英语句法讲座4.doc

英语句法讲座Lecture 4平行结构指把两个或两个以上同一种类型的意思或概念用相同的结构来表达的一种修辞手段。这种结构整齐、和谐、语义表达清晰流畅，是一种很有用的写作手段。平行结构对并列的各部分在结构上和意义层次上要求必须完全相同，如同为形容词、分词、动词、动词短语、动名词短语、不定式、不定式短语等。若干个平行部分中如果有一个与其他不尽相同，就破坏了平行结构，成为不好的句子。对于这一点，很多学生在写作时没有给与足够的重视，从而导致错用平行结构的现象十分普遍。例如：Faulty:Bill enjoys hunting for rabbits, socializing with friends, and to read the humors.Revised: Bill enjoys hunting for rabbits, socializing with friends, and reading the humors.Faulty:A consumer group rates my car as noisy, expensive and not having much safety.Revised: A consumer group rates my car as noisy, expensive, and unsafe.Faulty:In my spare time, I like to read, to listen to music, and to watch TVRevised: In my spare time, I like to read novels, to listen to music, and to watch TV.要避免误用平行结构，你可以采取一种保险的办法，在打简单的草稿时，你可以不考虑句子结构的紧凑和顺畅问题，集中精力快速守罗列出你能想到的所有的观点。在最后定稿时，你再把注意力用于句子结构的组织，把语义紧密相关、表达形式相似的句子整合成平行结构。这样可以有效地避免一边选择合适的材料、观点，一边还要注意句子结构的完整准确而造成的顾此失彼的情况。Practice:找出并改写下列各句中不平衡的部分，以使它与句中其他部分相协调。Example: Woody Allens films are clever, well-acted, and have a lot of humor. Woody Allens films are clever, well-acted, and humorous1. When I saw my roommate with my girl friend, I felt worried, angry and embarrassment as well. 2. The study skills course taught me how to take more effective notes, to read a textbook chapter, and preparing for exams. 3. Lola plans to become a model, lawyer, or to go into nursing. 4. Filled with talent and ambitious, Charlie started his sales work.5. The bacon was fatty, grease was on the potatoes, and the eggs were cold. 6. Our professor warned us that he would give surprise tests, the assignment of term papers, and allow no make-up exams.7. I had to correct my paper for fragments, misplaced modifiers, and there was faulty parallelism. 8. Having a headache, my stomach being upset, and a bad case of sunburn did not put me in a good mood for the evening. 9. The single life offers more freedom of choice; more security is offered by marriage.10. Ha