高三英语二轮复习专题突破精品训练阅读理解15.doc

2014届高三英语二轮复习专题突破精品训练：阅读理解a the british psychoanalyst john bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. some people have drawn the conclusion from bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails， and many people do believe this. but there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. for example， we saw earlier that among the ngoni the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it. secondly， common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if parents， caretakers found children had problems with it. statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out， and even if they were， the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.thirdly， in the last decade， there have been a number of careful american studies of children in day care， and they have reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. but tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. but bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. the possibility that such care might lead to, say，more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. at the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. the matter， then，is far from clear-cut，though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.51.this passage primarily argues that _.a infants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schools.b whether children under the age of three should be sent to nursery schools.c there is not negative long-term effect on infants who are sent to school before they are three.d there is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school after the age of three.52.the phrase “predispose to” （para. 1，line 2） most probably means _.a tend to suffer b get into c get into dispose to d lead to53.according to bowlbys analysis，it is quite possible that _.a childrens personalities will be changed to some extent through separation from their parents.b children will be exposed to many negative effects from early day care later on.c early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children. d some long-term effects can hardly be reduced from childrens development.54.it is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that _.a traditional societies separate the child from the parent at an early age.b children in modern societies cause more troubles than those in traditional societies.c a child did not live together with his parents among the ngoni.d children in some societies did not have emotional problems when separated from the parents.55.the writer concludes that _.a it is difficult to make clear what is the right age for nursery school.b it is not settled now whether early care is reasonable for children.c it is not beneficial for children to be sent to nursery school.d it is reasonable to subject a child above three to nursery school. btheres an energy crisis in america, and it has nothing to do with fossil fuels. millions of us get up each morning already weary over the day holds. “i just cant get started.” people say. but its not physical energy that most of us lack. sure, we could all use extra sleep and a better diet. but in truth, people are healthier today than at any time in history. i can almost guarantee that if you long for more energy, the problem is not with your body.what youre seeking is not physical energy. its emotional energy. yet, sad to say life sometimes seems designed to exhaust our supply. we work too hard. we have family obligations (义务). we encounter (遭遇) emergencies and personal crises. no wonder so many of us suffer from emotional fatigue (疲劳), a kind of utter exhaustion of the spirit.and yet we all know people who are filled with joy, despite the unpleasant circumstances of their lives. even as a child i observed people who were poor or disabled or ill, but who nevertheless faced life with optimism and vigor (活力). consider laura hillenbrand, who despite an extremely weak body wrote the best-seller seabiscuit. hillenbrand barely had enough physical energy to drag herself out of bed to write. but she was fueled by having a story she wanted to share. it was emotional energy that helped her succeed. unlike physical energy, which is finite (有限的) and diminishes (减少) with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringing. so how do you get it? you cant simply tell yourself to be positive. you must take action. here are six practical strategies that work.1. do something new.very little thats new occurs in our lives. the impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge: its like a tire(轮胎) with a slow leak（漏）. you dont notice it at first, but eventually youll get a flat. its up to you to plug the leakeven though there are always a dozen reasons to stay stuck in your dull routines of life. thats where maura, 36, a waitress, found herself a year ago. fortunately, maura had a lifelinea group of women friends who meet regularly to discuss their lives. their lively discussions spurred maura to make small but nevertheless life altering changes. she joined a gym in the next town. she changed her look with ashort haircut and new black t-shirts. eventually, maura gathered the courage to quit her job and start her own business. heres a challenge: if its something you wouldnt ordinarily do, do it. try a dish youve never eaten. listen to music youd ordinarily tune out. youll discover these small things add to your emotional energy.2. reclaim lifes meaning.so many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale (厌倦的). the first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do something about it. a case in point is ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. “i mistakenly believed that all the money i made would mean something.” she says. “but i feel lost, like a 22-year-old wondering what to do with her life.” ivys solution? she started a program that shows wall streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. in the process, ivy filled her life with meaning.3. put yourself in the fun zone.most of us grown-ups are seriously fun-deprived（缺乏的）. high-energy people have the same day-to-day work as the rest of us, but they manage to find something enjoyable in every situation. a real estate broker i know keeps herself amused on the job by mentally redecorating the houses she shows to clients（客户）. “i love imagining what even the most run-down house could look like with a little tender loving care,” she says. “its a challengeand the least desirable properties are usually the most fun.” we all define fun differently, of course, but i can guarantee this: if you put just a bit of it into your day, you energy will increase quickly.4. bid farewell （告别）to guilt and regret.everyones past is filled with regrets that still cause pain. but from an emotional energy point of view, they are dead weights that keep us from moving forward. while they cant merely be willed away, i do recommend you remind yourself that whatever happened in the past, nothing can change that. holding on to the memory only allows the damage to continue into the present.5. make up your mind.say youve been thinking about cutting your hair short. will it look stylishor too extreme? you endlessly think it over. having