高中英语 Unit1（直接引语和间接引语讲练）学案 译林牛津版必修4.doc

英语必修4译林牛津unit 1精品学案（直接引语和间接引语讲练）直接引语和间接引语一. 定义交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一种是一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（the direct speech）, 另一种是间接地引述别人的话，称为间接引语( the indirect speech)。例如：he said, “i will choose a book from my students.” 他说：“我将为学生选一本书。”= he said that he would choose a book from his student. 他说他将为学生选一本书。二. 直接引语与间接引语的转化1. 标点符号的变化：he said to me, “dont live in london!” = he told me not to live in london.2. 语序的变化： 疑问语序变为陈述语序。he said to me, “do you live in london?”= he asked me if/whether i lived in london.3. 动词的变化： say (to) 在陈述句中多变为tell等词，在疑问句中多变为ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell, order等词，表请求时多变为ask等词。he said to me, “could you please live in london?” = he asked me if/whether i could live in london. = he asked me to live in london.4. 连接词的变化：连接词1. 陈述句用that连接he said to me, “i live in london.”= he told me that he lived in london. 2. 一般（选择，反意）疑问句用if或whether连接 l he said to me, “do you live in london?” = he asked me if/whether i lived in london.l he asked me, “do you live in london or paris?”= he asked me if/whether i lived in london or paris.l he asked me, “you live in london, dont you?”= he asked me if/whether i lived in london.3. 特殊疑问句仍用原来的特殊疑问词连接 he said to me, “when do you live in london?”= he asked me when i lived in london.5. 时态的变化：时态变化1. 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。 l he says, “i live in london.”= he says that he lives in london.l he says, “i have lived in london for years.”= he says that he has lived in london for years.2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态作如下变化：一般现在时-一般过去时一般将来时-过去将来时现在完成时-过去完成时现在进行时-过去进行时一般过去时-过去完成时l he said, “i live in london.” = he said that he lived in london.l he said, “i am living in london now.”= he said that he was living in london then.l he said, “i will live in london next year.”= he said that he would live in london the next year.l he said, “i lived in london for years.”= he said that he had lived in london for years.3. 但是过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时保持不变。l he said, “when i saw her, she was living in london.”= he said that when he saw her she was living in london.l he said, “when i got to london, she had lived there for years.”= he said that when he got to london, she had lived there for years.4. 表示过去具体年份的状语不变。l he said, “i was born in 1956.”= he said that he was born in 1956.5. 表示真理，格言，谚语等不受时间限制的句子不变。l he said, “the earth turns around the sun.”= he said that the earth turns around the sun. 6. 强调所谈情况仍然存在时不变。l she said that the bus leaves at 5:40. (公交车尚未开走)l he told me that he works as a teacher. （现在仍是教师）7. could, would, should, neednt, had better, ought to, used to等情态动词不变。l he said, “i would like to live in london.”= he said that he would like to live in london.l he said, “i used to live in london.”= he said that he used to live in london. 6. 人称代词的变化：人称代词变化1. 一主（根据引号外的主语变换引号内的人称代词）l tom said to kate, “i have finished my homework.”= tom and kate that he had already finished his homework.2. 二宾（根据引号外的宾语变换引号内的人称代词）l tom said to kate, “you speak english better than me.”= tom told kate that she spoke english better than him.3. 三不变（第三人称不变）l tom asked mike, “does she often come to school late?”= tom asked mike if/whether she often went to school late. 7. 指示代词，地点副词，动词, 时间状语的变化指示代词，地点副词，动词变化1. 指示代词的变化：thisthat thesethosel he said to me, “ive known you since you came to this place.”= he told me that he had known me since i went to that place.l he said to me, “will you come here today or tomorrow?”= he asked me if i would go there that day or the next day.l he said to me, “did you come yesterday, a few days ago or last sunday?” =he asked me if i had gone the day before, a few days before or the sunday before. l she said, “ill bring you this book next month.”=she said that he would go there again that night.l she said, “he will come here again tonight.”= she said that he would go there again that night.l he asked me, “did you leave london yesterday morning or the day before yesterday?”= he asked me if i had left london the morning before or two days before.2. 地点副词的变化：herethere nowthen3. 动词的变化：comego bringtake4. 时间状语的变化：todaythat day tonightthat nightyesterdaythe day beforeyesterday morningthe morning beforelast weekthe week beforenext weekthe next weektomorrowthe next daytomorrow morningthe next morning3 days ago3 days beforethe day after tomorrowin 2 days time高考浏览today, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world. many people ride bicycles for recreation, whereas others use them as a means of transportation. the first bicycle was invented in germany in 1818. because it was made of wood, it wasnt very strong nor did it have pedals (脚踏板）.riders moved it by pushing their feet against the ground.in 1839, kirkpatrick macmillan, a scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. macmillans machine had iron-covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down. he also used foot-operated levers, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. it didnt look much like the modem bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. although macmillans bicycles could be ridden easily, they were never produced in large numbers.in 1861, frenchman pierre michaux and his