高考英语 热门考点强化专练 阅读理解（三十八）（含解析）.doc

2013高考英语热门考点强化专练：阅读理解（三十八）（含解析）（一）does a drink a day keep heart attacks away? over the past 20 years, numerous studies have found that moderate alcohol consumption, say, one or two beers, glasses of wine or cocktails daily helps to prevent coronary heart disease. last week a report in the new england journal of medicine added strong new evidence in suport of that theory. more important, the work provided the first solid indiction of how alcohol works to protect the heart.in the study, researchers from bostons brigham and womens hospital and harvard medical school compared the drinking habits of 340 men and women who had suffered recent heart attack with those of healthy people of the same age and sex. the scientists found that people who sip one to three drinks a day are about half as likely to suffer heart attacks as nondrinkers are. the apparent source of the protection: those who drank alcohol had higher blood levels of highdensity lipoproteins, the socalled good cholesterol, which is known to prevent heart disease.as evidence has mounted, some doctors have begun recommending a daily drink for patients of heart diseases. but most physicians are not ready to reommend a regular happy hour for everyone. the risks of teetotalling(绝对戒酒) are nothing compared with the dangers of too much alcohol, including high blood pressure, strokes and liver troublesnot to mention violent behaviour and traffic accidents. moreover, some studies suggest that even moderate drinking may increase the incidence of breast and colon cancer. until there is evidence that the benefits of a daily dose of alcohol outweigh the risks, most people wont be able to take a doctors prescription to the neighbourhood bar or liquor store.1.the medical article quoted in the first paragraph indicates .a. the way in which alcohol can help the heart b. how a couple of cocktails daily can stop heart problemsc. why alcoholic drinks are dangerous to ones health d. that reports on the advantages of alcohol were misled2.experiments showed that nondrinkers had .a.larger amounts of good cholesterol b.smaller amounts of good cholesterolc.higher blood pressure d.lower blood pressure3.according to the passage, moderate drinking .a. is recommended by most doctors for heart patients b. should be allowed on prescriptionc. is still not medically advisable d. is not related to liver problems4.the main theme of this passage is .a. the change in recent drinking habits b. the connection between cancer and alcoholc. whether moderate drinkers outlive nondrinkers d. whether alcohol may be good for ones health（二）across the globe, single parent homes are on the rise. in the us, the 2000 census (人口普查) showed 24.8 million, or nearly 24 percent of the nations 105.5 million households, were traditional two-parent homes. by comparison, 9.8 million households, or 9 percent of all us households were headed by an adult raising a child alone. the 1990 census showed 26 percent of homes were led by a married mother and father, and 8 percent of homes were led by a single parent.similar increases occurred in other countries. in the uk, lone-parent homes increased from 3.3 percent in 1990 to 5.5 percent in 1999. single parent households in australia rose from 5.8 percent in 1990 to 7.6 percent in 1999. belgium saw the increase from 1.8 percent to 2.7 percent during the same period of time. these countries tend to have greater acceptance of the single parent because there are fewer nearby family members to disapprove, riche, a census bureau director, said.just as in the us, those changes raised new questions about how involved govenment should be in helping single parent families. some research suggests children raised in two-parent families are better off than those who depend on one. “the position of one-parent families in any country is very much a gender (性别) issue-womens opportunities, especially working-class women on low income,” said sue cohen, coordinator (协调员) of the single action parents network in england.5.not considering the exact number of the single-parent families, which country saw the fastest rise rate in 1999, compared with 1990?a.uk. b.australia. c.america. d.belgium.6.what is the cause of the rise of single parent families across the globe?a.the nearby family members have a favourable opinion.b.a lone parent is well off enough to support his /her children.c.a lot of problems have arisen in two-parent families.d.we cannot get enough proving information from the text.7.which of the following is true about the increase of single parent families according to the passage?a.it will somewhat limit the growing population of younger generation.b.governments should take actions about the social problems brought about by it.c.single parent families are not looked down upon in any country mentioned here.d.generally speaking, the single parents neednt worry since they are highly paid.8.which of the following diagrams correctly shows the rise of single parent families in the us from1990 to 2000? （三）in some urban centers, workaholism is so common that people do not consider it unusual:they accept the lifestyle as normal. government workers in washington d.c, for example, frequently work sixty to seventy hours a week. they dont do this because they have to; they do it because they want to.workaholism can be a serious problem. because true workaholics would rather work than do anything else, they probably dont know how to relax.is workaholism always dangerous? perhaps not. there are, certainly, people who work well under stress. some studies show that many