广东省天河区高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 阅读理解16.docVIP

阅读理解精讲精炼16 80.facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. for example, in american culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. yet it also has other uses. a womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. a smile may show love or politeness. it can also hide true feelings. it often causes confusion(困惑) across cultures. for example, many people in russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. yet many americans smile freely at strangers in public places(although this is less common in big cities). some russians believe that americans smile in the wrong places; some americans believe that russians dont smile enough. in southeast asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.our faces show emotions(情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. the fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted. for example, in public and in formal situations many japanese do not show their emotions as freely as americans do. when with friends, japanese and americans seem to show their emotions similarly. it is difficult to generalize about americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the united states. people from certain cultural backgrounds in the united states seem to be more facially expressive than others. the key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. if we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.49what does the smile usually mean in the us.?alove. bpoliteness.cjoy. dthankfulness.50the author mentions the smile of the vietnamese to prove that a smile can _.ashow friendliness to strangersbbe used to hide true feelingscbe used in the wrong placesdshow personal habits51what should we do before attempting to “read” people?alearn about their relations with others.bunderstand their cultural backgrounds.cfind out about their past experience.dfigure out what they will do next.52what would be the best title for the text?acultural differencesbsmiles and relationshipscfacial expressivenessdhabits and emotions【要点综述】本文主要介绍了不同的文化背景下，不同国家的人们在运用面部表情的时候也有着很大的差异，因此，我们在判断他人面部表情的含义的时候，不要以自己的文化背景为根据，这样会做出错误的判断。49. c细节理解题。根据第一段的“for example, in american culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.”可知在美国，微笑一般表示的是“高兴”的意思。a项表示“爱”；b项“有礼貌”，是一些特殊情况下的含义；d项表示“感谢”，没有这个信息。50. b推理判断题。结合第一段的最后一句话“vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.” 提到了越南人以微笑来结束一个悲伤的故事，是掩饰真实情感的例子，故选b。a项“对陌生人友好”，是美国人的做法；c项“微笑会在错误的地方使用”；d项表示“个人的习惯”；均与原文信息不符。51. b细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句话“if we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of reading the other person incorrectly.”可知在理解他人的面部表情的时候，首先要懂得他们的文化背景，不能以自己的文化来理解他人的面部表情。a“了解与他人的关系”；c“找出他们过去的经历”；d“预测他们下一步将做什么”；均与原文信息不符。52. c标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了在不同的文化背景下，人们的面部表情传达的意思不同，以美国人和世界各地其他不同国家的人们在面部表情表达方式的不同为例，说明了我们在理解他人表情的时候，不要以自己的文化背景为基础，因此选c。a“文化差别”；b“微笑与关系”；d“习惯与感情”；均不是文章的主题。81.if confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his september 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.while many people in china will remember confucius on his special day, few people in the united states will give him a passing thought. its nothing personal. most americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.but this doesnt mean that americans dont care about confucius. in many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of china.in the past two decades, the chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in western universities. more recently, the chinese government has set up confucius institutes in more than 80 countries. these schools teach both chinese language and culture. the main courses of chinese culture usually include chinese art, history and philosophy(哲学)some social scientists suggest that westerners should take advantage of the ancient chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of western philosophy. students in the united states, at the same time, are racing to learn chinese. so they will be ready for life in a world where china is an equal power with the united states. businessmen who hope to make money in china are reading books about confucius to understand their chinese customers.so the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.today china attracts the west more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce confucius and chinese culture to the west.as for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the west, even if his birthday is.64the opening paragraph is mainly intended to _.aprovide some key facts about confuciusbattract the readers interest in the subjectcshow great respect for the ancient thinkerdprove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations65we can learn from paragraph 4 that american students _.ahave a great interest in studying chinesebtake an active part in chinese competitionsctry to get high scores in chinese examsdfight for a chance to learn chinese66what is the best title for the passage?aforgotten wisdom in americabhuge fans of the chinese languagecchinese culture for westernersdold thinker with a big future67the passage is likely to appear in _.aa biography ba history paperca newspaper da philosophy textbook【要点综述】尽管东西方纪念孔子的方式不同，孔子在西方仍受到推崇。