brother ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. they called their bicycle a velocipede，but most people called it a “bone shaker” because of the effect of the wood and iron frame. despite the impolite nickname, the velocipede was a hit. after a few years, the michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually, mostly for fun-seeking young people.ten years later, james starley , an english inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design. he made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient，and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy，and ridden mostly for entertainment.it wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. invented by another englishman, h. j. lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to todays cyclists. the safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it easier to ride. lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel. by 1893，the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires, a diamond-shaped frame, and easy braking. with the improvements provided by lawson; bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation. today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.31.this passage was most likely written in order to _.a.compare bicycles used for different purposesb.describe the problems early bicycle makers experiencedc.persuade readers to use bicycles for transportationd.tell readers about the early history of the bicycle【答案】d【解析】推理判断题。通观全文，第一辆自行车是于1818年在德国被发明的-1839年 kirkpatrick macmillan发明了一辆更好的自行车- 1861年法国人pierre michaux 和他的兄弟ernest 发明了一辆改进了脚踏板机械装置的自行车-两年后james starley做出了一些革新，彻底改变了自行车的设计-1874年真正的现代自行车出现了-1893年安全脚踏车被进一步改进-今天，自行车在全世界被制造，运用和喜爱。这讲的是自行车的发展史。32.macmillan covered the wheels of his bicycle with iron to _a.add weight to the bicyclebmake the bicycle easier to ridec.allow the wheels to last longerd.let the bicycle be more comfortable【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。第二段“macmillans machine had iron-covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down.” macmillan的自行车有被铁覆盖的轮子来使它免于被磨坏。所以覆盖铁是为了使车轮用的更长久。33.which of the following bicycle types was invented by james starley? 【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。第四段“he made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel,.” james starley制造的前车轮比后车轮大好几倍。和图片b相符。34 which of the following statements is true according to the passage?a.two hundred years ago，bicycles did not exist.b.the first bicycle could be ridden at a very quick pace.c.the michaux brothers called their bicycle a “bone shaker”.d.macmillans machine had wheels with rubber tires.【答案】a【解析】推理判断题。“the first bicycle was invented in germany in 1818。”第一辆自行车是在1818年被发明的，而200年前是1813年，所以那时自行车还不存在。故选a。35.the information about bicycles in this passage is arranged according to _.a.importanceb. timec. placed. interest【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。a。重要性； b.时间； c.地点； d.兴趣。 本文讲的是自行车的发展史，是逐段按时间排列出这些信息的。unit one advertising语法点津direct speech (direct narration) 直接叙述的话语，即直接引语。the style used in writing to report what someone said by repeating their actual words.reported speech (indirect speech) 转告引述的话语，即间接引语。the style used in writing to report what someone said without repeating their actual words. notes: 1 引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，通常用whether或if引导，而引述选择疑问句时，一般只能用whether引导。e.g.: “does he really mean it?”- i wondered whether/if he really meant it.“they live in groups, dont they?”- he asked whether/if they lived in groups.“is this book yours or his?”- she asked me whether this book was mine or his.2 引述特殊疑问句时，用原句中的wh-词引导。 e.g.: “why didnt you stop her?”- he asked why i hadnt stopped her.3. 引述陈述句时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常被省略）。e.g.: he said, “i like it very much.”- he said that he liked it very much.“ive left my book in your room.”- he told me that he had left his book in my room.3. 引述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变成带to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, order 等动词，如果祈使句为否定句，在不定式的前面加上not。she said to us, “please sit down.”- she asked us to sit down.he said to him, “ go away!”- he ordered him to go away.he said, “dont make so much noise, boys.”- he told the boys not to make so much noise.在将直接引语变成间接引语时要特别注意几个变化：1） 人称的变化： 间接引语是转述别人的话，说话时由于角色的不同，人称代词要根据实际情况作相应的变化。e.g. mr black said, “im busy.”- mr black said that he was busy. “do you mind my opening all your windows?” he asked us.- he asked us if we minded his opening all our windows.2) 时态的变化：如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。中主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。直接引语转换成间接引语时时态的变化例 句直 接 引 语间 接 引 语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来量过去将来时he said, im afraid i cant finish this work.he said, im using the knife.she said, i have not heard from him since may.he said; i came to help you.he said, i had finished my homework before supper.zhou lan said, i11 do it after class.he said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.he said that he was using the knife.she said that she had not heard from him since may.he said that he had come to help me.he said that he had finished his homework before supper.zhou lan said that she would do it after class.2） 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化例 句直 接 引 语间 接 引 语this thatthese thosenow thentoday that dayyesterday the day before tomorrow the next (following)dayhere therecome go she said, i will come this morning.he said, these books are mine.he said, it is nine oclock now.he said, i havent seen her today.she said, i went there yesterday.she said, “i11 go there tomorrow. ?