广东省汕头市金山中学高二英语下学期期末考试(1).doc

金山中学2013-2014年度高二下学期期末试题英 语语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分)第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意然后从115各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。when i walk through the streets of san franciscos business districts, white people stare at me as if i were a circus clown.their staring eyes dont see that i get _1_ as in school, or that i am a captain of the football team, or that i belong to _2_youth organizations. all they see is that i am 6-foot-4, young, black, and male-a potential _3_to them.white men look at me as if i am up to no good, or as if they are _4_to me. white women just look at me with_5_, say, sometimes they cross the street when they see my friends and me coming, or walk in the street and only get back on the sidewalk after we _6_.many people come to san francisco to get away from the stereotypes(成见) of the cities they were born and _7_ in. the majority of the blacks and latinos who live in this city dont have that luxury.how can you feel at home when people are_8_telling you to get back to africa or mexico -or just back to “where you belong”?my way of dealing with this kind of thing has _9_over the years. in the past, when my friends and i would walk the streets and a hundred pairs of white eyes would look at me as if we were the lowest form of dirt, it would make us angry enough to hurt or _10_them. now im more likely to use _11_ to defend myself against those eyes. to women who clutch their purse in terror, ill say, “man, i aint gonna do anything to you, i got money in my pocket!” my cousin has even started wearing a t-shirt _12_ in big letters, “no, white lady, i dont want your purse.” the most painful thing is when we get those_13_ stares from black people, especially elderly ones. i want o say to them, “were black, too. why would we do something to you?”usually i react more _14_to all of this than a lot of my friends do. some of them, so brainwashed, just think its part of life and that there is nothing you can do. but for me, thats not good enough. i just cant stand it when every day a hundred pair of eyes tell you youre not_15_. 1a. hardlyb. mostlyc. merelyd. particularly2a. social b. local c. positive d. new3a. danger b. treasure c. gift d. neighbor4a. better b. close c. perfect d. superior5a. fear b. interest c. honor d. despair6a. run b. walk c. pass d. move7a. known b. developed c. raised d. located8a. honestlyb. constantly c. hopefully d. freely9a. changed b. formed c. strengthened d. increased10a. kill b. rob c. damage d. steal11a. actions b. deeds c. signs d. words12a. writing b. printing c. telling d. saying13a. fearful b. doubtful c. pitiful d. impressive14a. strongly b. actively c. disappointedly d. casually15a. sincere b. mature c. welcome d. gentle第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题l.5分，满分l5分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1625的相应位置上。when very small dinosaur bones were found in a germany mine, people thought they were from baby dinosaurs. _16_ martin sanders work shows that they were probably fully _17_ (grow) and belong to the smallest giant dinosaur species ever found. growth marks on dinosaur bones are similar _18_ growth rings on trees. the rings are far apart while the animal is young and growing quickly. _19_ get closer as growth slows. it is _20_ (exact) these tight ring marks that we found in the fossil bones, says sander. so the fossils must have been from adult animals._21_ was this german dinosaur so much smaller than other giant dinosaurs, which grew up to 45 metres long and weighed as much as a thousand humans? 150 million years ago, most of germany was underwater. scientists think that _22_ water levels rose, there was less and less land and food available. the dinosaur _23_ (force) to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal _24_ (need) less space and food.since 1998, scientists have dug up more than 1,000 dinosaur fossils in the mine. it is one of the few places in the world _25_ the bones and footprints of dinosaurs have been found together.阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。aan experiment was carried out at british school into the performance of new pupils. at the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. these were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. however, these ratings were given to the teachers. at the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils performance with the ratings. despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. it seems that people perform as well as we expect them to. the self-fulfilling effect is also known as the pygmalion effect. this comes from an old greek story. the story was also the basis of george bernard shaws play “pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “my fair lady”. in shaws play, professor henry higgins claims he can turn a cockney flower girl, eliza doolittle into a duchess. but, as eliza herself points out to higgins friend pickering, it isnt what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how shes treated. the implication (含义) of the pygmalion effect for leaders and managers is massive. it means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. the performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. as goethe said, “treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”26the underlined word “rating” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_”.a. programb. regulation c. correction d. classification27whats the passage mainly about?a. a new scientific experiment. b. the self-fulfilling effect.c. shaws play “pygmalion”. d. an improved teaching method.28the experiment was made in order to _.a. try out a new teaching method b. pick out the most excellent pupilsc. learn if expectations affect performance d. give each pupil a proper rating29what made eliza change into a duchess according to eliza herself?a. strict training from higgins. b. her own strong will and hard work.c. the proper way she was regarded d. warm encouragement from pickering.30according to the pygmalion effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_”.a. im sure you can make it b. i will help you any timec. it is as easy as pie d. it doesnt matter if you failb researchers at the university of bedforshire have developed a new technique for powering electronic device（装置）. the system, developed by professor ben allen at the centre for wireless research, uses radio waves as power.believed to be a world first, the team claims it could eventually eliminate (or get rid of) the need for conventional batteries. the university has now filed a patent application to secure the only rights to the technique.professor allen and his team have created a system to use medium wave frequencies to replace batteries in small everyday devices like clocks and remote controls.the new technique uses the “waste” energy of radio waves and has been developed as part of the universitys research into “power harvesting”. professor allen said that as radio waves have energy-like light waves, sound waves or wind waves-in theory, these waves could be used to create power.“the emerging（新兴的）area of power harvesting technology promises to reduce our reliance on conventional batteries,” he said. “its really exciting way of taking power from sources other than what we would normally think of.”the team is now waiting for the results of the patent application to secure recognition of the technique. professor allen said that the teams achievements had all been done in their “spare time”. “our next stage is to try and raise some real funds so that we can take this work forward and make a working prototype（模型）and maybe partner up with the right people and take this to a full product in due course,” he said.