workaholies have great energy and interest in life. their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. for most workaholics, work and entertainment keep them busy and creative.why do workaholics enjoy their jobs so much? there are several advantages to work. of course, it provides people with paychecks, and this is important. but it offers more than financial security. it provides people with selfconfidence; they have a feeling of satisfaction when theyre produced a challenging piece of work and are able to say,“i made that.” psychologists claim that work gives people an identity through participation in work, they get a sense of self and individualism. in addition, most jobs provide people with a socially acceptable way to meet others. perhaps some people are compulsive about their work, but their addiction seems to be a safe-even an advantageous-one.9.the passage indicates that workaholics .a.just know work but nothing elseb.are willing to work hard for long hours without payc.find their work provide them more satisfaction and selfconfidence than how much they are paidd.has the work with more responsibility than others10.one of the reasons that some people are not willing to quit their jobs even in their eighties and nineties is that a.they are in the need of financial securityb.they would rather work than be disturbed by domestic affairsc.they long for a sense of identity and being accomplishedd.they may have health problems from sheer boredom11.this passage is mainly about .a.workaholics are usually successful people, but their lives are in a mess b.workaholism can lead to serious problems but it can also create a joyful lifec.people who are absorbed in their work may enjoy movies, sports and other kinds of entertainmentd.those who work even under difficult conditions may be very happy12.it can be inferred from the passage that . a.in the eyes of all the common people workaholics are peculiarb.to workaholics, work is the sole source of happinessc.a piece of challenging work may provide the workaholics a sense of satisfactiond.workaholics are as addicted to their job as other people are to drugs or alcohol（四）more surprising,perhaps, than the present difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving.as skolnick notes,americans are a marrying people: relative to europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. moreover, after a drop in the early 1915s,the rate of marriage in the united states is now increasing. even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this promarriage context: some 30 percent of divorced individuals remarry. thus, marriage remains by far the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.what has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. twentyfive years ago, the typical american family was made up of a husband, a wife, and two or three children.now,there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. and there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes former marriage, or the husbands, or both.sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses (配偶).thus, one can find every type of family arrangement. there are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the persent marriage; marriages with “fulltime” children from both the present and former marriages; marriages with “fulltime” children from the present marriage and “parttime” children from former marriages. there are stepfathers, stepmothers, halfbrothers, and halfsisters.it is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! these are great changes from the traditional nuclear family.but even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most americans spend most of their adult lives married.13.by calling american marrying people the author means that . a.americans are more traditional than europeans b.americans expect more out of marriage than europeansc.there are more married couples in u.s.a. than in europed.more of americans,as compared with europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age14.divorced americans .a.prefer the way they live b.will most likely remarry c.have lost faith in marriage d.are the vast majority of people in the society15.which of the following can be presented as the picture of todays american families?a.many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.b.a typical american family is made up of only a husband and a wife.c.americans prefer to have more kids than before. d.there are no nuclear families any more.16.“part time”children .a.spend some of their time with their half brothers and some of their time with their halfsistersb.spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriagec.are shared between the two former spouses d.cannot stay with “fulltime” children17.even though great changes have taken place in the structure of american families, .a.the vast majority of americans still have faith in marriage b.the functions of marriage remain unchanged c.most americans prefer a second marriage d.most divorced americans would rather not remarry【答案与解析】1.b 第一段第一句是一个问题，第二句是对这个问题的回答。然后在第三句话中作者又引用了新英格兰医学杂志上的一篇文章来进一步支持这一理论，故b为正确答案。2.b 作者在第二段中先对实例进行对比。在本段最后一句指出，明显的保护源是饮酒者的高密脂蛋白中的含量更高，即所谓的好的胆固醇高，可抑止心脏病。由此推知不饮酒者的“好的胆固醇少”，这正是b的内容。3.c 由最后一段可知，即使是适当饮酒，也有两种不同的态度：有些医生建议心脏病患者每天喝上一点，可大多数医生并不准备这么做。此外，有的研究报告指出适当饮酒可能增加乳房和结肠癌的患病率。由此可知，c为正确答案。4.d 全文主要说明饮酒是否对健康有好处。5.a 第二段交待英国单亲家庭上涨比例最大（2.2%）。6.d 文章涉及更多的是现象，而未提及原因。7.b 文章第三段第一句说明b项正确。其他均不符合文章。8.c 从文章第一段可知美国1999年单亲家庭比例是8%，2000年是9%。9.c 根据第二段第二句true workaholics would rather work than do anything else.可知工作狂只是更愿意工作，而非只知道工作，a说法过于绝对。根据第四段第三句：it provides people with paychecks