the decision hanging over your head is a huge energy drain. every time you cant decide, you burden yourself with alternatives. quit thinking that you have to make the right decision; instead, make a choice and dont look back.6. give to get.emotional energy has a kind of magical quality: the more you give, the more you get back. this is the difference between emotional and physical energy with the latter. you have to get it to be able to give it. with the former, however, you get it by giving it. start by asking everyone you meet, “how are you?” as if you really want to know, and then listen to the reply. be the one who hears. most of us also need to smile more often. if you dont smile at the person you love first thing in the morning, youre sucking energy out of your relationship. finally, help another personand make the help real, concrete. give a massage to someone you love, or cook her dinner, then, expand the circle to work. try asking yourself what youd do if your goal were to be helpful rather than efficient. after all, if its true that what goes around comes around, why not make sure that whats circulating around you is the good stuff?56. laura hillenbrand is an example quoted to show how _ in life.a. physical energy can contribute to ones unsuccessb. emotional energy can contribute to ones successc. physical energy can contribute to ones successd. emotional energy can contribute to ones unsuccess57. the author believes emotional energy is _.a. inherited and genetically determined b. related to inherited and genesc. not inherited and genetically determined d. related to inherited and upbringing58. even small changes people make in their lives _ their emotional energy.a. cannot help control b. cannot help increase c. can help control d. can help increase 59. ivy filled her life with meaning by launching a program to _. a. help herself b. teach herself c. teach poor children d. help poor children60. the real-estate broker the author knows enjoyed _.a. redecorating the houses b. mentally redecorating the housesc. the same day-to-day work d. defining fun differentlybbbcd bcddbdo you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? the collection of happiness actions broadly categorized(把归类) as honor help you create this life of good feelings. heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness. say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. if we keep silent, and profit from the clerks mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky(卑鄙的) excitement. later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. on the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. we would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul. then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness? in the first case, where we dont tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. in the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. we would also demonstrate(演示) that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. we damage our own reputations by telling others. in contrast, bringing the error to the clerks attention causes different things to happen. immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility. there is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. and its easy to think and act honorably again when were happy. while the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once its started, its easy to continue. keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.50. according to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our_. a. self-respect b. financial rewards c. advertising ability d. friendly relationship51. the author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to_.a. lying b. stealing c. cheating d. advertisi52. the underlined phrase bringing the error to the clerks attention means_.a. telling the truth to the clerk b. offering advice to the clerkc. asking the clerk to be more attentive d. reminding the clerk of the charged item53. how will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistakea. well be very excited. b. well feel unfortunate.c. well have a sense of honor. d. well feel sorry for the clerk.54. which of the following can be the best title of this passage?a. how to live truthfully b. importance of peacefulnessc. ways of gaining self-respect d. happiness through honorable actionsbpsychology(心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. in large hospitals, modern therapy（疗法） seems to focus on the physical disease. patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. some doctors have recognized this as a problem. they are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. the patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight. the doctor knows that a disease affects a patients body physically. the body of the patient changes because of the disease. he is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. the medical treatment might cure the patients physical problems, but the patients mind must fight the emotional ones. for example, the studies of one doctor, carl simonton, m. d., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. she typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. therefore, a doctors treatment must help the patient change that. simontons method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient. the attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an x-ray treatment, can become more positive. the physician who is following simontons psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor（肿瘤） in the body. in the mental picture, the patient sees a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. the patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. for another cancer patient, dr. simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. the patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. both the medical therapy and the patients positive attitude fight the disease. doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. however, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. they become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease. another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. at first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. the patient thinks only about one thing. he becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠状态）. then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. the patients mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. in this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment. doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. for example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. the right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. such treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. asthma （哮喘） is an example of a chronic disorder. asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. the patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. after suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily. physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. for example, dr. basil r. collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in sydney, australia,