高考英语语法辅导课件-被动语态.ppt

Grammar Thepassivevoice be done Thepassivevoice do does are isdone am is aredoing has havedone am is arebeingdone have hasbeendone begoingto willdo did was weredoing haddone begoingto willbedone was weredone was werebeingdone hadbeendone Pointouttheverb thesubjectandtheobjectinthefollowingsentences Weplantedmanytreeslastyear Wemustclosethewindowsandthedoor S V O S V O Manytreeswereplanted byus lastyear Thewindowsandthedoormustbeclosed DiscussionA Howcanwechangeasentenceintopassivevoice 1 Findouttheobjectofthesentenceanduseitasthesubjectofthesentencewiththepassivevoice 2 Decidethetenseofthesentenceandusetherelatedformofitspassive 3 Ifnecessary use by tojointheformersubject whichshouldbeputintoitsobjectform DiscussionB Whendoweusethepassivevoice Manyhouseswillbebuilthere 1 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者 Thesong TheEastisRed waswrittenbyapoorpeasant 2 强调动作的承受者 TheplanwassupportedbythosewhowishedtohavemorechancestospeakEnglish 3 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语 Youarerequestedtoattendthemeeting 4 出于礼貌 不愿意说出动作的执行者 A Changethefollowingsentencesintothepassivevoice 1 Allofuslikeher Sheislikedbyallofus 2 Wearediscussingthequestion Thequestionisbeingdiscussed 3 Wehaveputoffthemeeting Themeetinghasbeenputoff 4 Iwilldevelopmypicturenextweek Mypicturewillbedevelopednextweek B Fillintheblankswiththerightformofthewordsgiven I give anewbookbymyfatheronmybirthday English find veryuseful 3 Thework finish tomorrow 4 Theflowers water bythemnow wasgiven isfound willbefinished arebeingwatered 5 Therailway build thistimelastyear 6 Thenewway already build 7 Thenewrailway build bytheendoflastyear 8 Hetoldmethesportsmeeting hold thenextmonth 9 Rice grow inthesouthoftheStates wasbeingbuilt has beenbuilt hadbeenbuilt wouldbeheld isgrown HeoftentellsusinterestingstoriesWeareoftentoldinterestingstories Interestingstoriesareoftentoldtous 2 Thegovernmenthasgivenmuchfoodtothepeopleinthepoorarea Thepeopleinthepoorareahasbeengivenmuchfood Muchfoodhasbeengiventothepeopleinthepoor 在give lend offer send tell和show等动词后 常带两个宾语 分别指人和物 变为被动语态时 常用指人的宾语做句子的主语 也可用指物的宾语做句子的主语 但需在人前加介词to 1 IhearthegirlsingEnglishsongs ThegirlisheardtosingEnglishsongs 2 Heletmegofirst Iwaslettogofirst 使役动词和感官动词带有复合宾语 变为被动语态时 将宾语变为主语保留原来的宾补 并还原在主动语态中省略了的不定式符号totheactivevoice make let have see hearsbdosththepassivevoice sbbemade let had seen heardtodosth 1 我的自行车昨晚被偷了 Mybikegotstolenlastnight 2 这些蛋已经被打碎了 Theeggshavegotbroke 3 工资已经付给了工人们 Theworkershavegotpaid C Translatethesentencesusing getdone Get canalsobeusedinthepassivevoiceinsteadof be D Translatethefollowingsentences 这件毛衣很好洗 Thissweater wash well 2 你的文章好读 Yourarticle read well 3 这些花闻起来很香 Theflowers smell sweet 4 这种布料易干 Thiskindofcloth dry easily dries washes reads smell dries 1 Ihavemanysciencebooks 2 VRfilmsbelongtothelatestwaveofnewtechnology 3 Hefelthappyatthenews 表状态的动词如fail suit contain own hold fit cost lack become have andfeel等不能用于被动语态 下列主动语态不能变为被动语态 谓语为表状态的it fail suit contain own hold fit cost lack become have 有吃 feel等Ihaveabook 当cost promise wish等带双宾时Hepromisedmeabike 当宾语为同源宾语时Wearelivingahappylife 当宾语是不定式 动名词时Ihopetoseeyouverysoon 1 据说他很快恢复了 Itissaidthathewillrecoversoon 2 据报道下个月又一本书要出版 Itisreportedthatanotherbookwillbepublishednextmonth It passiveverb that clauseSubject passiveverb to infinitive Specialpassivepatterns ItissaidthatLiPingwillstudyabroad LiPingissaidtostudyabroad ItissaidthatLiPingisstudyingabroad