“he said, my sister was here three days ago.she said, i will come here this evening.she said that she would go that morning.he said that those books were his.he said that it was nine oclock then.he said that he hadnt seen her that day.she said that she had gone there the day before.she said that she would go there the next (following) day.he said that his sister had been there three days before.she said that she would go there that evening. 练习一. 单项选择1. he asked _ for the violin.a. did i pay how muchb. i paid how muchc. how much did i payd. how much i paid2. someone is ringing the doorbell. go and see _.a. who is heb. who he isc. who is itd. who it is 3. can you tell me _?a. how good is his spoken englishb. how well his spoken english isc. how well he speaks englishd. how good he can speak english4. he said that he had bought the jacket_.a. before three days b. three days beforec. three days ago d. last week5. did you say_?a. that what he said was true b. that it was true that he saidc. what did he say was trued. what he said it was true6. please tell me _ from.a. where do you comeb. where you comec. where you will comed. there you come7. ask her _ come with us.a. if she willb. if or not she willc. that if she willd. whether will she8. the driver said that he _ pick _ a passenger at west street.a. will, upb. would, up c. will, out d. would, out9. he said he _ in 1993.a. has bornb. had been bornc. had born d. was born10. john _ me he was going to help me with my english.a. explainedb. spokec. toldd. said11. he asked me _ i would go to beijing by air the next day.a. that ofb. ifc. that whetherd. how12. mother asked the youngest kid _ with his toy car.a. what the matter wasb. what was the matterc. what the matter isd. what is the matter1-5. ddcba6-10 babdc11-12 bb二. 将下列直接引语改写成间接引语1. he said, “i have been here about ten times.”2. mary said, “i have sold my house in london.”3. the man said, “smoking is strictly forbidden here.”4. ann said, “she moved to paris in 1956.”5. mr. black said, “we started learning chinese last month.”6. mary said, “why didnt you stop here yesterday?”7. shaw said to ann, “your brother will give you a nice gift.”8. my wife said to me, “dont sleep with the window open.”9. i asked tom, “do you live on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor?”10. he asked, “should i go with you, linda?”11. the teacher said to the students, “water boils at 100.”12. the nurse said to grey, “leave the ward quietly.”13. he said, “how lovely the house is!”14. “would you buy me some stamps?” he said to me.15. “who left the banana skin on my desk?” said cathy.16. “are you leaving today or tomorrow morning?” said his secretary.17. she said, “how long will it take me to fly to that city?”18. “where were you last night?” she said.19. “it is foggy today,” i said.20. he said, “i must go at once.”key1. he said that he had been there about ten times.2. mary said that she had sold her house in london.3. the man said that smoking was strictly forbidden there.4. ann said that she moved to paris in 1956.5. mr. black said that they had started learning chinese the month before.6. mary asked why i hadnt stopped her the day before.7. shaw told ann that her brother would give her a nice gift.8. my wife told me not to sleep with the windows open.9. i asked tom whether he lived on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor.10. he asked linda whether he should go with her.11. the teacher told the students that water boils at 100.12. the nurse told grey to leave the ward quietly.13. he said how lovely the house was.14. he asked me to buy some stamps for him.15. cathy asked who had left the banana skin on her desk.16. his secretary asked whether he was leaving that day or the next morning.17. she asked how long it would take her to fly to that city.18. she asked where i had been the night before.19. i said that it was foggy that day.20. he said that he would have to go at once. unit one advertising一、直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，用连词whether或if引导引语部分作宾语从句。如： 1) the teacher asked me,are you the monitor? the teacher asked me if / whether i was the monitor. 老师问我是否是班长。 2)do you want me to help you? she asked me. she asked if i wanted her to help me. 她问我是否要她帮忙。 二、直接引语如果是选择疑问句，变成间接引语时，一般用whether引导。如： 3) mother asked me, do you like the dress or the skirt? mother asked me whether i liked the dress or the skirt. 妈妈问我是喜欢套装还是喜欢裙子。 4) li ming asked tom, are you going to buy the dictionary or the magazine? li ming asked tom whether he was going to buy the dictionary or the magazine.李明问汤姆他是要买词典还是要买杂志。 三、直接引语如果是反意疑问句，变成间接引语时，可以用if或whether引导。如果主句中的谓语动词是said，要改为asked，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him或us等。如： 5)the red star over china is a popular book, isnt it? she said. she asked (me) if / whether the red star over china was a popular book. 她问我红星照中国是否是一本很流行的书。 6)you are good at english songs, are you? the teacher said to hang lij