁的rachel与她的朋友abbie之间的友谊例证了本部分的标题making and keeping friends is more than childs play，再结合文章首句可知应选a项。答案a6the underlined word “detrimental” could be replaced by_.aaggressivebdisappointing cridiculousdharmful解析词义猜测题。根据文中的“the work of arizona state university professor of developmental psychology gary ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.”可知，“detrimental”与句中的“beneficial”相对应，因此“detrimental”与“harmful”同义。答案d7we can learn from the passage that highquality friendship most probably results from_.asocial skills and good study habitsbschool grades and classroom behaviorscacademic success and social adaptationdpositive parental involvement and social skills解析细节理解题。根据good friendships dont just happen中的“a good friendship begins with involved parents”与“kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading”可知，d项正确。答案d8from the last paragraph we can conclude that dr.robbie adlertapia agrees that_.aparents should regard making friends as something that just happensbits wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationshipscparents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situationsdparents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can解析推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句可推知，父母应该在孩子交友的问题上给予指导，避免其受到不良影响，因此选b。答案b【2014高考英语福建省莆田市教学质量检查试卷】recently we told you about a finding that more years of school could help students get higherscores on intelligence teststhat was the finding of a study of teenage males in norwaynow，other research shows that physical activity may help students do better in their classes .the research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical educationthey are using the time instead for academic subjects like maths and readingthe studies appeared between 2007 and 2013they included more than 55，000 children，aged 6 to 18amika singh：“based on the results of our study，we can conclude that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance. there are，first，physiological explanations，like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brainbeing physically active means there are more hormones(荷尔蒙)produced like endorphins(内啡肽)and endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved, which means you also perform better.”also，students involved in organized sports learn rules and how to follow themthis could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their workthe study leaves some questions unanswered，howevermsstash says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvementthis is because of differences among the studies .alsothey were mostly observational studiesan observational study is where researchers do not do controlled comparisonsthey only describe what they observeso they might observe a link that students who are more active often have better gradesbut that does not necessarily mean being active was the cause of those higher gradesthe researchers said they found only two high - quality studiesthey called for more high-quality studies to confirm their findingsthey also pointed out that “outcomes for other parts of the world may be quite different. ”still，the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in schoolmssingh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programsher paper on “physical activity and performance at school”is published in the archives of pediatric and adolescent medicine72the passage mainly tells us that aa research on physical education has been done by the researchersbthere exists a possibility that physical activity leads to higher gradescthe amount or kind of activity directly affects academic leveldthe research shows that the children aged 6 to 1 8 dont do sports73which of the following is true?abeing mentally active is good for academic subjectsbthe more hormones you have，the more stressed you will getcthey have found many high-quality studies to prove the researchdthe educators in the research think studies，not exercise，mean much to students74the underlined sentence in paragraph 7 probably means .agood marks result from high-quality studybfindings probably vary in different areascphysical activity will spread all over the worlddacademic performance depends on the surroundings75whats the purpose of writing the passage?ato call our attention to the sports at schoolbto introduce all types of physical activitiescto represent the academic performancedto improve students health 【参考答案】7275、bdbaatemperature is measured by means of a thermometer (温度计). one general form of thermometer depends upon the fact that most solids and liquids expand as their temperature rises. there are one or two exceptions. there is, for instance, a kind of steel called invar (from “invariable”) which does not change its dimensions as temperature changes; it is valuable for making pendulums (钟摆), since, if the length of a pendulum changes, its time of vibration changes. it is also used for making very accurate measuring scales. in both cases, then, changes of atmospheric temperature have no effect if invar is used. another exception is that very odd liquid, water, which has many strange properties (特性). as water gets colder it contracts (收缩), which is ordinary behavior, until it reaches the temperature of 30. above freezing point. after that, as it gets colder, it expands. this is fortunate-for considering the freezing of a pond. as the water on top gets colder, it shrinks; and so, volume for volume, it becomes heavier and sinks. this goes on until all the pond is at 30, but after that, as the water becomes colder it expands. therefore the colder water stays on top and freezes, covering the pond with ice. if the water went on contracting down to the freezing point, the pond would become a solid block of ice in the end. this would not worry people who live in hot climates, but it would be very serious for those who live in cold climates, especially for those who want to break the ice and catch fish which live in the cold water beneath.1. invar is valuable for making pendulums because _.a. it can hardly change its shape or size as temperature changes. b. it will change its dimensions without the change of temperature.c. its time of vibration doesnt change if its length changes. d. its time of vibration does not change if its length changes.2. as water gets colder after reaching the temperature of 30. it will _.a. contract b. shrink c. expand d. freeze3. which of the following statements is true, according to this passage?a. only invar can be used to make a thermometer. b. only water can be used to make a thermometer.c. both invar and water can be used to make a thermometer. d. neither invar nor water can be used to make a thermometer. 4. the best title of this passage is most likely to be _.a. temperature measurement b. two exceptionsc. uses of invar d. properties of water【参考答案】14、acdb 阅读理解-dlots of people have hobbies. some people collect old coins or foreign stamps; some do needlework; others spend most of their spare time on a particular sport.a lot of people enjoy reading. but reading tastes differ widely. some people only read newspapers or comics, some like reading novels, while others prefer books on astronomy, wildlife, or technological discoveries.if i happen to be interested in horses or precious stones, i cannot expect everyone else to share my enthusiasm. if i watch all the sports programs on tv with great pleasure, i must put up with the fact that other people find sports boring.is there nothing that interests us all? is there nothing that concerns everyoneno matter who they are or where they live in the world? yes, dear sophie, there are questions that certainly should interest everyone. they are precisely the questions this course is about.what is the most important thing in life? if we ask someone living on the edge of starvation, the answer is food. if we ask someone dying of cold, the answer is warmth. if we put the same question to someone who