LiPingissaidtobestudyingabroad LiPingissaidtohavestudiedabroad LiPingissaidtohavebeenstudyingabroad ItissaidthatLiPingstudiedabroad ItissaidthatLiPinghasbeenstudyingabroad Itissaidthat Itisreportedthat Itishopedthat Itiswellknownthat Itisbelievedthat Itmustbepointedoutthat Moreexamples Specialpassivepatterns 有些动词可用主动语态形式来表被动意义 1 不及物动词与状语连用 用以表示主语的品质和状态 常见动词是 cut sell read write fill cook lock wash drive keep等 例如 Thisknifecutswell 这把刀好切 Thesebookssellwell 这些书好卖 Thepenwritessmoothly 这支笔写起来流畅 Meatwon tkeeplonginsuchhotweather 肉在这样热的天气里放不长久 Theclothwasheswell 这种布好洗 2 一些连系动词的主动式 形容词 常见动look smell taste sound feel prove turnout等 例如 Theapplestastegood Theflowersmellswonderful Thenewsproved turnedouttrue Cottonfeelssoft 注 prove也可用于被动式 如 Hisanswer was provedright 3 不定式在某些形容词之后 且与主语有动宾关系 常见形容词有 hard defficult easy heavy fit good comfortable convenient impossible等 例如 Theproblemiseasytodo Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer Theboxisheavytocarry Theprojectisimpossibletocompleteinayear 比较 Theproblemistobedone Thequestionistobeanswered 没有形容词时 虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系 但必须用被动式 4 表示开始 结束 运动的动词 begin finish start open close stop end shut run move等 Theshopclosesat6 p m Workbeganat7thismorning 容易误用被动语态的几种情况 1 IteachmyselfFrench 不可变为MyselfistaughtFrench 因为反身代词不可作主语 2 Wehelpeachother oneanother 不可变为Eachother Oneanotherishelpedbyus 因为相互代词不可作主语 3 Helostheart 不可变为Heartwaslostbyhim 因为象loseheart makeaface keepsilence loseinthought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式 不能用被动式 4 Shetookpartinthesportsmeet 不能变为Thesportsmeetwastakenpartinbyher 因为象takepartin belongto own have hate fail contain等表状态动词没有被动语态 被动语态考点分析 1 Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection NMET A hascompletedB completesC hasbeencompletedD iscompleted析 complete是及物动词 邮集 是被人完成的 须从表被动意的C D中选择 又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来 所以此题答案为D 2 Doyoulikethematerial Yes it verysoft NMET A isfeelingB feltC feelsD isfelt析 观察题干 空白线后无宾语 可知feel是不及物动词 表 某物 摸起来 意思 是连系动词 不能用于被动式 也不用进行时 根据此题对话情景 是指某种材料的常规特性 要用一般现在时 不能用过去时 故答案为C feel作 感觉 认为 摸 等意时是及物动词 可带宾语 有时态 语态等变化 3 Greatchanges inthecity andalotoffactories NMET A havebeentakenplace havebeensetupB havetakenplace havebeensetupC havetakenplace havesetupD weretakenplace weresetup析 takeplace 发生 是不及物动词 不可用于被动语态 于是可排除A D 又因setup 建造 是及物动词 在此题中应该用被动式 故排除C 答案为B 5 Idon tknowtherestaurant butit s tobequiteagoodone NMET A saidB toldC spokenD talked析 根据 某人 某物据说 英文句式为 sb sth issaid 可定答案为A 又如 Heissaidtobeacleverboy 据说他是一个聪明的男孩 6 Thepolicefoundthatthehouse andalotofthings NMET A hasbrokeninto hasbeenstolenB hasbrokeninto hadbeenstolenC hasbeenbrokeninto stolenD hadbeenbrokeninto stolen析 房屋被人闯入 东西被偷 都是被动语态 故可排除A B 因C项中的hasbeenbrokeninto不能置于found之后 则答案只能是D 7 Ipromisethatthematterwill NMET A betadencareB betakencareofC takecareD takecareof析 takecareof 是固定短语 若无of则不可带宾语 只能跟that从句 所以此题答案为B 8 Ifcitynoises fromincreasing people shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow NMET A arenotkept willhavetoB arenotkept havetoC donotkeep willhavetoD donotkeep haveto析 观察题干 第一处必须用被动式 答案只能在A B中选一 条件句用一般现在时 主句应为一般将来时 故答案为A 9 TheOlympicGames in776BC didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912 NMET A firstplayingB tobefirstplayedC firstplayedD tobefirstplaying析 要表达 被举行 只能在B C中选 B意 将要首次举行 显然不合in776BC这一过去时间 只有C firstplayed whichwasfirstplayed 才合用 10 Thissentenceneeds A aimprovementB improveC improvingD improved析 初看此题似手A C皆可 但improv