“power harvesting has a really important part in our future, because, just in this country, we dispose of somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 tones of batteries in landfill（垃圾填理）sites every single yearthat is toxic chemicals going into the ground.”he added that development of the product could also be “commercially beneficial”. “the market for this is several billion pounds. weve seen market predictions for 2020 which have these kinds of figures, so theres a lot of commercial potential in this area,” he said.pro-vice chancellor at the university of bedfordshire, professor carsten maple, said, “this type of work is a reflection of the universitys growing reputation and experience in conducting innovative（创新的）research.”31from the text we know the new technique for powering electronic devices_. a. can be applied to all electronic devices. b. uses radio waves to create power.c. has replaced conventional batteries. d. produces many toxic chemicals.32according to professor allen, power harvesting technology_. a. makes every use of radio waves. b. takes power from usual sources.c. reduces our dependency on conventional batteries. d. aims at huge commercial benefits.33what can we learn about professor allen and his team from the text? a. they have made use of radio waves in their daily life.b. they have raised a big fund to support their research.c. they have gained a patent for their new technology.d. they mainly did their research in their spare time.34what is professor carsten maples attitude toward the new technique? a. critical.b. favorable.c. conservative.d. negative.35what is the text mainly about?a. a new technique to create power. b. a crisis concerning conventional batteries.c. some special sources of power. d. the development of power harvesting. c “ive never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert mark westhusin from his lab at texas a&m university. “its a stupid endeavor.”thats an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named missy. so far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two cows and a cat.they just might succeed in cloning missy soon or perhaps not for another five years.westhusins experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by all this talk of human cloning. in three years of work on the missy project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dogs eggs, the a&m team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying missys dna. none have survived the transfer to a surrogate（代孕的）mother. the wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted(流产，发育不全) fetuses（胎）may be acceptable when youre dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. ever since dolly the sheep was cloned in 1996, westhusins phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. “a lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right,” says westhusin. cost is no obstacle for missys mysterious billionaire owner; hes put up $3.7 million so far to fund a&ms research.contrary to some media reports, missy is not dead. the owner wants a twin to carry on missys fine qualities after she does die. the prototype（原型；雏形）is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and super-smart. missys master does not expect an exact copy of her. he knows her clone may not have her temperament（气质、性情）. in a statement of purpose, missys owner and the a&m team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from missy.”besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs. nurture. it could also lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals.however, westhusin is cautious about his work. he knows that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems “why would you ever want to clone humans,” westhusin asks, “when were not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?”36by “stupid endeavor”, westhusin means to say that _.a. human cloning is a foolish undertaking b. animal cloning is absolutely impracticalc. human cloning should be done selectively d. animal cloning is not worth the effort at all37what does the second paragraph tell us about westhusins dog cloning project?a. its success is already in sight. b. it is progressing smoothly.c. it is doomed to utter failure. d. its outcome remains uncertain.38by cloning missy, mark westhusin hopes to _.a. study the possibility of cloning humansb. search for ways to modify its temperamentc. find out the differences between missy and its clones d. examine the reproductive system of the dog species39we learn from the passage that animal clones are likely to have _.a. a bad temper b. defective（有缺陷的、有毛病的）organsc. immune deficiency d. an abnormal shape40. whats the best title of the passage? a. cloning of missy b. scientist says no to human cloning c. human cloning is dangerous . d. westhusin is cautious about cloning done evening in february 2007, a student named paula ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in wales. she got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path .thats when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. her renault clio was parked across a railway line. seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.ceelys near miss made the news because she blamed it on her gps (导航仪). she had never driven the route before. it was dark and raining heavily. ceely was relying on her gps, but it made no mention of the crossing. “i put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train,” she told the bbc.who is to blame here? rick stevenson, who tells ceelys story in his book when machines fail us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. we put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. they are filled with small problems. and its not just gps devices: stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.the problem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. a map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. maybe we should blame ceely for not paying attention. perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor singalling system. or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the gps equipment. but stevenson doesnt say. its a problem that runs through the book. in a section on cars, stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. he offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. he says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. perhaps, but maybe its also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. or changing social circumstances. or some combination of these factors. the game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. it is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.if there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. after all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. they have probably been fooling us for just as long.41.what did paula ceely think was the cause of her accident？a. she was not familiar with the road.b. it was dark and raining heavily then.c. the railway workers failed to give the signal.d. her gps device didnt tell her about the crossing.42.the phrase “near miss” (paragraph 2) can best be replaced by_.a. close hitb. heavy lossc. narrow escape d. big mistake43. which of the following would rick stevenson most probably agree with?a. modern technology is what we cant live without.b. digital technology often falls short of our expectation.c. digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.d. gps error is not the only cause for ceelys accident.44. in the writers opinion, stevensons argument is _.a. one-sided b. reasonable c. puzzling d. well-based45. what is the real concern of the writer of this article?a. the major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.b. the relationship between human and technology.c. the shortcomings of digital devices we use.d. the human unawareness of technical problems.第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。首先请阅读下列书籍的封面及基本信息： a.