高考虚拟语气考点汇集与练习.doc

考点聚焦虚拟语气 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：Tense条件状语从句/As if(thought)/If only 从句/wish宾语从句/would rather 从句主句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + V.pp与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + v.与将来事实相反一般过去时;(万一)should(were to) + V.would/should/could/might + v.（2）混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句， 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)(3)省略if的部分倒装式从句,即“were / had / should +主语”，主句不变。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.（4）含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.(5)if it were( had been )not for = without/but for .句型中的虚拟语气,意为要不是由于。If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt. （6）以lest, for fear that, in case引出的从句，动词用（should） +动词原形，表示“惟恐”的意思。He took an umbrella with him lest it should rain. He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemys hands.Heres some money in case you should need it.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用（should） + 动词原形。如：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she (should) be operated.His father insists she (should) learn music after she leaves school.注意：当suggest表示暗示，说明之意；insist表示坚持认为，坚持说之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advice、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request、preference等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“（should） + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：incredible, advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful./ duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame /decided, demanded, recommended, requested, required, ordered, suggested.It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(ordered, proposed, etc.)that she should finish herhomework this afternoon.注意：如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you cant swim.3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或 should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该”。如：Its time that I picked up my daughter. Its high time we were going.（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如： If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice.（4）would rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）Id rather he didnt go now.Id rather you hadnt done it.二、精典名题导解选择填空 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (NMET 95)A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.(NMT94) A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。3. If he _, he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)A.was warned; would not take B.had been warned; would not have takenC.would be warned; had not takenD.would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。英语语法虚拟语气专项练习一、单项选择1.IfIhadhadenoughtime,I_mywork.A.wouldfinish B.musthavefinished C.wouldhavefinished D.hadfinished2.Tenminutesearlier,they_theplane.A.willcatch B.wouldcatch C.wouldhavecaught D.willhavecaught3.MrGreenrequiresthatthestudents_acompositioneveryotherweek.A.write B.writen C.wouldwrite D.willwrite4.Hadhestudiedhard,he_theexam.A.wouldpass B.couldpass C.hadpassed D.wouldhavepassed5.IwishI_whatishappeningthereinhisroom.A.know B.known C.knew D.shouldknow6.Itisimportantthatyou_sportseveryday.A.have B.wouldhave C.musthave D.willhave7.Iftherewerenowaterintheworld,everything_.A.willdie B.woulddie C.wouldhavedied D.wouldhavebeendead8._whatwasgoingtohappen,Iwouldneverhaveleftheralone.A.HadIknown B.IfIknow C.IfIknew D.IfhadIknown9.Heorderedthatthework_rightaway.A.shouldfinish B.finished C.wouldbefinished D.befinished10.Shallwegotothemovietonight?No,Idrather_athomewithourbaby.Youdbetternotleaveittothebabysitteratnight.A.youstayed B.youstay C.stayed D.stay11._inyourposition,Iwouldhelphim.A.WasI B.WereI C.IfIam D.IfIhadbeen12.I_,butIwasstoppedbytheheavyrain.A.meantocome B.meanttocome C.hadmeanttocome D.meantcoming13.MrsBlackinsists_inthatoldhotel.A.nottostay B.notstaying C.stayingnot D.thatshenotstay14.Ifyouhadspokenclearly,youwould_.A.understandit B.haveunderstood C.beunderstood D.havebeenunderstood15.Ifyou_thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldntbesosleepy.A.haventwatched B.hadntwatched C.didntwatch D.wouldnthavewatched16.TheforeignfriendspeaksChinesesowellasifhe_aChinese.A.is B.be C.should beD.was17.Ifhe_,he_thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottake B.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenC.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken18.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftodaysadvancedtechnology_achieved.A.willnotbe B.wouldnotbe C.wouldnothavebeen D.cannothavebeen二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空1.Ifyou_(arrive)tenminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.2.Itstimethatwe_(go)totherailwaystation.3.Ifthey_(nothelp)us,ourexperimentwouldhavefailed.4.Yourefiveminuteslate.Isuggestedthatyou_(come)earliertomorrow.5.Matheroftentellsusthatitisnecessarythatwe_(drink)aglassofwaterafterwegetup.6.Sheinsistedthatshe_(send)toworkinthefarawaysmalltown.7._Inot_(forget)histelephonenumber,Iwouldhaverunghim.8.Heisbusynow.Ifhe_(be)free,he_(go)withyou.9.Themanagerwasinhisofficethen.Ifhe_(be)here,everything_(settle)inaminute.10.Noisyasitwas,hewentonreadingasifnothing_(happen).三、完成句子(每空一词)1.真想不到我们俩会在这里见面.Itsstrangethatwe_here.2.如果没有参加玛丽的生日聚会的话,我们彼此就不会认识了.IfwehadnttakenpartinMarysbirthdayparty,we_eachother.3.这么近的路,我们应该步行到车站来.是啊,根本没必要乘出租车.We_tothestation,itwassonear.Yes.Ataxiwasntatallnecessary.4.万一明天下雨的话,我们将不得不推迟参观颐和园._itraintomorrow,we_toputoffthevisittotheSummerPalace.四、句型转换1.Itisnecessaryforcollegestudentstomasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.Itisnecessary_collegestudents_atleastoneforeignlanguage.2.Withoutsunlight,therewouldbeneitherplantsnoranimals._sunlight,therewouldbeneitherplantsnoranimals.3.Sheinsistedontranslatingthesentencethisway.Sheinsistedthatthesentence_thisway.4.Thestudentssuggestedgoingthereonfoot.Thestudents