高考英语 经典陷阱题大串讲 逗号.doc

2013高考英语经典陷阱题大串讲逗号1. it was his word and action, but not his appearance, _ moved us deeply.a. thatb. whichc. whod. as【分析】许多同学会受空格前面逗号的影响，认为此句是非限制性定语从句，对前面的his word and action 或his appearance进行说明，从而将答案误选为b、c或d。而事实上，此题的正确答案为a，整个句子是it was that 强调句型，强调his word and action, but not his appearance 部分。判断这类句子的最佳办法是将句子中的it was 及空格同时去掉，看其留下的部分是否还成为一个句子。若是一个完整的句子，则是强调句型；若不能成为完整的句子，则可能是定语从句或主语从句。2. _ is reported, the project was completed yesterday.a. itb. asc. thisd. what【分析】许多同学会忽略了句子中间的逗号而认为此题是主语从句，于是将答案误选为a。把it当作句子的形式主语，况且it is reported 也是一个常用句型，读起来也很有英语语感。而事实上，答案选错了，因为在主语从句中的连接词that不能省略。正确答案应该选b，构成一个非限制性定语从句。3. the purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. a. not makeb. not to makec. not makingd. do not make【分析】许多同学会一看到句子中的逗号就会想到此题是考查非谓语动词表结果的用法：现在分词表结果时，跟句子间可用逗号隔开；而不定式表结果时，与句子间常不用逗号。于是将答案误选为 c。其实，在此句中，逗号相当于连词and 或 but, not to make it more difficult是与逗号前面不定式 to make it easier相并列，对之进行补充或说明，因此答案应该选b。全句的意思是：新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，并不是使生活变得更困难。两个不定式在句子中作表语说明主语的内容。有如此用法的词还有 idea, suggestion, hope, goal, aim, dream 等，如：(1) my idea is to visit the museum, _ to the park.a. not gob. not goingc. not to god. do not go(2) my dream is not to live on the earth but _ on the moon.a. liveb. livingc. to lived. being living同学们不难看出，以上两题的答案都是c。但值得一提的是：不定式并列作表语时，若否定的不定式在前而肯定的不定式在后，一般须用but连接，而不用逗号。4. if a book is in english, _ means slow progress for you.a. asb. whichc. whatd. that【分析】许多同学会忽略句首的if，根据空格前面的逗号判断填空句为一个非限制性定语从句，于是将答案误选为b或a；其实，此题得正确答案应该选d。逗号前是一个条件句，逗号后面应该要有该状语从句的主句，that在此代表前面的内容，作句子的主语。现在请看下列几道题：(1) if he is only interested in your books, _ just shows how shallow he is.a. asb. whichc. whatd. that(2) if you want to go, _ is quite all right with me.a. thatb. whichc. and itd. so(3) when i say two hours, _ includes time for eating.a. asb. whichc. whatd. that(4) if you want a double room, _ will cost another $ 15.a. asb. whichc. whatd. that(5) if you have the money, _ will be ok. a. thatb. whichc. and itd. so(6)unless im very much mistaken, _ is my watch you are wearing. a. asb. whichc. whatd. that它们的答案也应该选 that，而不应该选 which。5. there were a lot of people in the reading-room, most of _ with their heads bent down over their books.a. themb. whomc. thatd. which【分析】许多同学会根据句子中的逗号，想当然地认为这是考查非限制性定语从句，从而将答案误选为 b。但事实上，逗号后面由于没有谓语动词，根本不是完整的句子，而是一个“代词 + 动词的过去分词”的独立主格结构，因此，正确答案应该选 a。6. not far from the school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing chess with his grandson every afternoon.a. itsb. whosec. whichd. that【分析】此题与上一题相似，许多同学会根据句子中的逗号，想当然地认为这是考查非限制性定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后面的名词owner，从而将答案误选为 b。从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但事实上，逗号后面由于没有谓语动词，根本不是完整的句子。尽管句子中优两个动词(seated和playing)，然而它们并不是谓语动词，而都是非谓语动词，在句子中作定语，修饰说明名词owner。因此，逗号后面是一个“代词 + 动词的过去分词”的独立主格结构，正确答案应该选 a。现在请看下面两个类似的句子：(1) he wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages.a. itb. themc. whichd. that(2) he wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.a. itb. themc. whichd. that(3) he wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages.a. itb. themc. whichd. that第 (1) 题的答案应该选 b，而不能选 c。因为，句子中translated是非谓语动词，不能充当句子的谓语，从而可确定逗号后面部分不是句子，故答案不能选c；第 (2) 题答案应该c，因为逗号后面部分由于有were translated作谓语，从而使后面部分构成定语从句来说明novels的情况；第 (3) 题的答案应该选 b，因为逗号后面虽然有 were translated，但是还有连词 and，从而使前后两个句子成为并列句，而不是主从复合句，故答案应该选c。从上面可以看出：在给句子选择答案时，不仅要注意标符号，同时，也还要注意句子的结构。7. it is his dog, according to li lei, _ saved him from the trap.a. whob. whichc. thatd. what【分析】许多同学会认为这是考查定语从句，先行词是 his dog 或 li lei，于是将答案误选为a、b，其实，这是一个强调句型，是对主语his dog 进行强调，因此，正确答案应该选 c。8. the children are having a good time, _ with sand, others with toys.a.