世界各地的孔子学院受到了西方人的欢迎。这成为了解中国文化的桥梁。64. b写作意图题。作者开篇提出，如果孔子活到今天，按照西方点蜡烛庆祝他的生日，吹蜡烛是一件麻烦的事情。作者以这个作为开场白，目的是吸引读者。c有一定的干扰性。作者在后面讲述了西方人不会这么做，这并不代表他们不尊重孔子，由此我们排除c。65. a推理判断题。第四段的第一句就是本段的主旨句。这一段讲述了孔子文化在西方的受欢迎程度，因此我们可以得出答案。66. d主旨大意题。全文讲述了孔子学院在西方的受欢迎程度。它架起了东方文化向西方输送的桥梁，因此是古老的思想家与未来的结合。c有一定的干扰性。本文介绍了孔子思想在西方国家的传播，因此c的范围过大。67. c文章出处题。本文介绍了孔子学院在西方的盛行，因此属于报道类文章，应该是在报纸里出现。82. grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. a man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. he can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. he can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. a mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of cinderella or goldilocks and the three bears. one explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it. in childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. we continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as cinderella and goldilocks. we not only learn but overlearn. the multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. the law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. by cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. a little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.67what is the main idea of paragraph 1? apeople remember well what they learned in childhood. bchildren have a better memory than grownups. cpoem reading is a good way to learn words. dstories for children are easy to remember.68the author explains the law of overlearning by_. apresenting research findings bsetting down general rules cmaking a comparison dusing examples69according to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is _. aa result of overlearning ba special case of cramming ca skill to deal with math problems da basic step towards advanced studies70what is the authors opinion on cramming? ait leads to failure in college exams. bits helpful only in a limited way. cits possible to result in poor memory. dit increases students learning interest.【要点综述】本文是一篇议论文。成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记着儿时学过的东西。作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续练习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。 最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和“突击学习”的弊端。67. a段落大意题。根据文章第一段中的“grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知，文章讲的是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好地记着儿时学过的东西。c、d断章取义，讲得太具体，b项错误，因为那是过度学习的结果，不是儿时记忆力好。所以a正确。68. d推理判断题。根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：“practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them.”和“they the multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.”69. a推理判断题。根据文章的第四段“because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.”可知，乘法口诀仍然是儿时过度学习的结果。所以选a。70. b推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“by cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知，突击学习只在有限的方面有帮助。所以b正确。82. blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(灾祸)peoples choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies reactions (反应)toward them. green is said to be the most restful color. it has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. people who work in green environments have been found to have fewer stomach aches.red can cause a persons blood pressure to rise and increase peoples appetites(食欲). many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “buy now” button because red is a color that easily catches a persons eye. blue is another calming color. unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. so if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. the next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.60. muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their _.a. cultural values b. commercial purposesc. personal experiences d. physical reactions to the color61. why will many commercial websites have a red “buy now” button?a. to relax people physically.b. to increase peoples appetites.c. to encourage people to make a purchase.d. to cause a persons blood pressure to rise.62. what color might help lose weight according to the text?a. red. b. green.c. blue. d. purple.63. which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?a. colors and human beingsb. the cultural meaning of colorc. colors and personal experiencesd. the meaning and function of color【要点综述】本文主要讲颜色在不同的国家中代表不同含义以及在日常生活中的不同功能。60. a细节推断题。根据第二段中the answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences.可知颜色和文化价值以及个人经历有关。再根据for muslims, it means heaven.可判断应该是文化价值而不是个人经历。61. c细节推断题。根据第四段中because red is a color that easily catches a persons eye可知红色容易吸引眼球，意思是鼓励别人购买。62. c细节推断题。根据第五段中blue can cause people to lose appetite. so if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.可判断选c。63. d主旨大意题。本文主要讲颜色的不同意义和功能，所以可判断选d。