广东省天河区高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 情态动词02.doc

情态动词精讲精炼02 【考点诠释】考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查 情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如： 1. the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out. a. had to b. would c. was able to d. could 2. when can i come for the photos? i need them tomorrow afternoon. they_be ready by 12:00. a. can b. should c. might d. need 【解析】can：能够；should:应该，表示责任、义务。might：可能；need：需要。它们应该在12点前准备好。所以，答案是b。 二、情态动词表示推测的考查 对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如： 1. sorry, im late. i_have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again . a. might b. should c. can d. will 【解析】might have done : (过去)可能做过某事；shouldhave done :本应该做某事。根据本句提供的情境im late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是：a。 2. my sister met him at the grand theatre yesterday afternoon,so he_your lecture. a. couldnt have attended b. neednt have attended c. mustnt have attended d. shouldnt have attended 【解析】couldnt have done: (过去)不可能做某事； neednt have done:本来不必做某事；mustnt have done:一定未做过某事： shouldnt have done:本不该做某事。根据提供的情境my sister met him at the great theatre表明他不可能参加讲座。答案是：a。 3.mr bush is on time for everything. how_it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? a. can b. should c. may d. must 【解析】can表示可能性。布什先生按时做一切事，他怎么可能开幕式迟到呢？答案是：a。 4.i heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter? it_true because there was little snow there.a. may not be b. wont be c. couldnt be d. mustnt be 【解析】may not be : 可能不是；wont be：不会是；couldnt be：不可能是； mustnt be ：一定不是。根据提供情境there was little snow 说明山里滑雪是件不可能的事，may not 语气不如couldnt强。答案是：c。 分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测；can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测；may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测；用于否定陈述句中，cant （不可能）的语气比may not（可能不）强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。 三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查 情态动词have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。 1. there was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. you_come, but why didnt you? a. must have b. should c. need have d. ought to have 【解析】ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做，should do 表示现在应该做某事，与题中 at yesterdays party 表示的时间不一致。所以选d。 2.i was really anxious about you. you_home without a word.(nmet2001,33)a. mustnt leave b. shouldnt have left c. couldnt have left d. neednt leave 3. oh, im not feeling well in the stomach. i_so much fried chicken just now. a. shouldnt eat b. mustnt have eaten c. shouldnt have eaten d. mustnt eat 【解析】该句所表达的意思是刚才我不因该吃那么多炸鸡，而实际上是吃了那么多，可以判断用shouldnt have eaten. 答案是 c。 分析：高考对情态动词表示虚拟用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧重should （not）have done 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚拟形式，如need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。 考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查1.tom ,you didnt come to the party last night? i_, but i suddenly remembered i had homework to do . a. had to b. didnt c. was going to d. wouldnt 【解析】had to:不得不；didnt:没来；was going to：打算来；wouldnt:不愿来。句意：汤姆，昨晚你没来参加舞会吗？我本打算来，但我突然记起有作业要做。but是关键词，所以答案是：c。 2. your phone number again? i_quite catch it . its 86184867. a. didnt b. couldnt c. dont d. cant 典题链接【示例1】ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. it _ harrys.he always wears green.a.has to beb.will bec.mustnt bed.could be解析:could 在此处表示猜测，意思是“可能”。答案：d【示例2】mum，ive been studying english since 8 oclock._ i go out and play with tom for a while? no，im afraid not.besides，its raining outside now.a. cantb. wouldntc. may notd. wont 解析:前一说话者意在强烈要求妈妈允许他出去玩一会。意为：its been so long a time，and its quite necessary for me to go and play.答案：a【示例3】excuse me，but i want to use your computer to type a report.you _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.a. shantb. might notc. needntd. shouldnt解析:后者意为如果你不爱惜电脑的话，就不允许你用。shall用于二、三人称表示允诺。如： you shall have a copy if the book is published. 书一出来你就会得到一本。you shall get the answer right this afternoon. 今天下午你就可以得到答复。the enemy shall be wiped out.敌人一定会被消灭。答案：a【示例4】i often see lights in that empty house. do you think i _ report it to the police?a.shouldb.mayc.willd.can解析:空房子常亮着灯，不正常，所以应该报告警方。准确掌握各情态动词的基本意义且紧密结合上下文才能正确地使用，因而二者不可或缺。答案：a【示例5】children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.a.mustb.mayc.cand.need解析:那个国家里12岁以下的孩子到公共图书馆去须由大人监护。这是法律条文或图书馆的管理规定，人人必须遵守。答案：a【示例6】catherine, i have cleaned the room for you. thanks. you _ it. i could manage it myself.a.neednt dob.neednt have done c.mustnt dod.shouldnt have done解析:neednt have done表示“过去本来没有必要做而做了”，而shouldnt have done表示“过去本来不应该做而做了”。答案：b思维升级“情态动词have过去分词 ”结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构：（1）must have done “过去一定做了某事”（2）cant/c