高考英语二轮 语法学案（19）（句子成分训练题）（配答案或解析）.doc

2013高考英语：（19）二轮语法学案（句子成分）（训练题配答案或解析）1句子的成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分(members of the sentence)。总的说来，句子皆由两大部分组成。一是主语部分(su bject group)一是谓语部分(predicate group)， eg：the peoples republic of china was born in 1949中华人民共和国成立于1949年。 句中的the peoples republic of china即是主语部分。was born in1949即是谓语部分。但句子的成分要比句子的两大部分更加明确具体，可分为主语、谓语(或谓语动词)、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、独立成分等。eg：the weather was quite nice天气相当好。(the weather是主语，was是谓语动词nice是表语quite是状语) i need a quiet room to study in我需要一间安静的屋子来学习。(i是主语，need是谓语或谓语动词，room是宾语quiet是定语，to study in是补足语)in a fierce shootout five criminals were shot dead在一次猛烈交火中。五个罪犯被打死。(in a fierce shoot out是状语，dead是主语补足语) unfortunatelyhe had his watch stolen很不幸，他的表被偷了。(unfortunately是独立成分stolen是宾语补足语)词类与句子的成分不同。前者纯指单词的分类，后者则指词类、短语、从句等在句子中的功能。词类中也只有具有实义的词类，如名词、代词、数词、动词、形容词和副词等，才可用作句子的成分。其他无实义的虚词，如冠词、连词和介词等，则不可用作句子的成分。 2主语 主语(su bject)是一个句子的主题(theme)是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。(1)名词用作主语。 eg：little streams feed big rivers小河流人大江。a tree has fallen across the road一株树倒下横在路上。(2)代词用作主语。 eg：youre not far wrong你差不多对了。he told ajoke but打fe“fiat他说了一个笑话但没有引人发笑。(3)数词作主语。 eg：threes enough三个就够了。four from seven leaves three7减去4等于3。(4)名词化的形容词用作主语。 eg： the idle are forced to work懒汉被迫劳动。old and young marched side by side老少并肩而行。(5)不定式用作主语。 eg：to find your way is very important你找到路非常重要。it would be nice to see him again如能再见到他那将是一件愉快的事。(6)动名词用作主语。 eg：smoking is bad for you吸烟对你有害。 waching a film is a pleasure；making olle is hard work看电影是乐事制作影片则是苦事。(7)名词化的过去分词用作主语。 eg：the disabled are to receive more money残疾人将得到更多的救济金。 the deceased died of old age死者死于年老。(8)从句用作主语。 eg：whenever you are ready will be fine你不论什么 时候准备好都行。 because sally wants to leave doesnt meall that we have to不能说因为 萨利要走因而我们也得走。(9)当主语为不定式、动名词或从句时可用形式主语it来代替而将真正主语放后面。 eg： it is a great joy to battle against difficulty与困难作斗争，其乐无穷。 il is no use trying to keep him in bed劝他卧床休息是没有用的。 it is known to us all that the earth travels around the sun地球绕太阳转这是众所周知的。特别提醒：(1)the+形容词(过去分词)表示“一类人”时。谓语动词用复数。 (2)从句作主语时，从句之前须有引导词且语序用陈述语序。 (3)不定式与动名词作主语时，其意义不同。动名词作主语表示抽象的、 一般的事情；而不定式作主语表示一次具体的行为。考题1 (典型例题) nothing to do with us. a. what he did is b. what he has done c. what did he do d. what he has done has考题2 (典型例题)_ _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. a. exposed b. having exposed c. being exposed d. after being exposed考题3 ( 典型例题 分 ) sometimes keeps her awake at night tom is getting more and more quiet at home.a. that; which b. it; that c. whether; what d. what; that考题4 ( 典型例题 分 ) toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but didnt help. a. he b. which c. she d: it考题1点拨；答案为d。解此题关键要清楚从句作主语同时have nothing to do with“与有关系”为田定搭配。句意为：。他所做的事情与我们无关。”考题2点拨:答案为c。动名词作主语。a为过去分词。不能作主语。d也不能作主语。b应改为被动语态。句意为：。暴露在阳光下太久时皮肤没有好处。”考题3点拨：答案为b。lt用作形式主语。而that从句为真正主语放在句子后面。句意为：“汤姆在家里越来越安静了。这让她晚上睡不着。”专题4点拨：答素为d。考查it指代前面提到的事。句意为：“汤姆的妈妈一直告诉他。要他好好学习但是没有用。”总结提示:特别注意：语法中的(5)(6)(8)(9)四务讲解。*结束第一节: 语法和词汇知识（共2 5小题：每小题1分，满分25分）从a、b、c、d四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1. the machine is easy to _. all you need to do is just push this button. a. operate b. be operated c. being operated d. operating 2. -oh, look! our school campus is under construction. -yes. and the large library _ , too. a. is built b. is being built c. has been built d. is building 3. _ good service, the restaurant offers various traditional dishes. a. rather than b. instead of c. regardless of d. apart from 4. little _ that he had made such a serious mistake until he checked up the bill. a. he realized b. he didnt realize c. did he realize d. he did realize 5. bob _ high in that test, but he didnt have enough time to prepare. a. could have scored b. must have scored c. may score d. would score 6. -im going to have a job interview tomorrow. - really? _! a. sounds good b. congratulations c. good luck d. enjoy yourself 7. _, i say, will happen to me is none of your business. a. no matter what b. whatever c. what d. whichever 8. who would you rather have _ that job at all in future? a. did b. have done c. do d. should do 9. when i went in , she remained _there _ to music. a. seatinglistened b. seatedlistening c. seatedlistened d. sittinglistened 10it seemed as if he was the very one _. a. to blame. b. should be blamed c. was to blame d . is to be blamed 11 _ monitor is an honor to her, which made her proud.a. her elected b. her being elected c. she being elected d. she is elected12being discouraged is no good for you, so you should _ such feelings. a. put down b. put off c. put away d. put up with13 she was tired, and she didnt walk any further then, and _. a. so he did b. so did i c. neither did i d. so it was with me 14 -what do you think of the essay, tom? -sorry, i cant make any _. a. meaning b. understanding c. sense d. idea 15. _by keeping down the expenses can the firm maintain its business. a. only b. if only c. only if d. just 16. the housing price is still rising, buterif i _much money! a. have b. had c. will have d. had had17. when settling the problem a second time, youd better be more careful _ you made mistakes. a. when b. in case c. wherever d. where 18it looks like my teacher, but i dont remember him _ a pair of glasses. a. wear b. to wear c. wearing d. wore19. it made john discouraged _ many companies rejected his application. a. 不填 b. that c. when d. what 20-its a simple problem, isnt it?-yeah, but finding a solution to it is _easy. a. far from b. close to c. free from d. more than21. judging from his performances, he will never