广东省天河区高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 代词03.doc

代词03 考点4 反身代词1反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语the text itself is very easy这篇课文本身很简单。(作主语的同位语)(either)jane or yourself will go there要么jane去，要么你自己去。(作并列主语，但不能单独作主语)he is not laughed at that laughs at himself first谚自嘲者不会让人嘲笑。respect yourseff，or no one else will respect you谚要人尊敬，必须自重。2主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teach oneself，enjoy oneself，help oneself，throw oneself，look after oneself3在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适i dont know whats the matter with meim not myself today4用在交际英语中help yourseff!随便吃!(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧!make yourself at home!别拘束!dont upset yourself!别自寻煨商了15辨别几组搭配by oneself独自，单独；for oneself独自地，靠自己的力量；ofoneselft动地；to oneself独占，独用典例：isnt it amazing how the human body heals after an injury?ahireself bhim citself dit考点5 it的用法在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：1指代作用(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词)。如：although we cannot see it，there is air all around us虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的周围。(2)代替前面的整个句子。如：it is said that he has died of a disease，but it isnt true据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：一what is this?这是什么?一its a bike是自行车。(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：the baby cried because it was hungry婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)一who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?一its me是我o(5)指环境、情形等。如：i cant stand it any longer我再也不能容忍这种情况了。take it easy别紧张。it doesnt matter没关系。(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：its getting colder and colder now现在越来越冷了。it is winter now现在是冬天了。2形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如：(i)its no use crying over spilt milk谚覆水难收。it takes three generations to make a gentleman谚十年树木，百年树人。 (2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：you must make it clear to them that the situation is serious你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。)they thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。特别提示形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。the boy likes it when you do that那个男孩喜欢你那样做。3强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：it is/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。【2016高考模拟试题精讲精炼】1. sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.a. herself b. this c. that d. it 【答案】d【考点】考查代词的用法。【解析】此处it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语。句意：sarah今天早上成功地及时到达了机场赶上了她的航班。2. new technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.a. that b. this c. one d. it 【答案】 d 【考点】本题考查代词。【解析】题干为固定句型：make + it + adj. + to do。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。句意为：新兴科技已经使得更快地、以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。3my brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.anothingbnonecno onedneither【答案】b【考点】不定代词【解析】此处 nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调“每一个”；no one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选b。4.-john, when shall we meet again, thursday or friday? -_.ill be off to london then. a. either b. neither c. both d. none【答案】b【考点】不定代词用法【解析】根据答语“ill be off to london then.”可知，约定的星期三或者星期五对john来说，都不行。在选项中b选项是“两者都不”之意，符合语境。因此，正确答案为b选项。5. if youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me?a. one b. such c. this d. that【答案】a【考点】代词的用法【解析】根据句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.6. studying wendys menu, i found that many of the items are similar to_ of mcdonalds.a. thoseb. onesc. anyd. all【答案】a【考点】代词【解析】 those=that ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of mcdonalds修饰，符合语境。ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。7.sophia waited for a reply, but _ came.a. either b. another c. neither d. none【答案】d【考点】代词辨析neither/ none【解析】句意为：sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，所以排除a项和b项。neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“三者或三者以上都不”。根据前半句中的“a reply”提示可知，故选d项。8. no matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.a. him b this c. that d. it 【答案】d 【考点】考查代词。【解析】所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for a walk，选d。9. larry asks bill and peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do.a. either b. anyc. neither d. none【答案】c【考点】考查代词的用法。【解析】根据句意可知，bill和peter两个人，所以其否定形式用neither。句意：larry请求bill和peter一起和他去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们要工作。10. when you are done with the book, just give it to lucy or helen or _.a. whoeverb. whereverc. whatever d. however【答案】a【考点】考查代词的用法。【解析】此处whoever是代词，意为：任何人，无论谁。它作to的宾语。句意：你看完书后，把书给lucy或helen，或谁都行。11 the air of hills is cooler than_of plains.a. that bone cthose d. ones【答案】a【解析】考查代词的用法。此处that指代不可数名词the air，其后有后置定语of plainsman。句意：山上的空气比平原的凉爽。12.he is_stupid. in fact he is quite smart.a. anything but b. nothing but c. more than d. no more than【答案】a【解析】考查不定代词的用法。此处anything but意为：一点也不。句意：他一点也不傻，事实上，他很精明。13first the car broke down，and now i cant find my keys！if its not one thing，its_.a. another b. other c. the other d. others【答案】a【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：首先车抛锚了，现在我又找不到钥匙了！不是这事就是那事。14. -you seem busy these days.-yes. im looking for a house. its really not easy to find _ with a garden.a. this b. one c. it d. that【答案】b【解析】考查代词题。本题的a选项和d选项基本可以视作同义选项排除，真正考察的区别也就是one和it这对常考代词的区别。it指代前面一个确定的名词概念，而one则指代前面名词范围中不确定的某一个。这里前面的ahouse明显不是某所确定的房子，说话者只是在找房，并没有确定哪一所，所以应该是b选项one。15how wonderful it will be that whoever is in need of a job can get ait bthat cone dthis 【答案】c【解析】考查代词的用法。此处one同类指代。句意：需要工作的人找到一个工作那该多好啊。16knowledge from real life isnt easier to forget than _ achieved from textbooksait bthat cone dthose【答案】b【解析】考查代词的用法。此处that指代不可数名词knowledge，其后有后置定语，用于比较句型。17. mr. robert didnt choose any of the three jackets because he found _ of them satisfactory.a. allb. eitherc. noned. neither【答案】c【解析】考查代词的用法。此处none意为：没有一个。句意：罗伯特先生没有选择三件夹克衫的任何一个，因为他发现没有一个满意。18. the agreement was made quickly as both sides were satisfied with the conditions of _.a. anotherb. othersc. the otherd. either【答案】 c【解析】考查代词的用法。根据前文的both可知：应选c两者当中的另一个。19. 11 is a special date, ,i think,that will be remembered by th