83. there is no better way to enjoy scottish traditions than going fishing and tasting a little bit of whisky(威士忌) at a quiet place like the inverlochy castle. when queen victoria visited the castle in 1873 she wrote in her diary, “i never saw a lovelier spot. ” and she didnt even go fishing. scotland is not easily defined. in certain moments, this quiet land of lakes and grasses and mountains changes before your very eyes. when evening gently sweeps the hillside into orange light, the rivers, teeming with fish, can turn into streams of gold. as you settle down with just a fishing pole and a basket on the bank of river orchy, near the inverlochy castle, any frustration(烦恼) will float away as gently as the circling water. its just you and purple, pink, white flowers，seeking a perfect harmony. if you are a new comer to fishing, learning the basics from a fishing guide may leave you with a lifetimes fun. for many, fishing is more than a sport; it is an art. scotland offers interesting places where you can rest after a long days fishing. set against a wild mountain and hidden behind woodland, the beautiful inverlochy castle hotel below the nevis is a perfect place to see the beauty of scotlands mountains. ben nevis is the highest of all british mountains, and reaching its 1343metre top is a challenge. but its not just what goes up that matters; what comes down is unique. more than 900 metres high, on the mountains north face, lies an allimportant source of pure water. its name comes from the gaelic language “usquebaugh ” or “water of life”； and it is the single most important ingredient(原料) in scotlands best known drink：whisky. 64. the story of queen victoria is to show that _. a. the queen is rich in tour experienceb. the castle is a good place to go in scotland c. tasting whisky is better than going fishingd. 1873 is a special year for the queen 65. how is paragraph 2 mainly developed? a. by giving descriptions.b. by following time order. c. by analyzing causes.d. by making comparisons.66. what is ben nevis special for? a. the inverlochy castle hotel.b. the beauty of its surroundings. c. the water from the mountain.d. the challenge up to its top.67. what is the main purpose of the passage? a. to introduce scottish traditions to tourists.b. to show the attractions of scotland to readers. c. to explore geographical characteristics of scotland.d. to describe the pleasures of life in scotland.【要点综述】该篇材料介绍了苏格兰inverlochy castle的迤逦风光，既有地理风光，又有人文情怀。其写作目的是向读者介绍这里的风土人情，吸引游客观光游览。64. b推理判断题。引用维多利亚女王的故事目的是提升其城堡的名望。65. a推理判断题。该段首句scotland is not easily defined(苏格兰很难定义)明示，该段材料使用的是白描的手法，即通过详尽的描述来说明此地风光无限。66. c细节理解题。短文最后一段直接说明ben nevis的特产酿造上等威士忌的优质水源。67. b写作意图题。该篇材料不惜笔墨描述inverlochy castle及其附近的风光，其目的显而易见：招揽游客。84. to take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the christians(基督教徒) have ever cooked up. for them, the forbidden fruit from eden is evil (邪恶的). so when columbus brought the tomato back from south america, a land mistakenly considered to be eden, everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion. wrongly taken as the apple of eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of europeans. what made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake，a plant that was thought to have come from hell (地狱). what earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a driedup human body occupied by evil spirits. though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch. cautious europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most_of_the_western_people_continued_to_drag_their_feet. in the 1880s, the daughter of a wellknown plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her fathers house had been the “introduction of this wonderful new fruitor is it a vegetable？” as late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an “evil fruit”. but in the end tomatoes carried the day.the hero of the tomato was an american named robert johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820，people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. “what are you afraid of？” he shouted. “ill show you fools that these things are good to eat！”then he bit into the tomato.some people fainted. but he survived and, according to a local story，set up a tomatocanning factory.68. the tomato was shut out of the door of early europeans mainly because _. a. it made christians evil b. it was the apple of eden c. it came from a forbidden land d. it was religiously unacceptable69. what can we infer from the underlined part in paragraph 3? a. the process of ignoring the tomato slowed down. b. there was little progress in the study of the tomato. c. the tomato was still refused in most western countries.d. most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.70. what is the main reason for robert johnson to eat the tomato publicly? a. to make himself a hero. b. to remove peoples fear of the tomato. c. to speed up the popularity of the tomato. d. to persuade people to buy products from his factory. 71. what is the main purpose of the passage? a. to challenge peoples fixed concepts of the tomato. b. to give an explanation to peoples dislike of the tomato. c. to present the change of peoples attitudes to the tomato. d. to show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence.【要点综述】本文介绍了西红柿被欧洲人视为禁果而长期受到敌视的历史渊源，而文章最后叙述的第一位在公众面前食用该禁果的先贤robert johnson的壮举则让西红柿红遍全球。68. d细节理解题。第一段先谈及苹果被基督教徒视为禁果，而和苹果外观极为